What measures should sows take to build nests in hot weather?

The influence of high temperature on pigs varies with the age, weight and stage of pigs. Sows are large in size, high in metabolic rate, thick in subcutaneous fat, lacking in functional sweat glands and sensitive to heat stress (primiparous sows are often more prone to heat stress). In the hot summer, pig farms often face a series of problems caused by high temperature, such as the decrease of qualified rate of boar semen, the decrease of conception rate of sows, the decrease of total litter size, the increase of invalid litter size, the increase of dystocia of sows, the decrease of lactation performance of sows and the decrease of weaning weight of piglets, which have caused huge economic losses to pig industry, especially primiparous sows. So, how to do every detail in the work and minimize the loss caused by high temperature? The heatstroke prevention and cooling, nutrition regulation, feeding management and feeding management of pregnant sows and nursing sows are discussed below. Of course, the actual situation of each pig farm is different, and the methods adopted will be different.

1 heatstroke prevention and cooling

When building a pigsty, we should pay attention to the geographical position and direction of the pigsty and the necessary heat insulation measures on the roof, so as to lay a foundation for heatstroke prevention and cooling.

1. 1 Ensure sufficient water supply.

Water plays an important role in heatstroke prevention and cooling. Before entering the summer, the pig farm must confirm whether the water in this site is sufficient and whether the water quality meets the standard.

1.2 sunshade and radiation protection

It is best to do shading measures on both sides of the pigsty to avoid sun exposure and reduce the noise of thermal radiation to pigs. In a pigsty without longitudinal ventilation, we should also pay attention to the coordination of shading and ventilation to avoid paying attention to one thing and losing another.

1.3 ventilation

The closed pigsty can be cooled by a fan and can also be well ventilated. It is best to cooperate with the water curtain cooling system, and pay special attention to the effectiveness of the water curtain, pay attention to the ventilation of the pigsty, and leave no dead ends. Non-enclosed piggery should cooperate with spray cooling and dripping cooling, but attention should be paid to humidity control of piggery.

1.4 air conditioning and refrigeration

If the cost is high, public piggery can be considered, and it can be taken if conditions permit, but attention should be paid to the air quality control of piggery.

2 Nutrition regulation

The hot weather in summer leads to a series of problems, such as the decrease of sow's food intake, the decrease of total intake of energy, protein and amino acids, resulting in insufficient nutrition, which leads to the decline of production performance and sow's health. So we must solve the most basic problem of "eating".

2. 1 Increase dietary concentration

Increasing the nutritional density of diet, especially the concentration of energy and amino acids, is generally faced with the problem of insufficient energy, especially when the intake can not meet the design standards in summer. In summer, the amount of high-energy raw materials such as oil and puffed soybean can be increased to increase the formula energy. However, high-energy oil can inhibit the appetite of sows (the amount of oil added is controlled within 5%), so it is best to increase energy by adding emulsifier, improve the utilization rate of energy feed, and at the same time try to improve the feed intake of sows.

2.2 Provide a diet with low body heat increment

Use more energy raw materials (phospholipids, vegetable oil) with low body heat gain, effectively improve the energy value, and add as few raw materials with high heat gain and low net energy consumption as possible, such as wheat bran.

2.3 Pay attention to the palatability of feed

Pigs have a well-developed sense of smell and are sensitive to moldy and deteriorated feed. Feed contaminated by mold will cause a series of problems such as reduced intake or refusal to eat, or abortion or embryo death after eating. Therefore, when preparing feed, high-quality raw materials should be selected to prevent mycotoxins in feed from endangering the health of pigs. At the same time, attention should be paid to the storage of feed and the hygiene of the trough, and high-quality mycotoxin adsorbent should be added to the slightly polluted raw materials.

In order to increase the palatability and appetite of pigs, organic acidulants, mineral multivitamins and sweeteners can be added to feed to increase the feed intake of pigs. However, attention should be paid to proper addition, and excessive addition may be counterproductive. For example, too much sweetener will affect the feed intake of pigs, and too much mineral will also reduce the palatability of feed.

2.4 Arrange reasonable feeding time and feeding mode.

Feeding time should avoid high temperature, and choosing cool period is helpful to improve feed intake. For some sows with poor feed intake, wet mixing can also effectively improve feed intake.

3 Indoor feeding management

According to the characteristics of pigs at different stages, corresponding management measures should be implemented to do a good job in feed control, vaccine immunization, drug health care and so on.

3. 1 Reduce the pressure coefficient

In summer, vaccine immunization should also avoid high temperature period, and anti-stress work should be done well before vaccination, which can reduce stress and improve immune effect. Reduce column rotation, avoid artificial shock to pigs, and control factors that can cause stress in pigs; Always pay attention to the weather. Before the weather changes, anti-stress work should be done in advance to reduce the impact of weather changes on pigs.

3.2 Provide sufficient water

Provide high quality, clean and sufficient drinking water. The flow rate of the water dispenser is not less than 2 L per minute. The location of the water dispenser should be convenient for sows to drink water, and attention should be paid to the water temperature. The water pipes outside the pigsty should prevent the sun from being exposed to the sun, causing the water temperature to be too high and affecting the drinking water of pigs.

4. Nutritional strategies and management points of pigs at different stages.

4. 1 before pregnancy

Early pregnancy is the stage of meiosis, differentiation and early growth and development of embryonic cells. About 20% ~ 30% of embryos die within 28 d after pregnancy, and high-level feeding after mating usually leads to an increase in embryo mortality. On the second to third day of pregnancy, overfeeding will increase the embryo mortality (it is recommended to control it within 65438±0.8kg), because the feeding level within 72 hours after mating plays a very key role in the embryo survival rate (high energy leads to low progesterone level). Generally speaking, it is suggested that the feed intake of sows should be low (1.6 ~ 2.0 kg) in the first three weeks after pregnancy, and chlamydia and other diseases should be prevented in the early pregnancy to prevent sow abortion.

4.2 Mid-pregnancy

The nutritional requirements in the second trimester of pregnancy are mainly to maintain the moderate weight gain and nutritional reserve of sows. The goal of raising sows in the second trimester of pregnancy is to maintain their physical condition, so that they can gain proper weight and reach the back fat thickness (20 ~ 22 mm) required for delivery. This stage is the key stage to adjust the fat status of sows, so it must be marked for easy adjustment and tracking. The adjustment of fat should be gradual, remember excessive, generally adjust 0.2 ~ 0.3 kg every day. Due to the growth needs of primiparous sows, the medium-term feed intake can be appropriately increased.

4.3 Late pregnancy

When the fetus reaches the maximum development stage, the nutritional needs of sows are also the greatest. At this time, the sow reaches the maximum weight (the maintenance demand also increases), and the pregnancy 12 ~ 13 weeks is the key period of mammary gland development. The feeding amount should not be increased too fast, otherwise it will affect the development of mammary gland. Gradually increase the feed amount from the 90th day of pregnancy, and adjust the feed amount according to the situation of newborn piglets in the later period (the birth weight of primiparous sow piglets is generally controlled at 1.2 ~ 1.4 kg, and the birth weight of born piglets is generally controlled at 1.3 ~ 1.5 kg), generally 3 ~ 3.8 kg per day. Excessive birth weight of piglets is easy to cause dystocia and birth canal injury, which leads to increased inflammation and abnormal elimination of sows. Too small will affect the survival rate, delay the time to market, and eventually lead to reduced benefits.

4.4 lactating sows

The focus is on 7 days after delivery to 2 days before weaning. By increasing the feed intake and feed nutrient density, the nutritional needs of sows can be met, the chances of reproductive system diseases of sows can be reduced, and sufficient high-quality milk can be provided. Sows should reduce the feed properly 5 days before labor, feed gradually after delivery, and reach free feeding on the 7 th day after delivery. According to the maintenance needs of 1.5 kg/d and the increase of 0.5kg per piglet, the daily free feed intake should be above 6.5 kg, and the number of suckling piglets of sows should generally be above 1 0, on the one hand, from the economic point of view, and on the other hand, for the breasts of sows. Before weaning 1 week.

4.5 Management details of pregnant sows

1) to ensure feed quality; 2) Feed quickly and accurately every time to reduce the pressure. If artificially raised, feed the pregnant sows in the first trimester, because the sows in the first trimester are more prone to stress; 3) Let the pigs drink water in time after feeding; 4) Pay attention to monitoring the health status of pigs and pay attention to some signals, such as feeding speed, excrement, tears, coat color, pigsty smell, diseases, etc. 5) regulating intestinal health and reducing constipation; 6) Mineral vitamins should not be added excessively, because excessive calcium will chelate other mineral elements; 7) Pay attention to rational drug use and don't add drugs indiscriminately.

4.6 Management of lactating sows

1) Supply sufficient drinking water; 2) Meet the feed formula in summer, arrange the feeding time reasonably, and try to improve the feed intake of sows; 3) Effective cooling measures, commonly used cooling systems are: wet curtain-fan cooling system and cold fan system. If drip cooling system is used, the dripping speed of water should be controlled according to the temperature and weather conditions. While cooling down, we should also pay close attention to the indoor environment to reduce the breeding of germs; 4) Take measures to prevent constipation before and after delivery.

At present, immunosuppressive diseases are widespread in pigs. The high temperature and high humidity environment is conducive to the reproduction of bacteria, and the resistance of pigs is reduced due to heat stress, which creates suitable conditions for the occurrence and epidemic of diseases. The production performance of many pig farms is reduced, and even serious diseases occur. Therefore, the high temperature season provides a comfortable growth and reproduction environment for pigs, ensures the nutrition supply, completes the health care work of pigs and improves the immunity of the body. Minimize all kinds of stress, add mycotoxin adsorbent to feed for a long time, ensure the health of pigs, ensure the normal operation of pig production in high temperature season, and improve the production level of pigs in summer.