Differences between Indian Peninsula monsoon climate and Indochina Peninsula monsoon climate

South Asia and Southeast Asia, including the Indian Peninsula, the middle and lower reaches of Ganges River and Brahmaputra River Basin, Indochina Peninsula and Philippine Islands, belong to tropical monsoon climate, with 6-20 N being the most typical. The air mass that dominates the climate in this area is the equatorial air mass in wet season (June-September). Under the joint action of Tagg low pressure and equatorial westerly wind, the southwest monsoon blows, and the wind force is stronger than the East Asian summer monsoon, bringing wet and rainy weather.

For example, 80% or even 90% of the annual precipitation in South Asia (western India) is during the summer monsoon. The dry season (11-April) is a tropical air mass, and the northeast monsoon prevails, belonging to the tropical trade wind, accompanied by dry weather. Before the establishment of the southwest monsoon, that is, before the arrival of the rainy season, the Indian Peninsula and Indochina Peninsula (except Laos and northern Vietnam) were the hottest periods-the hot season (usually from March to May, the hottest in May), and the hottest monthly average temperature was 25-30℃. The northern boundary of this area is equivalent to the position of tropical front in summer, which is roughly consistent with the most Leng Yue average temperature 18℃. The alternation of winter and summer monsoon, the division of dry and wet seasons every year, the hottest month before the rainy season, the strong summer monsoon, abundant precipitation but great changes, etc. , are the same characteristics of tropical monsoon climate zone.

In particular, the rainy season in this climate zone is closely related to the establishment of the southwest monsoon in this region. The beginning of the rainy season is the day when the southwest monsoon is established, and the end of the rainy season is the day when the southwest monsoon retreats. For example, the rainy season began in Myanmar in mid-May, Sri Lanka in late May, and the southern tip of Indian Peninsula in early June, and then rapidly advanced northward, and a southwest monsoon was established in the whole inland of South Asia at the end of June.

It arrived in Pakistan in mid-July, after which the southwest monsoon reached its peak. The formation process of southwest monsoon varies from place to place. In India, it is explosive, but in Vietnam and Thailand, it is not as explosive as in India. For example, in April and May, the precipitation in Bangkok was 12 1 and 147mm, and in Mumbai it was 3 and 16mm, but in June, the precipitation in Bangkok was 2 18mm. The southwest monsoon began to retreat in September 1, and the northeast monsoon appeared in mid-June. 1 1 At the beginning of the month, the northeast monsoon moved to the south of Indian Peninsula, 1 moved to Madras, and 1 appeared in the middle of Sri Lanka at the beginning of the month. In the tropical monsoon climate zone, the annual precipitation is 1, 000- 1, 500 mm, and the windward side of the mountains can reach more than 2000 mm. tropical monsoon forest grows here, but in the leeward side and the inner plain lowlands, the precipitation is obviously reduced, and the trees are sparse, showing a tropical grassland landscape. The similarity between tropical monsoon climate and tropical grassland climate is that summer precipitation is related to intertropical convergence zone, and the precipitation in the driest month is less than 50mm；; The difference is the wind direction of Savannah climate in a year.

This change is not contrary to the tropical monsoon climate. Due to the influence of geographical location, area and topography related to land and sea, the interior of tropical monsoon climate zone

There are some differences, which can be divided into continental type and marine type. The former is located in the South Asian subcontinent and Indian zhina Peninsula. Because the coastal mountains block the sea breeze, and the bases of Indian Peninsula and Indochina Peninsula are close to the vast mainland, the temperature can reach 20℃ throughout the year, and the dry season is longer than the warm season, and the hot season is prominent. The latter is located on the coast of Philippine Islands and Indochina Peninsula, where there is abundant precipitation in both winter monsoon and summer monsoon, and the annual range and diurnal range are smaller than those of Indian Peninsula, especially in dry season. Compared with the monsoon climate in Southeast Asia, the tropical monsoon climate in the South Asian subcontinent has its own characteristics. 1) On the basis of dry and wet seasons, there is also a prominent hot season (March-May). For example, the average temperature in Madras from April to August exceeds 30℃. The highest temperature in Alba reaches 50.6℃. 2) The establishment of southwest monsoon is about 1 month later than that of Indochina Peninsula. 3) The rainfall changes greatly. For example, the annual precipitation in the Ganges Plain ranges from150mm to1500mm. ..

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