Brief introduction of Fujian (concrete)

Fujian is located in the southeast of the motherland, on the coast of the East China Sea. Its land area is between 23 degrees 30 minutes north latitude and 28 degrees 22 minutes east longitude 1 15 degrees 50 minutes to 120 degrees 40 minutes. It is separated from Taiwan Province Strait in the east, across the sea from Taiwan Province Province, adjacent to Zhejiang Province in the northeast, Jiangxi Province in the northwest and Guangdong Province in the southwest. Fujian belongs to East China. Fujian is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China, with10.88 million Fujian Chinese living all over the world. Fujian has a long history and the closest relationship with Taiwan Province Province, and 80% of Taiwan Province compatriots are from Fujian. Fujian is located in the transportation hub of China's East China Sea and South China Sea, and it is one of the closest provinces in China to Southeast Asia, West Asia, East Africa and Oceania.

In the first year of Shang and Yuan Dynasties, Fujian Province was established, which governed the five states of Fu, Jian, Quan, Zhang and Ting. Fujian is named after the first two of the five states. Ming is located in Fujian province. Because in ancient times, it was the residence of Fujian and Vietnam people, referred to as Fujian for short.

In 2 1 year (733), Tang Kaiyuan established the Fujian Economic Mission, formerly known as Fujian. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were 1 state, 5 states and 2 armies, so it was also called "Bamin". Historically, Fujian was the birthplace and trade distribution center of important cultures such as the Maritime Silk Road, Zheng He's voyages to the West and Islam. Fuzhou and Xiamen were once one of the five largest trading ports in China. Mawei Port at the mouth of Minjiang River is the pioneer of modern shipbuilding industry in China and the cradle of training scientific and technological talents. Fuzhou, the provincial capital.

Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian Province.

Fujian: It was named after Fuzhou and Jianzhou (now Jian 'ou). Tang belongs to Jiangnan East Road, followed by Fujian Observer, which is the beginning of Fujian's name; Songzhi Fujian Road; Yuan set up Fujian Haiyuan Road; Fujian Province was established in Ming Dynasty and later changed to Fujian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; The name of Fujian Province has not changed since the Qing Dynasty.

Geographical climate

□ Land

Land area 12 14000 square kilometers, of which mountains and hills account for 80% of land area, and sea area 136300 square kilometers. The total length of the province's coastline is 6 128 kilometers, of which the mainland line is 3324 kilometers, ranking second in the country. There are 1546 large and small islands, accounting for16 of the whole country. There are many natural ports such as Xiamen Bay, Fuzhou Bay, Xinghua Bay, Meizhou Bay, Shacheng Port and Sandu 'ao.

□ Climate

Fujian is located in the subtropical zone, with a subtropical monsoon climate, mild climate and abundant rainfall. In 2004, the average temperature was15.3-210.9 degrees, and the average rainfall was 930- 1843mm, making it one of the provinces with the richest rainfall in China.

natural resource

□ Mineral resources

Fujian has a complex geological structure. Proven reserves (including minerals) 1 18 species, including 2 energy minerals such as anthracite and geothermal, 3 metal minerals/kloc-0 species, 82 non-metal minerals and water gas minerals/kloc-0 species. Gold, silver, lead, zinc, manganese and kaolinite. The reserves and quality of quartz sand are the first in China.

□ Biological resources

Fujian is one of the key forest areas in China, with a forest area of 1 more than 100 million mu, rich in forest resources and various tree species, with a forest coverage rate of 62.96%, ranking first in the country. The marine resources are very rich, the inland aquaculture area is about 1000 square kilometers, and the marine fishing ground area is about125,000 square kilometers. There are more than 750 species of fish, accounting for half of the marine fish species in China. In particular, there are many kinds of aquatic products resources, the existing varieties account for more than 50% of the world, the total amount of aquatic products ranks third in the country, and the per capita possession ranks first in the country.

□ Water resources

The territory is densely covered with rivers and rich in water resources. There are 29 water systems and 663 rivers in the province, with the length of inland rivers reaching 13569 km, and the density of river network is rare in China. The theoretical hydraulic reserve is 6,543.8+004,600 kilowatts, and the installed capacity is 7.05 million kilowatts, ranking first in East China.

□ Tourism resources

The province is rich in cultural resources and has a large number of tourism brands with increasing influence, including Wuyi Mountain, which is a perfect combination of mountains and water and a harmonious unity of man and nature; Gulangyu Island, a world cultural and natural heritage; Gulangyu Island, which is known as the sea garden and music island; Mazu pilgrimage culture in Meizhou, which is located on the west side of the Taiwan Strait and embodies Chinese people all over the world; and Quanzhou Maritime Silk Road, which is multicultural and unique in folk customs. Unique mountain village residential buildings in the world, Fujian earth building, famous revolutionary holy land Shanghang Gutian, cradle of Fujian ancient culture and marine culture, Tanshishan cultural site, world-famous scenic spot Ningbaishui Ocean Wonder, Taining World Geopark, Zhangzhou Volcano Park and many other scenic spots. Fujian is also a famous old liberated area and Soviet area, and western Fujian and eastern Fujian are important revolutionary bases. At that time, there were 10 counties in Fujian Central Soviet Area, and the old liberated areas were distributed in 62 counties (cities).

Fujian population

demography

At the end of 2006, the total resident population in the province was 35.58 million, with a net increase of 230,000. The birth population is 425,600, and the birth rate is12.00 ‰; The death population was 203,900, with a mortality rate of 5.75 ‰; The natural growth rate is 6.25‰.

Ethnic distribution and population proportion

Fujian is a place where many nationalities live together. Except the Han nationality, ethnic minorities are widely distributed and have a long history. There are 54 ethnic groups in Fujian, and the Han population accounts for the majority. The population of 53 ethnic minorities is 583,800, accounting for 1.7%. Among the population of ethnic minorities, she nationality is the largest; There are about 350 thousand people, accounting for more than half of the population of She nationality in China. The Hui population also has more than 10,000. Ethnic minorities in the province are mainly distributed in Ningde, followed by Fuzhou and Quanzhou, among which Fuan, Xiapu, Fuding, Zhangpu, Jiaocheng, Luoyuan, Jinjiang, Hui 'an and Lianjiang are ten thousand counties and cities.

□ Education level

In 2006, there were 66 universities in the province, including 53 ordinary universities, 3 adult universities 10, and independent colleges (private)10 run by ordinary universities. The province has enrolled 8,200 graduate students, 22,800 graduate students and 4,600 graduates. General higher education enrolls1517,000 students, 46 students1300 students and 95,000 graduates. The enrollment of various secondary vocational education is 2.3 million110,000, with 5710.8 million students and 0.510.3 million graduates. Ordinary high schools have 2.74110,000 students, 780,400 students and 2010.80 million graduates. Junior high school enrolled 523,700 students, with students/kloc-0 1.6503 million and graduates of 602,300. Ordinary primary schools enrolled 4 1.24 million students, with 2.69% students.

220,000 people, 526 1 10,000 graduates. There are 35,200 students receiving special education. There are 876,5438+065,438+00,000 children in kindergartens. .

Fujian economy

□ Gross domestic product

In 2006, the province's GDP reached 75,065,438+63 million yuan, an increase of 13.4% over the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 88.523 billion yuan, an increase of 2.5%; The added value of the secondary industry was 373.608 billion yuan, an increase of17.0%; The added value of tertiary industry was 288.032 billion yuan, up by 12.6%. Per capita GDP was 2 1 152 yuan, an increase of 12.7% over the previous year.

□ Proportion of GDP

In 2006, the primary industry decreased, the secondary industry continued to increase, and the tertiary industry developed steadily. The proportion of the three industries has been adjusted from 12.8: 48.7: 38.5 last year to1.8: 49.8: 38.4.

□ Fiscal revenue

In 2006, the total fiscal revenue of the whole province was1010.86 billion yuan, an increase of 28.4% over the previous year, of which the local fiscal revenue was 5.4/kloc-0.30 billion yuan, an increase of 25.1%; The fiscal expenditure was 72.2/kloc-0.50 billion yuan, up by 2 1.8%%. National tax revenue (including import tax) was 69.809 billion yuan, an increase of 65.438+07.9%; The revenue of the local tax system was 50.397 billion yuan, of which the tax revenue was 36.576 billion yuan, an increase of 28.9%.

□ Industrial added value and growth rate

In 2006, the province's industrial added value was 330.609 billion yuan, up by 65.438+06.9% over the previous year, of which the industrial added value above designated size was 274.558 billion yuan, up by 20.4% (see Table 3). The sales rate of products was 96.92%, down 0.58 percentage points from the previous year.

□ Agricultural added value and growth rate

In 2006, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in the province was 1473.45438+0 billion yuan, an increase of 3.0% over the previous year, and the growth rate dropped by 1.7 percentage points over the previous year.

□ Foreign trade status

In 2006, the total import and export volume of the province was US$ 62.663 billion, an increase of 65.438+05.2% over the previous year. Among them, the export was 4126.5 million USD, an increase of18.4%; Imports reached US$ 26,543.8 billion, up by 9.3%. The balance of imports and exports was 654.38+09.867 billion US dollars, an increase of 4.594 billion US dollars over the previous year.

□ Utilization of foreign capital

In 2006, a total of 2 162 foreign direct investment projects were approved, an increase of 8.8% over the previous year; According to the historical comparable caliber, the contracted foreign investment amounted to US$ 654.38+00.802 billion, an increase of 26.2%; The actually utilized foreign direct investment was $765,438+85 million, an increase of 15.3%. According to the capital verification standard, the contracted foreign investment amounted to US$ 7.829 billion, an increase of 365.438+0.4%. The actually utilized foreign direct investment was US$ 3.22 billion, up by 23.5%. * * * 73 overseas investment enterprises were newly approved, with a total agreed investment of US$ 654.38+72 billion, of which Chinese investment was US$ 87.496 million. The turnover of foreign contracted projects was $202 million, an increase of 3.5%; The turnover of foreign labor service cooperation was $3150,000, an increase of 1.6%.

Fujian communication

□ Telephone ownership rate

In 2006, the total post and telecommunications business was 64.093 billion yuan, an increase of 265.438 0.0% over the previous year. Among them, the total postal business was 2.793 billion yuan, an increase of 9.1%; The total telecom business was 6010.30 billion yuan, an increase of 210.6%. The telecom industry completed its main business income of 23.872 billion yuan, an increase of 65.438+00.5%; The profit was 496,543,809 yuan, up 65,438+05.7% year-on-year. Add 750,000 fixed telephone exchanges with a total capacity of 194 1 10,000; The capacity of mobile exchange is 22.97 million, the capacity of mobile packet data network is 6.5438+0.97 million, and the capacity of mobile short message center is 29.62 million. There were 870,000 new fixed telephone users, reaching14.86 million by the end of the year. There were 2.37 million new mobile phone users, reaching15.39 million by the end of the year. At the end of the year, the total number of fixed-line and mobile phone users reached 30.25 million, an increase of 3.24 million over the end of the previous year. The telephone penetration rate in the province is 85.58/100 people. There were 7,765,438+data and multimedia users, an increase of 1.73 million, and the penetration rate of data and multimedia users reached 2 1.8%. There were 3.04 million broadband access ports, an increase of 460,000 over the end of last year.

□ Radio and TV

There are radio stations 10, 36 medium and short wave transmitters and relays, 89 FM transmitters and relays, and 85 sets of radio programs, with a comprehensive population coverage rate of 96.99%; There are TV stations 10, TV transmitting stations and relay stations above 1 kW 15, and 36 TV programs. The comprehensive coverage rate of TV population is 98. 13%. There are 4,284,600 cable TV users, and the total length of cable broadcast TV network is124,600 km. The provincial satellite TV is Fujian Southeast Satellite TV.

Fujian TV Station is as follows: 1, integrated channel; 2. Southeast Satellite TV; 3. Public channels; 4. News channel; 5. TV drama channel; 6. City Channel; 7. Economic Channel; 8. Sports channel; In addition, there are children's channels, TV channels and international channels.

Fujian traffic

□ Lu Gong

By the end of 2006, the province's highway mileage reached 86,560 kilometers, including expressway 1.229 kilometers, 353 kilometers of first-class highway and 6,524 kilometers of second-class highway, with the highway density of 7 1.3 kilometers per 100 square kilometers.

□ Water transport

The navigation mileage of inland waterway reaches 3245 kilometers. There are 524 productive berths in the province, including 78 berths above 10,000 tons, and the port throughput of the province is 654.38+42 million tons, of which the container throughput is 57 1000 TEU. . Xiamen Port has become one of the top ten container ports in China. Thirty-six international liner routes have been opened, with cargo exchanges with more than 70 ports in the world and business relations with more than 200 countries and regions. Fuzhou, Xiamen and Kaohsiung ports opened pilot projects for direct sea flights, and Fujian coastal areas carried out direct air exchanges with Jinmen and Mazu.

□ air navigation

There are currently five airports in Fujian, namely: Xiamen Gao Qi International Airport; Fuzhou Changle International Airport; Quanzhou Jinjiang Airport; Nanping Wuyishan Airport; Liancheng Airport is about to be built in Putian.

□ Iron furnace

By the end of 2006, the railway mileage of the whole province was1625km, and there were four railway passages in and out of the province: yingtan-Xiamen Railway, Waifu Railway, Hengnan Railway and Meikan Railway. At present, the railway projects under construction include Fujian section of Wenfu Railway, fuzhou-xiamen railway and Longyan-Xiamen Railway, with a total mileage of 6 16 km. The railways started before the end of 2007 include the Fujian section of Xiangpu Railway (from xiang tang, Jiangxi to Putian) and the Fujian section of xiamen-shenzhen railway, with a total mileage of 535 kilometers. The above-mentioned railway projects under construction and about to start will form a "one vertical and two horizontal" rapid railway skeleton in Fujian, with a total length of1150km, which will be fully completed 20 1 1 year ago.

Fujian specialty

Fuzhou specialties include olives, oranges, longan, Fujian ginger, litchi, hibiscus plum, jasmine tea, bodiless lacquerware, wood paintings, wood carvings, paper umbrellas, shell carvings, porcelain and so on.

Quanzhou has all kinds of melons and fruits, famous wood flowers, Dehua porcelain, Hui 'an stone carving, Anxi oolong tea, Lao Fan Wan Zhiying divine comedy, Yongchun aged vinegar, Yuanhetang candied fruit, Quanzhou puppet head, Yongchun lacquer basket, artificial flowers and so on.

Zhangzhou's specialties are narcissus, camellia, orchid and other "three famous flowers", and citrus, litchi, banana, longan, sleeve and pineapple and other "six famous fruits". There are also various dried seafood, Pien Tze Huang, Babao Indy, Pien Tze Huang epidemic, pearl paste, Zhenbei lacquer decorative board, narcissus brand essential oil and so on.

Xiamen has all kinds of subtropical melons and fruits, pies, fish-skin peanuts, Bodhi pills, olives, Xiamen pearl embroidery, Qi Diao, Xiamen colored sculptures, Xiamen porcelain sculptures, mushroom meat sauce, Xiamen medicated wine and dried seafood.

Nanping specialty: rich in dried bamboo shoots, mushrooms, Wuyi rock tea and so on.

Putian specialty: Xinghua longan, Xinghua rice flour, lacquer wood bowl.

Longyan specialty: Ba Trunk Series.

Sanming specialty: Jianlian lotus seed, Shaxian snack.

Ningde specialty: hibiscus plum, Gutian bamboo weaving, tea, red yeast, scissors, etc.

History and culture

Fujian has a long history, and there were human activities in primitive society. It belongs to a branch of the Guyue nationality and is called "Dongyue". During the Warring States Period, the State of Yue was defeated by Chu soldiers. Some of Yue's royal family fled south to Fujian and southern Zhejiang, and their descendants merged with Fujian people to become "Minyue people". After Qin Shihuang unified China in 22 1 BC, Fujian established Minzhong County, which first appeared on Chinese territory as an administrative division. There were five countries in the middle of the Tang Dynasty: Fu, Jian, Quan, Zhang and Ting. In the 21st year of Tang Kaiyuan (AD 733), border defense was strengthened; Set up "Fujian Economic Group". Thus came the word "Fujian". In the Five Dynasties, the king of Fujian established Fujian according to Fujian, which basically laid the provincial boundaries later. Fujian is also called "Eight Fujian". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Fujian built the L government, five states and two armies, and the government, state and army were administrative agencies at the same level, a total of eight, so it was called "Eight Min". After the Song Dynasty, the old system was basically continued. In the 23rd year of Kangxi (A.D. 1684), Taiwan Province was added, and in the 12th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1886), another province was established. In the late Qing Dynasty, Fujian * * * had 9 prefectures, 2 states, 58 counties and 6 halls. After the Revolution of 1911, in the second year of the Republic of China (A.D. 19 13), the prefecture-level system was abolished and a three-level system of provinces, prefectures and counties was established. After several adjustments, before liberation, there were 2 cities, 7 administrative supervision areas and 67 counties in the province. 1949 After the liberation of Fujian, there were 2 cities, 8 districts and 67 counties in Fujian. 195 1, add Quanzhou and Zhangzhou, and entrust the agency to lead. In the following 20 years, the administrative divisions were adjusted several times. Since the reform and opening up, Fujian has adjusted its administrative divisions according to its own characteristics, and the region has been changed to prefecture-level cities, forming a system of cities with counties. By the end of 2o00, there were 9 provincial cities in the province, including 4 county-level cities/kloc-0, 25 municipal districts and 46 counties (including kinmen county).

Fujian has a long history and its science and culture once flourished. 5,000 years ago, ancestors thrived here, creating a Tanshishan culture comparable to Yangshao and Hemudu cultures. During the Three Kingdoms period, due to the development of shipbuilding and navigation technology, Fujian became Sun Wu's naval base and foreign trade port. From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, Quanzhou became one of the largest commercial ports in the world and had trade relations with more than 65,438+000 countries and regions, forming the famous "Maritime Silk Road". In the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made seven voyages to the West, docked in Fujian many times, recruited sailors, built ships and set sail from Fujian. In the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, Fuzhou Shipping Bureau and the first naval school in China were founded in Mawei. It became the cradle of China's modern navy and shipbuilding industry. There are many talented people in Fujian history, including astronomer Su Song, Song Ci, the originator of world forensic medicine, thinker and writer Li Zhi, phonologist Chang Di, scholars and calligraphers Huang Daozhou and Cai Xiang, literati Yan Yu, Yang Yi and Liu Yong, historians Zheng Qiao and Yuan Shu, national heroes Zheng Chenggong and Lin Zexu, thinkers and translators Yan Fu and Lin Zexu. With their courage and dedication, they have made indelible contributions to the development and prosperity of the Chinese nation.

In history, the people of Fujian have waged countless heroic struggles against oppression and aggression and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. Under the leadership of the * * * Production Party of China, the people of Fujian have dedicated thousands of outstanding sons and daughters of Qian Qian and made outstanding contributions to the liberation of the people of China. Fujian is one of the key old liberated provinces in China, and the old liberated areas are distributed in 62 counties (cities). There are 46 old counties (cities), 5 18 fellow villagers (towns), 7,772 old administrative villages and 29 19 revolutionary old villages.