Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - When will the Shenzhou-9 astronauts return to Earth after completing the docking mission?
When will the Shenzhou-9 astronauts return to Earth after completing the docking mission?
Chinese name: Shenzhou-9 spacecraft
Abbreviation: Shenjiu
Launch vehicle: Long March II F launch vehicle.
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Launch date: 2065438+June 02,65438+June 06 18: 37: 24.
Number of passengers: 2 males 1 female.
Astronauts of Shenzhou-9 spacecraft
King Liu Yang (female)
catalogue
The launch was successful.
Preparation before launch
Preparation of weather forecast and weather test before launch in summer
Influence of solar storm and its countermeasures
New generation weather forecast system
strong function
Overview of technical improvement
Manual rendezvous and docking system
Space medical space experiment system
Health maintenance and guarantee technology
Other improvements
delegation
Future goals
Start planning time
work
The tasks and requirements of astronauts are accurate.
length of residence
Selection requirements
Female choice
The goddess introduced Liu Yang.
Wang Yaping
Carrying live butterflies for the first time
Shenjiu launches a watch 1.
Aspect 2
The "pocket" of the space hospital is not simple.
Materials are the key.
Design fee consideration
Four highlights of Shenjiu's launch
Determine astronaut Jing Haipeng
Liu Wang
Liu Yang
Docking with the heavenly palace, changing tracks
The launch was successful.
Preparation before launch
Preparation of weather forecast and weather test before launch in summer
Influence of solar storm and its countermeasures
New generation weather forecast system
strong function
Overview of technical improvement
Manual rendezvous and docking system
Space medical space experiment system
Health maintenance and guarantee technology
Other improvements
delegation
Future goals
Start planning time
work
The tasks and requirements of astronauts are accurate.
length of residence
Selection requirements
Female choice
Fairy introduction
Liu and Yaping launched the living butterfly nine for the first time.
Watch 1 Watch 2 Space Hospital
"Pocket" is not a simple material, which is the key design cost. Considering the four highlights of Shenjiu launch, determine the astronauts.
Jing Haipeng Liu Wang Liu Yang docked with Tiangong.
Orbit change and expansion editing this part of the launch.
Successful launch
20 12 June 16 June 18: 37 and 2 1 sec, rocket ignition. [1]1In June 6, the rocket was launched at 18: 37: 24. [ 1]
Shenzhou-9 spacecraft blasted off (24 pieces) 18: 40, the escape tower was separated, the booster was separated, and the first and second stages of the rocket were separated. [1] 18: 4 1, Jiuquan booster separation, fairing separation, Weinan USB radar found the target. [1] 18: 42, twin-city fairing, Jiuquan fairing and Dongfeng fairing. [1] 18: 43, Weinan spacecraft captured in both directions, and Qingdao USB radar found the target remotely. [1] 18:47, separation of ship and arrow. [1] 18:50, the solar panels are deployed normally and the cockpit environment is normal. At [1] 18, the relay antenna is deployed normally. [1] 18:55, Beijing real-time orbit monitoring judges that Shenzhou-9 spacecraft has entered the perigee altitude of 200 kilometers and the apogee altitude of 330 kilometers, entered the scheduled orbit, the solar panels are unfolded, and the astronauts' flight crew is in good condition. [1] 18: 57, Chang Wanquan announced that the launch of Shenzhou 9 was a complete success! [1] This is the165th launch of the Long March rocket and the fourth manned flight of shenzhou spaceship. [2-3]
Preparation before launch
In the first stage, on April 9, 20 12, Shenzhou-9 spacecraft passed the factory test and arrived at Jiuquan Space Launch Site. [4] On May 9, 2065438+02, the Long March II F carrier rocket used to launch the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft passed by.
Shenzhou-9 entered the launch tower (16 pieces) factory for evaluation, and arrived at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on the 9th to carry out various test preparations at the launch site. [5] From May 1 1 to June 6, the rocket state recovery, hoisting and docking, overall inspection and testing, and the testing and installation of initiating explosive devices were completed; The escape tower enters the site and completes the technical preparation. On June 3, the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft completed the fastening work. [4] On June 7th, the hull assembly was transported to the vertical assembly test workshop and docked with the rocket. On June 7, the improved Chang-2 F rocket installed an escape tower. On June 8, the rocket completed all preparations for the technical area. [4] In the third stage, on June 9, 20 12, China's first manned rendezvous and docking mission was carried out, and Shenzhou 9 flew to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
The combination of the ship and the Long March 2F remote nine rocket has been vertically transported from the technical area of the manned space launch site of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to the launch area. It marks that the manned rendezvous and docking mission of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-9 has entered the final preparation stage. [4] In the fourth stage, in June 12, 20 12, "Shenjiu" completed the whole system joint exercise. 201June 13, the last inspection shall be completed before launch. The inspection results show that the spacecraft system, rocket system and launch site system are all normal and good. The next step will be to add rockets. Now it is getting closer and closer to the rendezvous and docking of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-9 manned space, and all the work is being carried out in an orderly manner. The astronauts' drinking water and food have been loaded into the spacecraft. [6] On June 20th12nd13rd, the Shenzhou-9 mission officially entered the rocket refueling preparation stage and completed the last inspection before launch.
The staff of the ground equipment technical room of the test station conducted the last simulated refueling drill. Although the testing of rockets and spacecraft has basically ended, the work on the launch tower seems to be not as tense as expected. Just in the underground of the launch site, a large amount of data is transmitted from the launch tower to the command and control hall through optical cables. Some staff members of the rocket system also stick to the tower and cooperate with the filling staff to lay pipelines to prepare for the formal filling in the later period. [6] 2065438+On June, 2002 14, major systems carrying out the manned rendezvous and docking mission of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-9 conducted a joint exercise at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The joint exercise started three hours before the launch, and all astronauts, launch sites, manned spacecraft, launch vehicles and TT&C communication systems participated. According to the actual situation in the launching process, from comprehensive information inspection, rocket ignition, booster separation to the final separation of ship and arrow, the commander's password is accurate and the technicians are skilled. This exercise focused on checking and confirming the launch process, the coordination between systems, the correctness of the hardware and software status of participating systems, and the consistency of information receiving and sending, and achieved the expected goal. The astronauts are in good condition and have the conditions to perform their tasks. [7] A spokesman for China's manned spaceflight project announced on June 5, 20 12 that male astronauts Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang and female astronaut Liu Yang of the Astronaut Brigade of the China People's Liberation Army formed a flight crew to carry out the manned rendezvous and docking mission. According to the calculation of Tiangong-1 orbit, Shenzhou-9 spacecraft will be launched on June 6 18: 37 and 3 1 sec. The theoretical emission error time is 10 second. /kloc-on the afternoon of 0/5, the Long March II F Yaojiu rocket will begin to add propellant. At present, the launch site and various systems in the whole region are ready, and the astronauts' flight crew is psychologically stable and in good condition, and various preparations are being made before the expedition. [8-9]
Edit the weather forecast and preparation of this section.
Summer launch faces weather test
China's manned space launch is mostly carried out in autumn and winter, and Shenzhou-9 spacecraft is launched in summer. Experts said that the launch will face the test of weather conditions such as lightning and temperature. Li Xingdong, director of the Meteorological Office of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, said that among several meteorological conditions that may interfere with manned space launch, such as lightning, strong wind, precipitation and electric field intensity, lightning has the greatest impact. The meteorological data of 30 years from 198 1 to 20 1 1 show that there is basically no lightning in the launch site in autumn and winter, and the frequency of lightning in summer is about 2.6 times per month. For this seemingly insignificant figure, Li Xingdong explained that although this kind of minimum probability weather does not occur frequently, it may have disastrous consequences, and it is an internationally recognized field that is difficult to make accurate forecasts. With the help of modern observation technology and numerical forecasting technology, nearly 30 forecasters are doing their best to make an accurate forecast of the weather conditions in the launch window of Shenzhou-9, providing reference for the launch. In addition, temperature is also an important factor in space launch. Rocket propellant may vaporize when the temperature is too high, solidify when the temperature is too low, and even cause some parts to fail. Rocket system experts said that before the Shenjiu rocket was fueled, the warehouse where the propellant was stored would be cooled down, effectively reducing the initial temperature of the fuel injected into the rocket. After filling, the temperature of the rocket is not easy to rise suddenly when the fuel quantity is huge and the rocket body is surrounded by the tower. Even in an emergency situation where the temperature rises sharply, displacement can be used to reduce the overall temperature of the propellant. 1June, 1997, on the eve of the launch of Fengyun-2 meteorological satellite by Long March III rocket, the temperature in xichang satellite launch center rose, and the staff took various measures to cool the rocket, even covered it with ice. Before the launch of Shenzhou IV on February 30, 2002, the temperature in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center once dropped to minus 29 degrees Celsius, and quilts were used to keep the rocket warm [10].
Influence of solar storm and its countermeasures
Some scientists predict that solar storms will peak in 20 12 and 20 13 years. Jiao Weixin said that the key to prevent the impact of solar storms on space activities is to make a good forecast. He introduced that solar storms are generally accompanied by flare explosions, which can gather the ionosphere in a short time and affect spacecraft communication. At this time, the communication frequency can be changed, and in severe cases, important operations can be suspended to avoid launching and orbit change, so as not to cause great impact. It is understood that the Space Environment Research and Forecast Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences forecasts the solar activity every day and provides it to the Beijing Flight Control Center in time, and the Beijing Flight Control Center makes timely adjustments to the "Tiangong" accordingly. "This is called space weather forecast. The National Meteorological Administration, the Center for Space Science and Applied Research, and the national communications department are all doing it. There are corresponding plans according to different situations. Although it is not 100% effective, it is basically effective. " Jiao Weixin said.
New generation weather forecast system
The launch and recovery mission of Shenzhou-9 spacecraft adopts a new generation of numerical weather forecasting system independently developed by China. The new generation numerical weather forecast system is the most advanced numerical weather forecast system with the highest resolution and the longest forecast time in China. It has the function of issuing global medium-term weather forecast by using global meteorological observation data, and the forecast time limit is advanced from five days to eight days, which ensures the refinement and accuracy are also significantly improved. The new generation numerical weather forecast system passed the appraisal in February, 2065. Wang, head of the meteorological support expert group of Shenzhou-9 mission and chief engineer of the Meteorological Hydrological Space Meteorological Station of the General Staff, believes that the new system will play an important role in key nodes such as rocket fuel filling, spacecraft launch and return, and manned rendezvous and docking. [ 1 1]
Edit the main functions of this paragraph
First, it was used as a cargo ship. Used to transport water, food, propellant and test equipment. Second, it is used as an emergency escape boat (lifeboat). Third, carry out manned space docking.
Edit this paragraph for technical improvement.
abstract
Compared with the previous spacecraft, the main changes of Shenzhou-8, Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-10, which are called "improved" spacecraft, are as follows: rendezvous and docking related equipment are installed, the orbital module of the spacecraft has a front hatch cover, the computer function of data management and control is more powerful, the power generation efficiency of solar panels is higher, and the reliability and safety of the recovery module have been redesigned. In addition, the environmental design inside the spacecraft is more humanized and pleasant. [ 12]
Manual rendezvous and docking system
Schematic diagram of manual rendezvous and docking control mode, control mechanism and internal structure of Shenzhou-9 and Tiangong-1 astronaut systems.
The interface is more in line with people's psychological and physiological characteristics and cognitive characteristics. Manual rendezvous and docking simulation equipment can realistically reflect the procedures, ways and methods of manual rendezvous and docking. [13] It is equipped with rendezvous and docking related equipment, such as docking mechanism and rendezvous and docking sensor. The orbital module of the spacecraft has a front hatch, which astronauts can open to enter the Tiangong-1 target aircraft. [ 12]
Space medical space experiment system
The astronaut system has added physiological monitoring indicators and set up more than 20 medical programs. Once there is a problem, it can coordinate the heavens and the earth and support quickly to ensure the astronauts' good physical condition during the flight. In case of emergency, it will be handled in time. [ 13]
Health maintenance and guarantee technology
Through special design, astronauts can have good psychological support, reasonable nutrition supply, reasonable work and rest system design and related entertainment life during long-term flight. Considering the eating habits of China people, Chinese food is the main food, and there will be 50 kinds of food in five categories. Astronauts can eat hot delicious food in the sky and rotate every four days. Set up private space for female astronauts and increase food suitable for women. According to the female astronaut's body structure, including thin body, the design of the space suit in the cabin was adjusted. The underwear inside the spacesuit has been adjusted to meet the characteristics of women. [ 13]
Other improvements
The computer for data management and control is more powerful, and the efficiency of solar array power generation is higher. The reliability and safety of the recovery module were redesigned to further ensure the astronauts' return safety. In addition, the environmental design inside the spacecraft is more humanized and pleasant. The orbital module and the return module leave more space for astronauts, which is convenient for astronauts' internal layout, decoration, signs and power-assisted devices to be more tidy and standardized. [ 12]
Edit this mission
A spokesman for China's manned spaceflight project announced at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 5438+05 that the Shenzhou-9 manned spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at June 16 18: 37 Beijing time, as decided by the General Command of the manned rendezvous and docking mission between Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-9. China People's Liberation Army astronaut brigade male astronauts Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang and female astronaut Liu Yang formed the "Shenzhou 9" flight crew to carry out China's first manned rendezvous and docking mission. This mission will verify the manual rendezvous and docking technology for the first time and further verify the automatic rendezvous and docking technology. At the same time, it will fully verify the function and performance of the target aircraft to support the life and work of astronauts, as well as the combination management technology, realize the round-trip transportation and replenishment of personnel and materials of the on-orbit aircraft for the first time, and carry out aerospace medical experiments and related key technology experiments. Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center has started 24-hour uninterrupted meteorological monitoring in recent days, and conducted system-wide launch drills and joint drills in the whole region to ensure the smooth launch of Shenzhou-9. However, at present, the attitude control of Tiangong-1 in orbit is stable, the sun flips normally and it is in good condition. All indicators meet the requirements of astronauts' entry conditions and rendezvous and docking conditions. 15, afternoon 17: 30, the Long March II F Yaojiu launch vehicle, which undertook the launch mission of Shenzhou-9 spacecraft, began to be filled with propellant, and the launch of Shenzhou-9 entered an irreversible state. At present, the launch site and various systems in the whole region are ready, and the astronauts' flight crew is psychologically stable and in good condition, and various preparations are being made before the expedition. [14] detailed explanation of mission flight procedures: two docking will be completed. According to the flight plan published by China Manned Space Engineering Office, the flight crew of Shenzhou-9 manned spacecraft consists of three astronauts, of which 1 is a female astronaut; The spacecraft has been in orbit for more than ten days and plans to rendezvous and dock with Tiangong-1 twice. The first rendezvous and docking was automatic, and the second was manually controlled by astronauts. About 20 days before the launch of the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft, the Tiangong-1 target aircraft began to lower its orbit and adjust its phase, entered a near-circular docking orbit with a height of about 343 kilometers, established a manned environment, and waited for rendezvous and docking with the spacecraft. After the spacecraft was launched into orbit, it automatically rendezvous and docked with the target aircraft according to the predetermined procedure, which is basically the same as the rendezvous and docking of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-8. Shenzhou-9 and Tiangong-1 automatically docked to form a combination. Under the command and support of the ground, the astronauts completed the state setting and inspection of the assembly, opened the doors of each module in turn, and entered the Tiangong-1 experimental module through the docking channel. During the flight of the assembly, the target aircraft is responsible for flight control and the spacecraft is in the docking state. Three astronauts ate in the orbital module of the spacecraft and conducted scientific experiments, technical experiments, exercise and rest in Tiangong-1. The main process of astronauts' manual rendezvous and docking is that three astronauts return to the spacecraft and close the doors of each cabin in turn. The spacecraft was evacuated to a distance of about 400 meters from the target aircraft, then approached the target aircraft autonomously and moored at 140 meters, which was manually controlled by the astronauts. The astronauts aim at the cross target of the target aircraft by operating the attitude and translating the control handle, and control the spacecraft to gradually approach the target aircraft and contact with the docking mechanism to complete the manual rendezvous and docking. Three astronauts re-entered Tiangong-1. Before the spacecraft returned, three astronauts returned to the spacecraft return module. When the two aircrafts are separated, the astronauts manually control the spacecraft to evacuate to140m, and the spacecraft turns to autonomous control and continues to evacuate to a safe distance of 5km. After that, the spacecraft returned to the landing site, and the ground personnel completed the astronaut search and rescue and the return cabin recovery in time; The target aircraft changed orbit to 370 km autonomous flight orbit and turned into long-term in-orbit operation. Compared with the previous three manned flights, the flight crew of Shenzhou-9 mission is characterized by "combination of old and new, cooperation between men and women". First, as an astronaut, Jing Haipeng participated in the mission for the second time; Second, Liu Yang became the first female astronaut in China to take part in manned space flight, and she was also the first astronaut in the second batch of astronauts in China to take part in the mission. The appearance of Liu Yang, the first "goddess", broke the record that China has never had a female astronaut in space, which has attracted the attention of all parties. It is understood that so far, more than 50 female astronauts from seven countries have flown in space. Compared with men, female astronauts have to overcome more difficulties in the sky, but they also have their own unique advantages and significance. The participation of female astronauts in manned space missions can promote the technical development of related flight products and the ground training of female astronauts, accumulate flight experimental data of women in physiology, psychology and space medicine, further expand the social impact of manned space projects and show the good image of Chinese women. In the collective appearance of astronauts on June 5438+05, Liu Yang told the media that although men and women are different, the challenge is the same for every astronaut. Space will not lower the threshold because of the arrival of women, and the space environment will not take special care of women. The Henan girl said that many scientific experiments were arranged for this space flight. After completing the task, she wants to experience the wonderful weightless environment in space as much as possible, appreciate the beautiful earth and see more beautiful homes. According to the physiological characteristics of female astronauts, special measures are taken in medical examination and sports protection, and women's needs are fully considered in flight plan design and life care arrangement to ensure their health. Tiangong-1 target aircraft is also separated from men and women through toilets, and two independent sleeping areas are set up, which fully guarantees the privacy of female astronauts.
- Related articles
- Typhoon season is coming, how to protect yourself from danger?
- What about Yellowstone National Park?
- Slow down for afternoon tea.
- What words are used to describe sunny weather? For example, clear skies in Wan Li.
- Meteorological pressure
- Where is the best hot spring around Wuhan? These must not be missed.
- When is a good time to travel to Phuket? What's delicious in Phuket?
- A chilling copy of the work
- Huaihua Jingzhou weather hot copy
- Ask. . The full text of "The World I Can't Reach" by Pan Ran