Cultivation techniques of cherry radish

Early-maturing cultivation in spring refers to the cultivation mode of sowing in facilities in winter or early spring and harvesting in early spring. It supplies fresh vegetables to the market in spring, with high economic benefits. Early spring is the off-season for the supply of immature vegetables in Natsuna which have been cut off in winter, which plays a great role in solving the off-season supply problem.

① culture method

There are several ways to cultivate cherry radish in early spring:

Intercropping cultivation in greenhouse: Cucumber and tomato crops planted in heating greenhouse or sunlight greenhouse should be planted in the middle and late June of 5438+February and listed in February of the following year.

Greenhouse cultivation: Sowing in plastic greenhouse in mid-March and listing in late April.

Cultivation in sunny beds or plastic greenhouses: Sow in sunny beds or plastic greenhouses about 15 days before soil thawing in the first half of February. Harvest and supply the market at the end of March or early April.

② Selection of varieties

The choice of varieties mainly depends on the requirements of the market. In Beijing market, cherry radishes with round fleshy roots, a diameter of about 2 ~ 3cm, a single root weight of 15 ~ 20g and a red skin are favored. There are more than 20 varieties in Akamaru, Japan and Zaohong, Germany, with a growth period of 25-30 days, strong adaptability, mild climate and heat intolerance. Yangzhou radish is slightly heat-resistant. The root growth period of 40 days is 30 ~ 35 days, which has strong cold resistance and heat resistance. Followed by straight root, white skin, white meat, long white 20-day-old root and Yuji, the transverse diameter of fleshy root is 65438 0.5 cm, the length is about 8 cm, and the growth period is 20-25 days.

(3) Soil preparation and soil preparation.

Radish cultivated in early spring grows rapidly, so loose, fertile and permeable sandy loam is needed as soil. Organic base fertilizer must be fully applied before soil preparation, and generally 30 thousand kilograms of decomposed chicken manure or other manure should be applied per hectare. If the fertilizer is insufficient, the radish grows slowly, the fleshy roots are small, and the early bolting phenomenon is serious. Spring radish has a long growth length, and it is usually sown in the flat border except in the ridge when intercropping and interplanting. Before sowing 15 days to 1 month, buckle the plastic film as soon as possible to raise the ground temperature.

④ sowing

Radish is cold-resistant and can be sown when the temperature is stable above 8℃. The earlier it goes public in spring, the higher the economic benefit. So, if possible, sow as early as possible. When sowing, it can be dry seeds to accelerate germination or direct seeding. When accelerating germination, the seeds were soaked in water at 25℃ for about 65438 0 hours, and accelerated at 65438 08 ~ 20℃, and the seeds were white for about 65438 0 ~ 2 days. Sowing on the ridge should be done after watering. When sowing in the flat border, water first, and the amount of water is subject to soaking 10 cm soil layer. When water permeates, the sowing amount of seeds is generally 22.5 kg per hectare. After sowing, cover with fine soil 1 ~ 1.5 cm ... Pay attention to uniformity when paving, and the covering thickness should be consistent.

⑤ Field management

After sowing, the cultivation facilities should be covered with plastic film immediately, and straw stalks should be covered for insulation at night. Ensure that the seedbed temperature reaches 25℃ during the day and the lowest temperature at night is not lower than 7 ~ 8℃. Every morning at 9: 00 am, the stalks are uncovered and covered at 4: 00 pm. It takes about 10 days for the seedlings to grow. After sufficient sowing, except cloudy days, proper ventilation should be provided during the day, and the temperature should be controlled at 18 ~ 20℃ during the day and 8 ~ 12℃ at night. When the seedlings are 2 leaves 1 heart, increase ventilation, control the growth of leaf clumps and promote the expansion of straight roots. Radish with early sowing date should pay attention to cold protection. Prevent the boundary temperature from falling below 0℃ and freezing injury. It is also necessary to spring at a low temperature below 8℃ for a long time to prevent premature bolting and reduce product quality. In management, the straw cover should be uncovered in time, and the coverage should be increased when the cold current strikes or it snows continuously. Spring radish with late sowing date should be ventilated and cooled in time to ensure that the temperature does not exceed 20℃ if the outside temperature rises, sunny or the greenhouse temperature is too high in the later period. If radish is exposed to high temperature for a long time, it is easy to chaff, increase crude fiber and reduce product quality. After all the seedlings have been planted, it is necessary to plant them twice. Seeding 1 time in cotyledon stage and 2 ~ 3 true leaves stage, seedling is fixed when 4 ~ 5 true leaves are sown, and plant spacing 10 ~ 15 cm. As long as the soil is not very dry, try not to water it after sowing 4-5 leaves. If the ground is cracked when unearthed, it can be covered with fine soil with a thickness of 0.5 cm. After mowing 1 ~ 2 times, loosen the soil to raise the ground temperature and ensure the water content. Until the roots are broken and the water is belly. Water is poured twice after 7 ~ 10. Radish is sown early, so you don't need to water it before harvest. The greenhouse for late sowing spring radish has high temperature and large evaporation. When fleshy roots swell, water them in time to keep the soil moist. Generally, water for 5 ~ 7 days 1 time. If the water is insufficient, the radish is hard and spicy, and it is easy to chaff. But don't water it too much. Spring radish has a short growth period, so topdressing should be done early. Generally, chemical fertilizer of 1 time should be applied after seedling establishment. Urea per hectare 150kg. In the fleshy root swelling stage, it is chased again 1 time, and the dose is the same as the first time. Harvest. It can be harvested about 30 ~ 55 days after sowing. Fully mature plants should be selected for harvesting, leaving smaller and immature plants to continue to grow. If the harvest is too late, chaff will easily appear and the quality will be reduced. Every harvest 1 time, water should be poured to make up for the hole in radish pulling and promote the rapid growth of immature people. Radish overwintering cultivation is a kind of cultivation method which is planted in early winter in facilities and listed around New Year's Day or Spring Festival. Its growing period is in cold winter, which requires better insulation facilities, and its economic benefits are not as high as those of vegetables such as cucumber and tomato, so its planting area in the past was small. Nowadays, due to the short growth period, when cucumber and tomato are planted in solar greenhouse, once there are devastating losses such as freezing damage, it is too late to plant other vegetables. Planting radish can save the famine and make up for the losses. When cucumber, tomato and other warm-loving vegetables are planted in the solar greenhouse, only radishes are planted in the south side, roadside, channels and other places of the greenhouse because of the narrow space and unfavorable temperature conditions, so as to make full use of the space. Therefore, radish is a good vegetable for intercropping and interplanting. With the improvement of people's living standards, green leaves, red fleshy roots and brightly colored radishes are very popular in late winter. Therefore, the area of simple radish planting in sunny slope is increasing year by year. Due to the above reasons, the overwintering cultivation of cherry radish has developed rapidly, and the listing time coincides with the off-season of vegetables such as New Year's Day and Spring Festival, with considerable economic benefits. Coupled with the characteristics of cold tolerance, short growth period and low risk, the majority of vegetable farmers are also happy to plant.

① Cultivation facilities and time

The growth temperature of cherry radish is 5 ~ 25℃, so it must be cultivated in the northern winter with good heat preservation. Generally, it is cultivated in a solar greenhouse with poor thermal insulation performance, or in large, medium and small plastic greenhouses covered with grass stems and sunny areas with wind shields. In the cultivation of overwintering cucumber and tomato, radish is used for intercropping, interplanting or planting in southern areas with poor temperature conditions. Sowing can be done at any time during June 5438+00-June 5438+02 when cultivated in solar greenhouse or plastic shed covered with grass. Around New Year's Day and Spring Festival in Shanghai. If there is no grass cover and the heat preservation condition is poor, it should be sown in the first ten days of June 5438+ 10 and harvested in the second ten days of June 5438+February.

2 sowing.

In overwintering cultivation, the growth period of cherry radish is short, watering is less, and it is not suitable for topdressing. Sandy loam with loose soil, fertile soil and good moisture permeability should be selected for cultivation. Prepare soil early before winter, apply 45,000 ~ 60,000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per hectare, and level the border. 15 ~ 20 days before the broadcast, the protection facilities should be well done. Tie the plastic film tightly and cover it with grass at night to raise the ground temperature in the facility as much as possible. Ensure that the minimum temperature in the facility is not lower than 5℃. Sow in sunny and warm weather in the morning. Generally used for live broadcast. When the border is dry, it should be watered first, then sowed, and covered with soil 1 ~ 1.5 cm. If the soil moisture is good, you can ditch and drill wells. Row spacing of 20cm, ditching depth of 0.8 ~ 1cm, sowing, covering soil 1cm, and gently suppressing. Ridge planting can also be used, with a ridge width of 40 cm and 3 rows of furrow planting. The seed dosage per hectare is11250 ~15000g.

③ Site management

Immediately after sowing, cover the plastic thin mold tightly, and cover the straw at night to keep warm. The temperature in the cultivation bed is kept at 25℃ during the day, and the lowest temperature at night is not lower than 7 ~ 8℃. It takes about 7 ~ 10 days for the seedlings to come out. After full sowing, a ventilated and cooling cultivation bed is set, which is controlled at 18 ~ 20℃ during the day and 8 ~ 12℃ at night. During this period, the seedlings will be prevented from growing white and becoming tall because of high temperature. In the long leaf period, the temperature in the cultivation bed should not be too high to prevent the leaves from overgrowth and delay the harvest time. It is controlled at about 65438 08℃ during the day and at about l0℃ at night. The temperature of fleshy roots should not be too high during the expansion period. High temperature is easy to cause chaff core and increase crude fiber, which will reduce the quality of turtle products. Therefore, in sunny and warm weather, attention should be paid to ventilation and cooling. In winter in North China, the temperature in the protective facilities can't meet the above requirements most of the time. At 0℃, succulent roots will suffer from freezing injury. Therefore, measures for heat preservation and anti-freezing should be strengthened. Expose the grass in the morning to protect the roots, cover the grass in the afternoon to protect the roots, and increase the root protection when the cold current strikes or it snows continuously. If possible, add a small plastic arch shed to the cultivation bed. After all the seedlings come out, carry out the first thinning in sunny and warm morning. The second thinning is carried out at the 2 ~ 3 leaf stage. Except for the occasional crowded, sick, disabled and weak seedlings. Seedling should be formed when the leaves are 4 ~ 5, and the plant spacing is 10 ~ 15 cm. Sow 4 ~ 5 leaves and try not to water them. Cut 1 ~ 2 times in time to loosen the soil, raise the ground temperature and ensure the water content. Excessive watering during this period will not only reduce the ground temperature, but also lead to white leaves. When rooting, water according to soil moisture 1 time. When fleshy roots swell, water them properly to keep the soil moist and promote the growth of fleshy roots. In the cold winter, the plastic film in the greenhouse is sealed, the temperature is low, the evaporation is small and the soil is not easy to dry. So as long as the soil is wet, there is no need to water it. Soil with strong water retention can be watered without watering 1 time. Too much watering will reduce the ground temperature, but it is harmful. If the soil is short of fertilizer, it can be combined with watering to topdressing 1 time when the belly is broken and the fleshy roots are swollen, and applying compound fertilizer 150 ~ 225 kg per hectare. No watering, no topdressing.

④ Harvest

The temperature condition in the protection facility is suitable, and the radish can be harvested about 30 days after sowing. If the temperature is low, it will take 50 ~ 60 days to harvest. Pull out fully mature plants at harvest, leaving smaller and immature plants to continue to grow. In overwintering cultivation, the listing price is the highest before New Year's Day and Spring Festival, so we should concentrate on this period to gain more. Due to the low temperature and high humidity in the protection facilities, it is not easy to chaff, so proper late harvest is beneficial to improve the yield. Every harvest 1 time, water 1 time, to fill the hole in the jointing of radish and promote the immature growth.

⑤ Seed production

China is the origin of radish, however, people generally emphasize the production and cultivation of radish. Although there are some excellent varieties of radish and cherry radish; However, the demand exceeds the supply, and the seeds are mostly purchased from abroad, which is expensive. So as to facilitate production; Self-propagating seeds can be carried out in China. Plants with good appearance and good color were selected as seed plants from cherry radish cultivated in winter and spring in nature reserve, and seeds were collected strictly in isolation. After the trial planting, if the products are neat and of good quality, the seed collection amount can be increased by seedling collection in the early spring of the following year.