Who is proficient in the history of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty?

Brief introduction of emperor Wu of Han dynasty

Liu Che (156 July14 [1]-87 march 29 [2]), the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty, was an emperor, politician, strategist, poet, national hero and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Han nationality. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty is the tenth son of Emperor Wu Liu Qi, the grandson of Emperor Wu Liu Heng, the great-grandson of Emperor Wu Liu Bang and the great-grandson of Emperor Wu Liu Taigong. His mother is Wang Hao. Born in Yaolan Hall in August/KLOC-56 BC, he died in Zuo Wu Palace on March 29th, 87 BC at the age of 70. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty became King Jiaodong at the age of 4, Prince at the age of 7, and ascended the throne at the age of 16. In the fifty-fourth year of his reign (BC 14 1- 87 BC), he established the most brilliant achievements of the Western Han Dynasty. Year of use: Jianyuan, Yuanshuo, Yuanguang, Yuanfeng, Yuanshou, Ding Yuan, Zhenghe, Hou Yuan and Taishi. Posthumous title's "filial piety" was buried in Maoling. The "Law of the Dead" says that "strength means strength, and virtue means martial arts", which means majesty, strength and wisdom, and benevolence means martial arts. His great talent and literary skills made the Han Dynasty the most powerful country in the world at that time, and he became the great emperor in the history of China.

Emperor Wu created six "firsts"; First: the first emperor to unify his thoughts with Confucianism. Second: The first emperor who founded imperial academy to train talents. Third, the first emperor who vigorously expanded the territory of China. Fourth: Open the first emperor of the Western Regions. Fifth: the first emperor to mark the era with the emperor's year number. Sixth: the first emperor to criticize himself in the form of remorse.

As the historical series "Hanwu the Great" said: He built a country with unprecedented dignity; He gave a group the confidence to stand for a long time; His country name has become the eternal name of a great nation.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty founded the title of the year, which was also the first emperor in China to use it. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, he continued the policy of preserving health and helping the people pursued by his father before his death, further weakening the power of the vassal, and promulgated the decree of feudal lords proposed by Minister Zhu, which promoted the enfeoffment of the vassal by the legal system and forced the vassal's fief to shrink itself. At the same time, he set up a secretariat to supervise this place. Militarily and economically, centralization has been strengthened, and private businesses such as iron smelting, salt making and wine making are organized and managed by the central government. At the same time, it is forbidden for vassal States to cast money, so that financial power is concentrated in the central government. He adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", paving the way for Confucianism to become a feudal orthodox position. But in fact, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was never a lack of the concept of the rule of law. At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also used laws and regulations to consolidate the authority of the government and show the status of imperial power. Therefore, sinologists believe that this system should be based on law and supplemented by Confucianism, introducing Confucianism to ordinary people to show the kindness of the government, and at the same time imposing severe criminal laws on ministers within the government. However, advocating Confucianism does not mean abandoning the law, which was still the ultimate ruling method in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The castration of Ji An and Sima Qian, who were actively used at that time, is a famous example.

The Spring Festival began at the beginning of the calendar change and was corrected by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing attacked Xiongnu three times on a large scale, sealing the wolf in a professional position. Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions to open up the Silk Road. Since then, the western regions have become the meeting place of several major civilizations, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has been called the "crown of hundreds of kings".

[Edit this paragraph] Later life

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who knew his destiny, also felt the consequences of his political decision-making mistakes in his later years. After appeasing the refugees and worshiping Tang Ming on Mount Tai, Emperor Wu wrote a letter of guilt in Luntai Palace (not Luntai in Xinjiang): "What I have done since I took the throne has made the world miserable and I can't regret it. Let those who have harmed the people and ruined the world from today! " Admit a mistake. Therefore, the world gradually restored harmony, which laid the foundation for the prosperity of Zhao Xuan and ZTE.

The history book "Imperial edict of internal strife" records: "What I have done since I acceded to the throne has made the world miserable, and I can't regret it. From today on, if there is anything that hurts the people and destroys the world, let it go. It is emphasized that "today's task is to ban violence, stop charity and help farmers." "It's not a question of lack of equipment to fill horses. 」

In 88 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked the painter to draw a picture of the Duke of Zhou returning to the DPRK and gave it to Huo Guang, meaning that Huo Guang assisted his youngest son Liu Fuling as emperor. In order to prevent the young mother of the prince, Mrs Gou Jian, from repeating the mistakes of the weighing system, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made up his mind to find an excuse to execute her. In February 87 BC, Emperor Ding Mao of the Han Dynasty died in Zuo Wu Palace at the age of 70. In March, Shen Jia was buried in Maoling, and the temple was named Sejong.

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In the history of the development of the Chinese nation, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty created several firsts:

Unique respect for Confucianism; Following Dong Zhongshu's advice, he "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", which created the orthodoxy of China's traditional mainstream culture, ruled the traditional cultural stage in China for more than 2,000 years, and was highly praised by the rulers of past dynasties. What I want to explain here is that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not restrict the development of other schools, which led to the development of Confucianism and the vigorous promotion of the combination of Confucianism and law. For example, Xiahou Shichang studied Confucianism and was familiar with Yin-Yang and Five Elements. The prime minister also ruled Confucianism and Legalism; Zhufuyan started as a strategist; Sima Qian, a loyal Ji 'an Sima Tan, started from the theory of Huang Lao.

Second, establish China and North Korea to contain foreign countries;

During the reign of Huiwenjing, the prime minister treated each other with courtesy, and Emperor Wu was at odds with the prime minister. In order to carry out their own orders, China and Korea were established, and Shangshutai also appeared during this period.

3. Establish the year number;

The year number used by the first emperor in China history. In 1 13 BC, Liang Wudi took that year as four years of Ding Yuan, and later changed it to Jianyuan, Yuanguang and Yuanshou, with the annual title of six years.

Change the calendar at the beginning of the fourth year;

In the first year of Taichu (before 104), taichu calendar was changed, with the first month as the beginning of the year, and the color was yellow.

Wuyan Tieguanying;

The salt and iron official camp has continued since the Han Dynasty. Today, salt and iron tea is still mainly controlled by the government and state-owned enterprises.

Western Liu Tong;

China has spread the technologies of smelting iron, sinking wells, making silk and lacquerware, and introduced Cucurbita pepo, carrot, grape, blood horse, walnut and gastrodia elata from the west, which is of great historical significance.

Seven, open up territory.

Northwest: Huo Qubing, Wei Qing, Li Guangli, Zhang Qian, Western Army and others made unremitting efforts. The Western Regions were closely linked with China for the first time, which laid the foundation for the later incorporation of the Western Regions into Chinese territory.

Southwest China: The successive appearance of emissaries made the southwest border merged into Chinese territory for the first time.

North: Wei Qubing's attack made northern Xinjiang stable for a long time and protected the stability of the capital.

[Edit this paragraph] Great unification measures

At the beginning of Liang Wudi's accession to the throne, on the one hand, the political situation was relatively stable, and the national economic situation was quite good. On the other hand, the separatist factors of vassal States still exist, and the potential threat is not small. Therefore, while continuing to implement various policies of Jingdi, he adopted a series of measures to strengthen centralization.

Politics: In politics, Zhu's suggestion was adopted and an "Enzhi" was promulgated, which weakened the power of enfeoffment of vassal states in the early Han Dynasty and strengthened the supervision system. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also made innovations, including the right to receive photos, the establishment of secretariat, the establishment of a clean government system and other major reforms and innovations. This legal tradition became the basic paradigm of China's imperial system in the next two thousand years. ?

Military and foreign friendship: militarily, it is mainly to concentrate military forces and enrich the central military forces; Reform the military system. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to attack the Huns, which made the northern border counties stable, and Zhang Qian was sent to the western regions, which opened up the land supply channel connecting the western regions and even Central Asia in the northwest frontier.

Economy: in the economic aspect, we should pay more attention to agriculture than commerce, rectify our finances, issue "accounting" and "warning" orders, levy a merchant asset tax, and vigorously crack down on profiteers; Sang Hongyang suggested that iron smelting and salt boiling should be taken back from the official camp, and counties and States should be prohibited from casting money, and five baht should be cast in a unified way; The establishment of leveling officials and loss-sharing officials, as well as the government's management of transportation and trade, have greatly enhanced the country's economic strength. At the same time, building water conservancy projects, emigrating to the northwest and implementing the "land substitution law" are conducive to the development of agricultural production. Another important measure in the economy was to unify the currency at that time.

Thought: Ideologically, Dong Zhongshu's suggestion was adopted, and Confucianism became the dominant thought in China society, vigorously promoted Confucianism, and established imperial academy in Chang 'an. Confucianism became the orthodox thought of China's feudal rule, which lasted for more than two thousand years and had a far-reaching impact on the politics, society and culture of China in later generations.

Personnel: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also attached great importance to the development of talents. He established an inspection and evaluation system, which is the origin of China's systematic talent selection system and has a great influence on later generations.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty conducted the first population statistics in human history.

Significance: The Western Han Dynasty entered its heyday, which was also the first heyday of China's feudal era.

[Edit this paragraph] Foreign relations

Launch a war against the Huns.

On the one hand, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ended the pro-Xiongnu policy since the Battle of Mayi in 133 and began to formally declare war on Xiongnu. Li Guang, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to conquer the Xiongnu, relieve the Xiongnu threat, recover the Hetao and Hexi Corridor, expand the territory of the western regions, put the Xiongnu in a passive position, and ensure the economic and cultural development of the north.

Send Zhang Qian to the Western Regions.

While waging war against Xiongnu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, which opened up the famous Silk Road, further strengthened its ties with the Western Regions and developed economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West.

Use troops to the northeast and south to expand the territory.

In Northeast China, the territory of the Han Empire was basically formed by sending troops to destroy Wei's Korea (present-day Korea) and establishing four counties of Le Lang, Xuantu, Lintun and Fan Zhen.

At the same time, Yelang and Nanyue regimes in the south were attached to the Han Dynasty, and seven counties were established in the southwest, the southernmost of which surpassed Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam today, which also made today's Guangdong and Guangxi regions return to Chinese territory after the Qin Dynasty.

result

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used troops to crusade against Xiongnu and the Western Regions for years, and because of his profligacy in meditation and worship of gods and immortals, he aggravated the corvee and increased taxes, which led to a large number of peasants going bankrupt and exiled. In the second year of Tian Han (the first 99 years), peasant uprisings of different scales broke out in Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Nanyang. However, the attack on Xiongnu made Xiongnu unable to resist the Western Han government and ensured the security of the northern border counties and even the whole country.

[Edit this paragraph] Personal life

The queen's child

queen

Filial Empress Chen, her father Tang, and her mother Liu Pu all lived in princess royal House, and they all had no children, and they were later deposed.

Wei Zifu, the queen of Wei, was later deposed. Herry Liu, Wei princess royal, Shiyi Princess and Princess were born after Emperor Gaozu was renamed Xiaowu Weisi.

Empress Li, born in, was made the filial piety queen by Huo Guang, and she is my sister.

Empress Dowager Zhao Zhao Jieyu, formerly known as Liu Fuling, was the emperor of the Han Dynasty.

imperial concubine

Mrs. Wang gave birth to the peace of Qi.

Mrs. Yin Yin Jieyu

Mrs. Xing, Xing Di 'e

Li Ji was born in princess royal, Liu Dan and Liu Xu.

A family was born in Angongzhu.

son

The eldest sons, Wei Zifu and Liu Yuxin, and his mother.

The second queen-Wei Zifu's second son, Qi Wanghuai, the wife of Liu Hong's mother, was founded six years ago. She is driving at the age of 18.

Li Ji, the mother of Liu Dan, the third son of King Yan La.

Liu Xu, the fourth son of Guangling Li Wang (contemporary with Wang Qihuai Liu Hong)

Li Fu, the mother of Liu Bo, the fifth son of Changyi, was born in Tianhan for four years (her son Liu He was emperor for 27 days).

The wife of Han's sixth son died after thirteen years in office at the age of 2 1.

daughter

Due to the unknown historical records, the daughters of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not have a clear order.

Gay princess royal (princess royal, Iraq)

Wei princess royal (Princess Dangli) is the eldest daughter of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and the favorite daughter of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

In order to live forever, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent people to visit alchemists everywhere. Luanda, the most famous alchemist, is called General Li Wu, General Heaven, General Tun and Hou. "Give De a thousand men, take advantage of the rest, and punish the horses and chariots." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also married Wei princess royal to him (Wei princess royal originally married Cao Xiang, the son of Cao Shou, probably because her husband died early and later married Luan Da). Later, Emperor Wu discovered Luan. Since then, Wei princess royal's deeds have never seen historical materials. I only know that her son Cao Zong was killed in the "witch disaster". By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, her grandson Cao resumed the title of Liehou, which lasted until the Eastern Han Dynasty. The occurrence of "Witch Curse" began with two sisters and princesses of Wei princess royal.

In the second year of Zhenghe (before 9 1), it was reported that the son of Prime Minister Gong Sunhe, Gong Sunjing, was having an affair, sent people to curse Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty with witchcraft, and buried a puppet in Ganquan Gongchi Road, where Emperor Wu often passed. This curse is very vicious. So Gong Sunhe and his son died in prison and the whole family was executed. A few months later, both Yang Shi Princess and Princess Zhu Yi were executed for witchcraft.

Sima Zhen, Princess Shiyi, thinks that Princess Shiyi is one of Wei Zifu's three daughters, and the other two are Wei princess royal and Princess respectively.

Yang Shi Princess's only record is "The Curse of Witchcraft". Historical records and Hanshu only said that she was the emperor's daughter, but did not account for her mother's identity. Because she and Princess Zhu Yi were executed for witchcraft at the same time, some annotations now regard her as Wei Zifu's daughter.

Princess Zhu Yi

Princess Yi 'an married Princess Zhao Pingjun, the sister of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

In the Han Dynasty, only the daughters of the Empress have special records, and whether Emperor Wudi had other daughters remains to be verified.

[Edit this paragraph] Related audio and video

Year number list

BC 140 to BC 135.

BC 134 to BC 129.

BC 128-BC 123 years

Before yuanshou 122-yuanshou 1 17 years.

Money 1 16- money 1 1 year.

Yuan Fengqian 1 10 year-Yuan Fengqian 105 year.

Early 104- early 10 1 year.

BC 100 to 97 BC

96 years before the start.-93 years before the start.

The first 92 years-the first 89 years.

88 BC to 87 BC

Biography "Historical Records of Filial Piety"

Han Shu invincible chicken

Strong martial arts?

Liu Che was the first emperor to open up territory in China.

Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established the Qin Dynasty. However, the territory of the Qin Empire is only half that of the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty fought against Xiongnu for 44 years, and his martial arts was unprecedented among emperors in China.

In the first year of Jianyuan (BC 140), Emperor Wu was in office. At that time, the Huns were arrogant and the western regions were mysterious.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty must not tolerate "pro-diplomacy" for his father, and submit to humiliation in exchange for short-term peace. He has sufficient financial and human resources, persistent ambition and ambition to conquer and explore.

In the second year of Emperor Wu's accession to the throne (before Jianyuan 139), Zhang Qian was sent to Dayue's family, hoping to form a strategic alliance with Xiongnu, compress its living space and realize the strategic encirclement of Xiongnu. The emperor who was only 18 years old had such a vision. Who can compare with him in all dynasties? Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions opened up the eternal Silk Road and promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West. The influence of the Han Dynasty regime in the Central Plains extended to today's western Xinjiang.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne for eight years (the second year of Yuanguang 133). Emperor Wu plotted to go to Xiongnu for the first time and lost the battle of Mayi. However, the short-term defeat did not affect the lofty sentiments of the 24-year-old son of heaven. On the contrary, it prompted Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to make up his mind and resolutely abandon the pro-China policy implemented by the Han Dynasty for nearly 70 years and attack the Huns with all his strength! Change the peace system into a war system, abandon the ancestral system and start a realistic system. The courage and courage in it are amazing!

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once said in an imperial edict of seeking sages: If Gai has extraordinary merits, he must treat extraordinary people. This ambitious and earnest imperial edict was included in Selected Works of Xiao Tong, which has been told by heroes and heroes for thousands of years and sung by people with lofty ideals. At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took this as the way to "recruit talents from all over the world". It is more appropriate to review the merits and demerits of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty today. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made extraordinary contributions because he was an extraordinary person!

According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of General Wei, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had planned to personally teach Huo Qubing the Art of War (Sun Wu's Art of War, the son of heaven wanted to teach it). Although Huo Qubing has never studied it, it can be seen that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is well versed in the art of war, which is the basis for him to become an outstanding strategic strategist.

When it comes to the military campaigns of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, people often call them Wei Qing, Huo Qubing and Li Guang. No one noticed that behind the brilliant generals and commanders, they were far above the temple, comparable to the supreme commander of Alexander, Caesar and Napoleon in the west-Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

At that time, Emperor Wudi was determined to change the patriarchal clan system and wage war against Hungary. Ji An and other former ministers, Gong, Zhufuyan and other contemporary cutting-edge, all sing the opposite. Few ministers responded and lost the first battle, but the young commander-in-chief remained unmoved. After that, the three major battles of Henan, Monan, Mobei and Xiongnu were decided and deployed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. As for the specific time, place, deployment and direction of the attack, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty considered everything.

At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pointed his sword to the east, south, southeast and northeast, making the influence of the Han Dynasty reach Central Asia in the west, Yunguichuan in the southwest, Heijiliao in the northeast and Hainan and Fujian in the south, which outlined the basic framework of the territory of modern China.

But after 44 years of protracted war, money and people were wasted. Sima Qian's military diplomacy strategy towards Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty is also very contradictory. Historical Records Biography of Xiongnu is the first history of ethnic minorities in China. Sima Qian made a biography of Xiongnu, regarded Xiongnu as one of the descendants of China, and expressed his position on the nature of the war: it was a tragedy within the Chinese nation, and the war cost both sides a high price.

Although the Han empire at that time could not form a unified multi-ethnic background, the best way for the two peoples should also be to live in peace. Unfortunately, in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the policy of kissing had reached a dead end, and it was understandable that Sima Qian had to use soldiers to deal with Hungary. As the battle line grew longer and longer, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty occasionally made mistakes, and Sima Qian was also saddened.

In order to pamper Li Furen, Emperor Wu appointed Li Guangli as the second general, led tens of thousands of people to crusade against Dawan, but envied his bloody BMW. After two years of fighting, the army lost eight tenths. So rash, it can be said that you are indifferent to human life!

I want Hou Chong to serve me and worship Li Guangli as the general of the Second Division. There are 6,000 riders in the country and tens of thousands of evil teenagers in the county. In the past, they cut ten thousand. Period to the second division city, take a good horse, so no.2 division general.

Time is a good medicine for healing wounds. In peacetime, man can conquer nature, and we have long been unable to observe the pain caused by war; Therefore, today's evaluation is more rational than perceptual. More than 2,000 years ago, Sima Qian, together with the people all over the world, witnessed the ruins of his home and endured watching his peers become new ghosts. The conscience of a generation of historians makes it impossible for Sima Qian to be indifferent to the dangers of war, and it is bound to criticize Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for years of war, leading to the decline of people's livelihood.

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[Edit this paragraph] Eternal civilization?

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to unify China's ideology and culture with Confucianism.

It is easy to unify the country, but difficult to unite people. Qin Huang and Wu Han have a deep understanding of Samadhi. Qin Shihuang "burned books to bury Confucianism" and Han Wudi "respected Confucianism alone".

Before Dou Taihou's death, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a doctor of the Five Classics to lay the foundation for respecting Confucianism. At the beginning of Emperor Wudi's accession to the throne, he couldn't wait. The whole country recommended sages and dared to speak and remonstrate. Dong Zhongshu, a lonely scholar, stands out from the crowd with the three strategies of heaven and man. Since then, Confucianism, originally a folk school, has been designated as the official thought, which is closely related to politics and imperial power.

On this basis, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established imperial academy and after having obtained the provincial examination, established the system of recommending talents, and formed a unique civil service system in China. From Qin dynasty to the early Han dynasty, the military system was adopted to select talents; In the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was gradually changed into a recording system, which fundamentally solved the shortage of great talents.

Wen Jing worships Huang Lao, is generous, and condescends to rule; On the other hand, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty rebelled against the laws laid down by his ancestors, respected Confucianism and suppressed officials, imitated his family background, severely punished corrupt officials, and was overbearing. Among them, respecting Confucianism and promoting religion was the first in imperial academy, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations. If not, why did Confucianism become "teaching"? If not, why did Chinese civilization survive? If this is not the case, how can learning well and being an official be reflected?

However, many people in later generations hated the three strategies of heaven and man, and their criticism was not unreasonable.

Confucian attitude towards China politics: people-oriented, people-oriented, monarch-oriented and country-oriented. The knife cuts bread and fingers. "Respecting Confucianism alone" lets people know what a courtier should do, such as courtesy, education and loyalty to the country. Confucian views on the quality of talents are: poor people are immune to it, while good people help the world. Confucianism regards morality as the standard to measure a person's quality and politics as the way to realize the value of life. In the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the corresponding Confucian internal ruling thought was centralization. Qin Shihuang created a centralized political system; However, the Qin dynasty was short-lived and failed to design a set of ruling policies. In the Western Han Dynasty, by the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the separatist forces of governors were completely eliminated and the central political power was consolidated.

In this regard, Sima Qian praised the festival! In Huainan Hengshan Biography, Tai Shigong said:

Hengshan, Huainan, flesh and blood, with a territory of thousands of miles, is listed as a vassal. Don't obey a fan's official position to support the son of heaven, just rely on circuitous strategies to resist, and still father and son will die again, each with his own death, laughing at the world.

Qin Xingjun, neither a king nor a vassal, is a real feudal social politics. Liu Bangjian Han, the first king with a different surname, was later named Wang with the same surname. Judging from the development of the political system, it is undoubtedly a social retrogression. As a result, Lv Hou sealed Zhulv, which eventually led to great disaster. Therefore, until the King Jing Dynasty, there was a Seven-State Rebellion with Wu Chu. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded Qin Shihuang and went to various counties to implement state laws and regulations. After the Han Dynasty for 400 years, although there were consorts and henchmen, there was no trouble as a buffer region.

Not only that, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty explored many ways to strengthen centralization, and cracking down on powerful people with cruel officials was one of his great efforts.

It is imperative to crack down on lawless strongmen and corrupt officials. However, the extreme politics of cruel officials will inevitably bring various sequelae.

Sima Qian is blunt about this: he likes fighting and threatening others, but he doesn't love others so much. The son of heaven heard about it and thought it was ok, so he was moved to lieutenant.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty greatly praised such a murderer, promoted him to the rank of lieutenant, and gave him more power of life and death. Can Sima Qian, who suffered from castration and cruel officials, not criticize?

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[Edit this paragraph] Are there different opinions?

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to criticize himself with "remorse".

In the fourth year (the first 89 years), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty declared to the world that he had caused suffering to the people, and he would never resort to war, waste people's money or even express his inner remorse. This is the "guilt on the wheel platform". This imperial edict is the first imperial edict in the history of China.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was undoubtedly the first person who dared to abandon himself and put himself at the center of world public opinion! At this point, the emperors of later generations made a big mistake, and they also "blamed themselves" and publicly admitted their mistakes, showing the attitude of a wise monarch.

Ji An, an outspoken critic, once criticized Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: The emperor killed too many people, even those he trusted on weekdays, and he would not forgive them. At this rate, all the talents in the world will be killed sooner or later. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was unmoved and smiled indifferently: There are no talents in the world, but the master has no eye for talents. If you can identify talents, why worry about the lack of talents in the world? It is often not enough to recruit a scholar-bureaucrat. However, the nature is severe. Although ministers always love believers, they may break the law or bully them. They need to punish them. Ji An remonstrated, saying, "Your majesty has been killed because he has been diligent in seeking talents and failed to make good use of them. The number of people is limited, and I am afraid that all the talents in the world will be used up. Who makes your majesty rule * * *? The dark word is very angry. He smiled and said, Why is there no talent? Ears that the patient can't know. If you can know, why is there no one? The so-called talents are still useful tools, but he refuses to use them all. Without talent, why not kill people? )

It is such a Han Wudi who treats talents like dirt. On the one hand, he cherishes talents extremely.

Under the feudal autocratic system, there are two bad habits in the use of talents: one is cronyism, and only those who are familiar with their cronies are used; Second, when it comes to seniority, we must follow the "thirty-nine steps" and climb up one level at a time, and we must not "mess up" the rules. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty will not be ruined by words: as long as he is talented, his father Yan holds different political views, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is still thirsty for talents; 2. Dare to be promoted by exception: Because of his ability, Wei Qing was born a slave, and Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was promoted by exception.

Not only that, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty even abandoned orthodoxy, tolerated all kinds of people, and discovered Dong Fangshuo with one eye, turning the solemn court into a lounge full of warmth and happiness, and the monarch and his subjects were like playmates; At the same time, he didn't lose his principle because of rude remarks, but praised Dong Fangshuo's slanderers and obeyed his orders.

When he first read the myth, he was very admired. Know the author Sima Xiangru. If you get the treasure, let him enjoy the same writing treatment as himself. Being able to recognize, tolerate and employ people, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is unique throughout the ages. Both Qin Shihuang and Emperor Gaozu regarded literati as corrupt scholars, while Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty may know people, but after all, they are not generous enough.

One mistake in his life was to castrate Sima Qian, the greatest historian in China history. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was misunderstood and disputed.

Sima Qian praised him in Historical Records, and Ban Gu's Han Wu Di Ji also praised his literary treatment:

Ban Gu praised: Xiao Wu was first established, deposed a hundred schools, and respected the Six Classics only, so he consulted the sea and made contributions to it. Revitalizing the country's prison, repairing the countryside's worship, correcting the new moon, fixing the year, adjusting the temperament, making fun of poetry, building a temple, worshiping the gods, and ordering articles after Zhou Yan can be described as new ideas. Heirs can follow hongye and have three generations of wind. For example, Liang Wudi is rich in talents, and does not change the gift of mountains and rivers to save the people. Although the poems and books can't be supplemented.

Ban Gu never mentioned the martial arts of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, indicating that he had reservations about the martial arts of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

In Sima Guang's Zi Zhi Tong Jian, there are both praise and criticism:

Guangchen said: filial piety is extravagant, complicated punishment is heavy, palace is extravagant, and foreign affairs are four foreigners. I'm confused. I cruise too much. Few people are different from Qin Shihuang, because they make people tired and become thieves. However, if the Qin Dynasty perishes and the Han Dynasty prospers, filial piety can respect Wang Zhidao first, keep what he knows, and be honest and straightforward. The wicked bully the weak and fear the hard, the wise are tireless and the punishment is severe. It's late. Care about others. Is it because of the loss of Qin and the disaster of Qin?

Why do people have such different views on Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty?

First of all, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is a very multifaceted person. He is a politician with a political mind; But he is also an ordinary person, full of joys and sorrows. He is a wise gentleman and knows his historical responsibility; But he is also a tyrant, fighting willfully; He not only made great contributions to the world, but also brought great disasters to the world. He dotes on the woman he likes, but he not only moved his heart, but also killed the woman he likes for the country. He is extremely clever and extremely confused; I sacrificed tens of thousands of lives for the legendary BMW. When we approach him, we will find that in these opposing roles, he is not simply either one or the other. In a dilemma, when it is very urgent, he will hesitate and even be extremely painful; There are also ordinary people's joys and sorrows, mean calculations, insomnia and anxiety. In the eyes of ordinary people, he is decisive, confident and talented. However, when we make a final decision on him, we often go to extremes and say that it will be a good time; It's hard to write a book if you say something bad. In this way, differences are inevitable.

We can't judge anyone by a single standard. Human nature is complicated, let alone a feudal emperor! Perhaps his kindness is from the heart, or it may be a means to win people's hearts; Maybe his bad behavior is caused by imperial power and he has to do it, or maybe he was born so heartless. Therefore, since we can't get rid of his imperial shackles, our evaluation can only wander between his two identities of emperor and mortal. How did the innocent "son" become a lovely and terrible emperor? How can you say it all in one sentence?

[Edit this paragraph] Textual research on the birth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty

It is clearly written in Hanshu: Emperor Xiao, Zhai Jing Zhongye, and his mother's name is Wang Meiren. Became king of Jiaodong at the age of four. At the age of seven, he was the crown prince and his mother was the queen. Sixteen years old, in the first month of the last three years, Jingdi collapsed. Jingdi collapsed in February 14 1 BC. Based on this calculation, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty should have been born in BC 156 (the ancients counted the nominal age), not BC 157. "Xieji" says: Emperor Wu collapsed at the age of seventy, and Emperor Zhao was eight. The story of Hanwu says: 19 16 The emperor was born in Landian on July 7, which also proves this point. As for Historical Records. It is recorded in "The Family of Concubines" that when this man was in his body, Wang Meiren dreamed of falling into his arms. Tell the prince, the prince said, "This is an expensive tax." Emperor Xiaowen collapsed before he was born, Emperor Xiaojing ascended the throne, and Mr. Xiaowen was born a man. It is entirely possible that Wendi died in July 157 BC and Wudi was born in the following year, so it is certain that Wudi was born in 156 BC.