Main types of marine survey vessels

Only undertake the investigation task of a branch of oceanography. Compared with the comprehensive survey ship, it has the advantages of single task, prominent focus, in-depth work and small hull. Common professional survey vessels are as follows:

(1) marine survey ship. The main task is to measure basic data such as water depth, ocean current, ocean current, temperature, salinity, geology, geomorphology and geomagnetism according to the needs of editing ocean atlas such as charts, navigation guides and ocean tide tables. For example, Wilkes in the United States and the comet in the Federal Republic of Germany.

② Marine physical survey ship. The main task is to investigate and experimentally study the physical characteristics of the ocean, such as acoustics and optics. The special requirement is that the ship must have measures and equipment to prevent earthquake, noise and electromagnetic interference, such as the USS Hayes of the United States and the USS lomonosov of the Soviet Union.

③ Marine meteorological survey vessel. The main task is to observe the meteorological and hydrological elements near the sea surface, high altitude and air-sea interface, broadcast the weather forecast data of ships, and study the air-sea interaction and the fluctuation of the sea weather system. Marine meteorological survey ships are generally large in hull and have strong wind and wave resistance, which can ensure data collection under various bad weather conditions. For example, the Japanese "Kai Feng Wan" and the Soviet "Ocean". A small number of meteorological survey vessels are arranged by the World Meteorological Organization as offshore observation stations for long-term regular observation, and the obtained data are reported in time according to regulations, so as to participate in international exchanges and serve the global weather forecast. This kind of marine meteorological survey ship is commonly known as "meteorological ship".

④ Marine geophysical survey ship. The main task is to study the sediments and structure of the seabed and evaluate the reserves of seabed mineral resources through geophysical exploration and sampling analysis. For example, Bering Maru in Japan and Surveyor in the United States. This professional survey ship is generally small, but it is equipped with sophisticated seismic, geomagnetic and gravity detection instruments and accurate navigation and positioning systems.

⑤ Marine fishery survey ship. The main task is to investigate fishery biology and fishery environment, and study the quantitative change of fishery resources and the formation law of fishing grounds. For example, "M Freeman" in America and "Chaoyang Pill" in Japan. The ship is equipped with various detection and trial fishing tools, as well as instruments and equipment for marine environmental investigation.

Special marine survey ship: a survey ship with special structure specially built to solve a certain task. At present, the most striking are:

(1) the universe survey ship. The main task is to investigate the upper atmosphere, receive signals from space equipment such as satellites or spaceships and issue instructions to solve various problems related to the flight of space equipment. Since 1967, the Soviet Union has built nearly 10 space survey ships to solve the tasks of space communication and space exploration. The largest of them is astronaut ю Gagarin, built in 197 1. It is 235 meters long and 3 1 m wide, with a displacement of 45,000 tons and more than 20 laboratories1m. It is the largest survey ship in the world at present.

② Polar research ship. A survey ship with strong hull, strong ice-breaking ability and good cold-proof performance built to investigate the poles. Since the 1970s, the United States and the Soviet Union have been competing to build. One of the most famous is Polaris built by the United States in 1973. Captain 120m, width 25m, displacement 13 100t, which can break through 6m thick ice. Secondly, the "M. Samoff" built by the Soviet Union in 1975 can break through the ice layer with a thickness of 1.7 meters.

③ Deep-sea mining drilling ship. The American Gloma Explorer with a displacement of 35,000 tons was built in 1974 for experimental mining of manganese nodules on the seabed. This ship has many functions, such as seabed mining, salvage, submarine pipeline laying, marine survey and so on. Now it is used for trial mining of deep-sea manganese nodules and deep-sea drilling.