Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Urgent! ! What is the pollution-free planting standard of corn?
Urgent! ! What is the pollution-free planting standard of corn?
This regulation stipulates the yield composition of pollution-free corn and the management and harvest of production process.
This procedure is applicable to the production of pollution-free corn in Jinzhong City.
2 normative reference documents
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard by reference. All subsequent modifications (excluding errata) or revisions of dated reference documents are not applicable to this standard. However, parties who have reached an agreement according to this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this standard.
GB3095 ambient air quality standard
GBl56 18 Soil Environmental Quality Standard
GB 1353- 1999 mazer
NY/T394 Green Food Fertilizer Use Guide
NY/T393 Guidelines for the Use of Pesticides in Green Food
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this procedure.
3. 1 pollution-free production technology of corn
It refers to the rational use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides according to the requirements of NY/T394 and NY/T393, following the principle of sustainable development, and the air quality and soil environmental quality of the producing area meet the requirements of GB3095 and GBl56 18. The residues of pesticides, heavy metals, nitrates, nitrites and harmful microorganisms in the products meet the quality standards of pollution-free agricultural products, and the amount of fertilizer is controlled to the maximum extent in technical links, and highly toxic and harmful microorganisms are strictly prohibited.
4 land selection and land preparation
4. 1 land selection
Choose plots with soil organic matter content > 8g/kg, total nitrogen content > > 0.5g/kg, available phosphorus content > > 3mg/kg, available potassium content > > 80mg/kg, tillage depth > 20cm, and good drainage conditions, with moist soil, calcareous cinnamon soil and cinnamon soil as the best, and the continuous cropping period of the same variety shall not exceed two years.
4.2 Soil preparation
4.2. 1 Autumn ploughing and land preparation shall be conducted every two to three years. After the previous crop is harvested, the stubble should be cleaned up in time and fertilized in autumn, so that the stubble can be turned over and buried, and the tillage depth is 18 ~ 25 cm. Rake and press in time after ploughing, pay attention to moisture conservation, and sow in autumn.
4.2.2 Autumn ploughing and spring ploughing. When the soil freezes about 15cm, it needs to be raked, leveled, ridged and suppressed to reach the sowing state.
5 variety selection and seed treatment
5. 1. 1 variety selection
According to the local natural conditions, select the fine varieties with high quality, high yield, strong stress resistance and long green retention period in the later growth stage approved by the national and provincial seed approval committees according to local conditions. The plots with good water and fertilizer conditions are mainly density-tolerant and semi-density-tolerant varieties.
5. 1.2 The altitude is 600 ~ 700 m, the active accumulated temperature is ≥ 10℃ between 3720 ~ 3960℃, and the frost-free period is 154 ~ 175 days. Varieties of Songxi River in Xiyang and Qingzhang River Basin in Zuo Quan are optional.
5. 1.3 Pingchuan District and Fenhe Valley in Lingshi are 650 ~ 800 m above sea level, with active accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ ranging from 3535 ~ 3709℃ and frost-free period 155 ~ 164 days. The variety can be selected from Agricultural University 108.
5. 1.4 The active accumulated temperature in the east of Pingchuan five counties (districts and cities) and Lingchuan is 800 ~ 1000 m above sea level and ≥ 10℃ is between 2730 ~ 3300℃, and the frost-free period is122 ~/kloc.
5. 1.5 altitude 1000 ~ 1400 m, active accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ between 2330 ~ 2730℃, frost-free period1/kloc.
5. 1.6 altitude 1200 ~ 1400 m, active accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ between 2040 ~ 2330℃, frost-free period 96 ~ 1 1 day.
5.2 Seed quality
Seed selection is approved by the national and provincial seed examination and approval departments, which meets the standards and is suitable for local conditions.
5.3 seed treatment
5.3. 1 germination test: germination test shall be conducted 15 days before sowing.
5.3.2 Sun-drying: 3-5 days before sowing, scatter the seeds in a dry sunny place and sun-dry them for 2-3 days.
5.3.3 Seed coating agent: Before sowing, use seed coating agent that has been approved and registered by the state and meets the environmental protection standards to control underground pests and head smut.
5.3.4 Seed soaking to accelerate germination: If germination is accelerated, cold soaking and warm soaking can be used. Cold soaking: spring corn 12 ~ 24 hours, summer corn 5 ~ 6 hours; Warm soaking: soak the seeds in warm water at 55 ~ 58℃ for 6 ~ 12 hours.
5.3.5 Chemical seed dressing: For varieties susceptible to head smut, seed dressing with diniconazole or triadimefon pesticide. If seed dressing is used to accelerate germination, the drugs soaked in seeds should be mixed evenly before germination.
6 sowing
6. 1 planting form
6. 1. 1 Open planting: For areas where the frost-free period is longer than the growing period of maize varieties, open planting can be directly carried out.
6. 1.2 Plastic film mulching planting: In areas where the frost-free period is equal to or slightly shorter than the growth period of maize varieties, plastic film mulching planting should be adopted.
6. 1.3 Intercropping: In plots with good water and fertilizer conditions, corn can be intercropped with dwarf crops such as potato, Japanese pumpkin and early spring cabbage in the ratio of 4:2 or 2:2.
6.2 sowing date
When the ground temperature at 5 cm of soil stably passes through 6 ~ 8℃ and the water content of soil plough layer is about 20%, ploughing and sowing can be started. When the soil moisture content is lower than 18%, the soil temperature can be planted when it is stabilized at 5℃. The best sowing date of plastic film mulching is April 10 ~ 20 in the low mountain area where the active accumulated temperature is ≥ 10℃ and 2040 ~ 2730℃. In areas with active accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ and above 2900℃, the best sowing date is April 15 ~ 25; In areas with accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ and 2700 ~ 2900℃, the best sowing date is April 20 ~ 30. The best sowing date should be adjusted with the soil moisture in spring, 3 ~ 5 days earlier in dry year and 3 ~ 5 days later in rainy year to ensure the whole seedling.
6.3 sowing method
6.3. 1 Mechanical sowing: For large-area plots such as rivers and arid plateaus, large tractors or small four-wheeled tractors should be used for mechanical sowing. Sowing depth depends on soil quality, water content and seed size, and it is generally appropriate to be about 5cm. If the soil is sticky and has good water content, it can be shallow, loose, easy to dry and poor in water content. Sowing depth should be consistent and covering soil should be uniform. When the soil moisture content is less than 65438 08%, the seeds should be deeply ditched, lightly covered and planted on wet soil.
6.3.2 Animal-drawn plough sowing: In hilly areas, small plots of land and bio-covered land are not suitable for tractor sowing, so animal-drawn plough should be used for ditching sowing.
6.4 sowing amount
6.4. 1 mechanical sowing, the sowing amount of 667m2 is 2.3 ~ 3.0 kg.
6.4.2 Ploughing, the sowing amount of 667m2 is 3.0 ~ 4.0 kg.
7 planting density
According to the characteristics of varieties, soil fertility, fertilization level and planting form, the planting density is determined. Sufficient water and fertilizer, convergent plant type and suitable spikelet variety density; Poor water and fertilizer conditions, lush plants, and sparse varieties with large ears.
7. 1 high-fat story
Plant convergence, density-tolerant varieties, 667m2 seedling protection for 3700 ~ 4300 plants; Planting and popularizing 2800 ~ 3000 seedlings on 667 square meters of land; When intercropping other crops, the number of plants per unit area can be reduced according to the intercropping mode and crops.
7.2 Medium Fat Plot
Plant convergence, density-tolerant varieties, 667m2, 3500 ~ 4000 seedlings; Planting and popularizing 2600 ~ 2800 seedlings on 667 square meters of land; When intercropping other crops, the number of plants per unit area can be reduced according to the intercropping mode and crops.
8 fertilization
Fertilization is mainly based on increasing organic fertilizer, and the application of chemical fertilizer should comply with NY/T496 "Guidelines for Rational Use of Fertilizer". The nitrogen fertilizer used is non-nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer used is chlorine-free potassium fertilizer.
8. 1 high-fat story
8. 1. 1 base fertilizer: 667m2, high-quality agricultural fertilizer: 3000~4000kg, n: 8 ~ 14kg, P2O5: 5 ~ 10kg, K2O:2kg. Agricultural fertilizers (including stubble cleaning, straw crushing and returning directly to the field or returning to the field after decomposition) are applied at one time in combination with autumn ploughing or land preparation and ridging. After the chemical fertilizer is mixed evenly, it should be ploughed in autumn or applied in early spring (the same below).
8. 1.2 Topdressing
8. 1.2. 1 topdressing dosage: 667m2 topdressing N5 ~ 7kg.
8. 1.2.2 topdressing period and method: the high-fat plot can be in the corn big horn period from the end of June to the beginning of July. Topdressing methods are digging pits and plowing. The appropriate topdressing depth is 10 ~ 15 cm from the root of the plant, and the appropriate topdressing depth is 12 ~ 15 cm (the same below).
8. 1.2.3 Late fertilization: If corn is fertilized later, 1% urea solution and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate are used for foliar spraying. If it rains 4 hours after spraying, it needs to be sprayed again (the same below).
8.2 Medium Fat Plot
8.2. 1 base fertilizer: 3000~4000kg of high-quality agricultural fertilizer was applied to 667m2, with pure N: 7 ~ 10 kg, P2O5: 7 ~ 8 kg and K2O: 2 ~ 3 kg.
top application
8.2.2. 1 topdressing dosage: 667m2 topdressing N5 ~ 7kg.
Topdressing period and method in 8.2.2.2: The topdressing period is around June 20th. Topdressing method is the same as above.
Late fertilization in 8.2.2.3: ditto.
9 site management
9. 1 field investigation and replanting
After sowing 10 day, check the seeds and buds every 5 days. For bad seeds and buds, they should be replanted in time.
9.2 Chemical weeding
The atrazine suspension concentrate is mixed with acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate (or metolachlor), and water is sprayed on the soil after corn sowing and before sowing when the soil is wet. In dry years or dry areas, the effect of soil treatment is poor, so atrazine EC is used to spray water on the stems and leaves of weeds at the 2 ~ 4 leaf stage. The plots with high soil organic matter content should use high dose in drought, otherwise low dose should be used. The application amount of seedling belt should be reduced according to the application area, and the application should be uniform to avoid re-spraying or missed spraying, and low-capacity sprayers and sprayers should not be used. Intercropping corn with other sensitive crops is prohibited.
9.3 room, fixed seedlings
Plant seedlings every 3 leaves, and 4 ~ 5 leaves will fix seedlings. Large seedlings, strong seedlings and full seedlings are not equidistant, but sufficient seedlings are reserved according to the seedling density per unit area. When weak, small, sick and miscellaneous seedlings are removed before topdressing, more 10% seedlings are reserved to ensure full seedlings. Corn seedlings covered with plastic film should be released in time after emergence, following the principle of "no release in strong wind, no release at noon on sunny days". In case of high temperature and windy weather, we should pay close attention to releasing seedlings. When it is too late to release seedlings all at once, we should drill a hole every 2 ~ 3 meters to prevent scalding seedlings.
9.4 intertillage and soil cultivation
9.4. 1 intertillage times: intertillage 2-3 times at seedling stage, jointing stage and big bell stage of spring maize in dryland, 4-5 times at seedling stage, jointing stage and big bell stage of paddy field and 3-4 times at summer maize. Don't cultivate the fields covered with plastic film, but pull out the miscellaneous grains in rows and seedling holes in time.
9.4.2 intertillage depth: The intertillage depth should be based on the principle that the head is shallow, the second time is deep, the third time and the fourth time do not hurt the roots. Spring corn is generally slightly deeper and summer corn is shallow; Clay intertillage is slightly deep, sandy loam and hilly dry land are slightly shallow; Few seedlings are cultivated shallowly.
9.5 water
According to the law that corn needs less water in the early stage, more water in the middle stage and less water in the later stage, it is generally watered three times, with soil moisture content of 40 ~ 50 cubic meters /667㎡, water saving of 30 ~ 40 cubic meters in digging and water consumption of 50 ~ 60 cubic meters /667㎡ for grouting.
9.6 Disease and pest control
9.6. 1 grey seedling: The diseased plants were found in the middle and late May (before the 6-leaf stage) and sprayed with 0.3% zinc sulfate solution 1 ~ 2 times.
9.6.2 Mythimna separata: From the middle and late June to the early July, if each plant has 1 armyworm, spray fenvalerate EC with water, and spray 50% dichlorvos EC 1000 times solution before the 3rd instar to control Mythimna separata.
9.6.3 Corn borer: in early and middle July, release 1500 Trichogramma every 667m2 (twice, with an interval of 5-7 days) to eliminate the borer before hatching; Set high-pressure mercury lamp to trap and kill adults; Bt particles were sprinkled into the heart leaves before the end of the heart leaves, and the dosage of 667m2 was 0.7kg;. 1% phoxim granules or 3% Mi Dan granules, 667m2 1 ~ 2g, 5 times of fine soil or fine river sand to quench thirst, and evenly sprinkle into the bell mouth.
9.6.4 thrips: 10% imidacloprid wettable powder sprayed with 2500 times solution; 40% Qixingbao EC is sprayed with 600 ~ 800 times of liquid; 2.5% Baode EC is sprayed with 2000 ~ 2500 times of liquid; 10% Dagongren wettable powder and 667m2 were sprayed with 2 grams of active ingredients; 44% Multi-Chongqing EC 667m2, sprayed with 30ml and 60kg water.
9.6.5 Starscream: 1.8% Cmit EC 2000 times liquid spray; Spraying 20% pozzolanic emulsifiable concentrate with 2000 times solution; Spraying 15% pyridaben EC with 2500 times solution; 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times liquid spray.
9.6.6 Head smut: Seed dressing with 0.3 ~ 0.4% triadimefon and Rickettsia or 40% seed dressing double or 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to 0.7% grain weight or 0.2% seed dressing 12.5% fast-gathering wettable powder.
9.6.7 Black powder of tumor: In the land with serious diseases over the years, soak the seeds for 48 hours with 4011000 times solution of antibacterial agent; Spraying 1% bordeaux solution before heading of corn; Spraying 50% thiram wettable powder 500~800 times before heading 10 days. Before the melanoma breaks, the tumor should be removed in time and taken to the wild for deep burial or incineration.
9.6.8 Dwarf Mosaic Disease and Rough Dwarf Disease: Clear weeds in the field in time, reduce the breeding of pests, spray drugs in time to eliminate virus vectors and control pests and diseases. Choose 3000~5000 times of 50% pirimicarb wettable powder, or spray with 10% imidacloprid 1500 times. Combine thinning seedlings with fixed seedlings, and remove diseased seedlings.
9.7 Promote precocity
9.7. 1 emasculation: When the tassels are drawn to the length of 1/3, one row of tassels should be removed every one or two rows to prevent the terminal leaves.
9.7.2 Stalk peeling and air-drying: In low temperature years, after waxing the middle-late or late-maturing varieties (50-55 days after spinning), stand on the stalks and peel off the leaves of corn ears and bracts to promote grain precipitation.
10 harvest
The best harvest period is 7 ~ 10 days after the physiological maturity of maize, generally around 10 days. Corn should be peeled and piled up in time after harvest to promote dehydration.
My experience! Hope to cherish!
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