Main details of current coal issues and future development

(1) Problems in coal resource management

First, serious loss and waste of coal resources, mainly manifested in low resource recovery rate and inappropriate utilization of coal resources

The efficiency of coal treatment and coal utilization is low. Second, the allocation of coal resources is unreasonable. A variety of approval agencies represent the state to allocate coal resources for compensation. With the development of the coal market, some drawbacks have been exposed. The main manifestations are that legal persons or natural persons There is a lack of efficiency standards for obtaining coal resources. Secondly, administrative division of coal resources fundamentally limits the expansion of enterprises. Thirdly, approval is somewhat arbitrary. Third, the paid use of coal resources is unreasonable. The main manifestations

Firstly, the purpose of adjusting differential income has not been achieved; secondly, the evaluation method for collecting taxes and fees is too simple; thirdly, the property rights of coal

charcoal resources are in vain. Fourth, there is a lack of protective mining measures for scarce coal types. High-quality anthracite coal from the Jincheng mining area in Shanxi Province

, high-quality coking coal from the Qitaihe mining area in Heilongjiang Province, high-quality anthracite coal from the Ruqigou mining area in Ningxia, and high-quality coking coal from the Liliu mining area

are all Scarce coal types have been damaged to varying degrees by destructive mining in small coal kilns in towns and villages and by natural factors. Strict protective mining measures have not yet been adopted.

(2) Problems with coal development layout

1. Coal development layout does not fully consider the economic recoverability of resources. The economic recoverability of coal resources is a comprehensive reflection of

geological conditions, mining conditions, coal type and coal quality characteristics, abundance of reserves, regional economy and other factors. According to research, under the existing market, technology and economic conditions, among the 594 state-owned key coal mines

, there are 194 sub-economic mines, accounting for 32.66% of the total number, with a production capacity of 166.9 million t/a, which is 31.2% of the total capacity

; there are 279 non-economically mineable coal mines, accounting for 46.97% of the total, and the production capacity is 116.33 million t/a, which is

21.75% of total capacity. This shows that under the conditions of the planned economy, due to the shortage of coal, the one-sided pursuit of growth in coal quantity did not consider the economics of its development in the layout of coal productivity.

2. The coal development layout does not fully consider the characteristics of coal types. Among my country's raw coal production, coking coal production accounts for more than 50

%. The proportion of washed coal is low, and most of it is used as thermal coal. my country's coking coal resources account for 27% of the total coal resources, and its mining proportion far exceeds its resource proportion. It is a pity to use it as thermal coal. In particular

main coking coal, fat coal, and lean coal among high-quality coking coals are in short supply, and no strict protective mining measures have been adopted at present.

3. The layout of coal productivity is not compatible with the layout of coal consumption, resulting in some coal mine production capacity being idle. According to statistics, there are 50 million tons of idle production capacity in existing mining areas in the west.

(3) Problems with coal industry organization

1. The organizational structure of the coal industry is unreasonable. In 1998, there were about 60,000 coal mines in the country, producing 1.23 billion tons of raw coal. Each mine produced an average of 20,000 tons of raw coal. The layout was scattered, the scale was generally small, and there were too many mining entities. There are too many coal enterprises, large enterprises are not large in scale, there are too many small coal mines, and the organizational structure of enterprises is unreasonable.

2. The form of industrial organization lacks economic rationality. First, there are multiple mining entities in the same coal field, which is not conducive to large-scale development; second, existing coal companies are subject to administrative divisions and have not formed a cross-regional large-scale enterprise cluster.

The third is that the extension of the coal industry chain is restricted.

3. The process of centralization driven by market competition is very slow. Competition can drive the centralization process. With the exception of China, the market concentration rate of the world's top 10 coal companies is over 40%. With the advent of the knowledge economy and global economic integration, the market concentration rate of the world's top 10 coal companies is over 40%. Cross-border mergers have further increased the concentration of the coal industry. my country's reliance on market competition alone to promote industrial concentration is very slow and far from being able to adapt to the challenges faced by my country's accession to the WTO. The first reason is that the current traditional management system inhibits the centralization process of enterprises. Second, the heavy burden on state-owned coal enterprises has increased the obstacles to corporate mergers and reorganizations

. Third, the investment and financing system limits enterprises’ access to financial support.

(4) Problems with the coal industry and product structure

1. Non-coal industries are small and scattered, with poor risk resistance. The non-coal industry involves many industries, investment is dispersed, and there are many locations. It is difficult for projects to achieve economic scale, and most of them are almost unprofitable. Today, as the market competition becomes increasingly fierce and the centralization process of various industries accelerates, the non-coal industry is less competitive and faces severe challenges. The project is in line with the industrial policy support of the country and relevant industries. There are very few standard ones.

2. The industrial structure is single and there are few industry-related projects. Judging from foreign practice, many large coal enterprises have established forward and backward relationships, developing from coal and steel joint ventures to integrated operations of coal power and coal chemicals.

Although there are some new pit-head power plants, coal chemical projects and building materials projects in the coal industry, these projects are not enough to play a key role in improving and optimizing the industrial structure of the coal industry. effect. These projects also lack the encouragement and promotion of national industrial policies

.

3. The product structure is unreasonable. Our country has entered a transition from a heavy industrialization process to a high-processing process. The deeper the processing, the greater the added value. The evolution of the internal structure of the coal industry will eventually be reflected in the continuous upgrading of the product structure. However, for a long time, the coal industry has pursued quantity, ignored coal quality, and paid insufficient attention to upgrading the structure of coal products. At present, the proportion of raw coal washing in our country is 25%. Most commercial coal is sold directly in the form of raw coal. The product structure is unreasonable, the product quality is low, and it causes serious environmental pollution. Not only does the coal enterprise suffer serious losses, but it also causes external disadvantages. Economic

economical.

(5) Main problems in the technological development of the coal industry

1. Scientific and technological progress has not yet become the dominant factor in coal economic growth. At present, scientific and technological progress contributes about 35% to coal economic growth

, indicating that the development of the coal industry for a long time has mainly relied on large-scale increases in capital and labor investment. Scientific and technological progress has not yet become a dominant factor.

2. Coal mine technology is relatively backward. The level of coal mine technology and equipment is low, and there is a big gap in the technical structure of coal mines under different ownerships

Manual mining output still accounts for about 50%: the level of safety technology is low and the mortality rate is high; coal product technology

The content is low; the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements is low, and the application rate of high and new technologies is low; the quality of employees needs to be improved. There is a big gap between my country's coal mining technology level and that of advanced foreign coal-producing countries.

3. Inadequate investment in science and technology and lack of stamina for scientific and technological development. First, the state's investment in science and technology in the coal industry has declined. Second, enterprises have not yet become the mainstay of technology investment. The total technology development funds of coal enterprises account for a relatively low proportion of total sales

income. The investment in technology in key state-owned coal mines only accounts for 0.6-0.8% of coal sales, while the technology development of national enterprises

The proportion of funds in product sales revenue has exceeded 1% on average.

(6) Problems in coal industry consumption and circulation

1. Coal producers are controlled by coal consumers and the transportation department. The main consumers of coal are very concentrated

, but coal producers are over-dispersed and compete disorderly, resulting in producers selling at low prices. The producers of coal products

are constrained by coal products of consumers. my country's coal production areas and consumption areas are distributed in reverse directions. Coal sales are restricted by the transportation department. Coal transportation volume accounts for more than 40% of railway freight volume. Coal products are bulk materials, and long-term accumulation in large quantities will cause spontaneous combustion and deterioration. The transportation link objectively has unfavorable conditions for coal producers.

2. Transaction fees are too high. First, the cost of contract fulfillment is high. By the end of March 1999, coal receivables were 32.7 billion yuan, more than half of the annual sales revenue. This made coal enterprises' capital turnover very slow and the occupation of working capital increased. According to

statistics, based on 100 in 1984, the occupation of working capital for 10,000 tons capacity was 115.7 in 1985, 194.6 in 1992, and increased sharply to 1,319.2 in 1993 and 1,319.2 in 1994. It was 1676.7 and rose to 1715.1 in 1995. From this point of view,

Competition in the coal market has intensified, resulting in a sharp increase in transaction costs and poor market operation. Second, there are many transaction links and the costs are high. Third, the transaction fees are high.

3. Environmental protection policies have been continuously improved. The country has promulgated the "Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Law", and the State Council has issued "Reply on Issues Concerning Acid Rain Control Areas and Sulfur Dioxide Pollution Control Areas" and "On Environmental Protection

Several "Decision on Issues", Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and some provinces and cities have also introduced regulations prohibiting the burning of coal products with sulfur content

higher than a certain proportion, which has a positive effect on controlling sulfur dioxide. However, there are few restrictions on the direct sales and use of raw coal, which is not conducive to deep processing of coal and environmental protection. Various localities have failed to supervise problems such as environmental damage caused by small coal mines.

(7) Difficulties in the coal industry

1. The cost of exiting the coal industry is high and there is a lack of financial support. In the past, the coal industry did not undergo fundamental structural adjustment. A large number of excess production factors were accumulated within the industry. The cost of exiting the industry was very high, and it urgently needed fiscal support.

2. Coal enterprises have poor financing capabilities. For a long time, there has been insufficient funds for the construction of the coal industry. Coal project construction cycles are long, the return on investment is low, investment risks are high, and there is a lack of sufficient attraction for social funds, making it difficult to raise social funds.

Spontaneously flowing to the coal industry.

3. The coal industry lacks construction fund support.

At present, water conservancy, electric power, railways, petroleum, communications and other industries have implemented a construction fund system. However, coal lacks construction fund support, and more than 10 billion yuan of various types of funds have to be turned over every year

< p>Funds and fees, the state does not allow the establishment of coal industry construction funds, which has seriously affected the healthy development of the coal industry

4. Insufficient investment in coal mine safety. Due to the low investment returns of the coal industry, poor geological conditions, and numerous natural disasters, coal enterprises must rely solely on their own strength to solve their lack of strength, and the state should provide appropriate support.

5. The coal industry is heavily taxed. Coal enterprises bear additional resource taxes, resource compensation fees, mineral rights usage fees and other resource taxes than ordinary enterprises, which exceed the taxes of ordinary industrial enterprises.

In the future, the coal industry will mainly rely on market pricing and market regulation. You can go to the Coal Home website (www.coal123.cn) to view more about future coal development trends.