Detailed explanation of typhoon formation principle

Detailed explanation of the formation principle of typhoon: typhoon is a strong tropical cyclone, which is formed on the ocean and evolves with the atmospheric circulation.

The main principle of typhoon formation is the heat supply of the ocean and the vertical hot air movement of the atmosphere. When the ocean surface is warm and humid, heat will evaporate from the ocean into the atmosphere, forming water vapor. Because water vapor is lighter than cold air, it will produce convective motion and form clouds during the lift-off. Under the influence of the powerful weather system, the clouds further developed and eventually formed a typhoon.

Extended data

1. Heat supply in tropical waters: The formation of typhoons is inseparable from the heat supply in tropical waters. The water temperature in tropical oceans is usually very high, because the solar radiation near the equator directly acts on the ocean surface, warming the ocean. When the water temperature in tropical waters is higher than 26 degrees Celsius, seawater begins to evaporate, releasing a lot of latent heat. These latent heats convert heat into steam, which adds energy to typhoons.

2. Atmospheric circulation conditions: Typhoon formation also needs specific atmospheric circulation conditions. In tropical areas, monsoon and subtropical high are two main weather factors. Monsoon refers to the circulation formed by the interaction between warm air and cold air between ocean and land in summer, and subtropical high refers to the circulation formed by the movement of high pressure system in tropical areas. When the monsoon airflow and subtropical high circulation develop to a certain extent, stable atmospheric circulation conditions will be formed, which will provide favorable conditions for the formation of typhoons.

3. Development of water vapor and convection: When the water temperature in the tropical sea area is higher than 26 degrees Celsius, the seawater begins to evaporate violently, releasing a lot of water vapor. These water vapor will rise into the atmosphere and form clouds. The water vapor in the cloud further cools and condenses, releasing latent heat. With the release of latent heat, the air in the cloud will produce strong convective movement, which will make the cloud grow and mature gradually.

4. Formation of typhoon: With the development of clouds, a powerful atmospheric circulation system has been formed. In this system, air rises from the bottom of the cloud, forming a central low pressure area.

The surrounding air will be pulled to the low pressure area by the centripetal force, forming a spiral airflow, which is the eye wall of the typhoon. Eye wall is the area with the strongest typhoon wind and the most concentrated precipitation. With the development of typhoon, the central low pressure will be further reduced and the wind will be stronger and stronger.

5. Evolution of Typhoon: Once a typhoon is formed, it will move along a specific path and evolve. The path of typhoon is influenced by atmospheric circulation and topography. It usually moves on the ocean for a few days, then approaches the land, where it weakens and disintegrates. Different atmospheric circulation and topographic conditions will lead to different typhoon paths. Some typhoons will directly attack coastal areas, while others will move inland or weaken when it is cold.

To sum up, the formation of typhoon needs the heat supply of tropical ocean, specific atmospheric circulation conditions and the development of water vapor and convection. Once a typhoon is formed, it will go through an evolution process, move along a specific path, and be influenced by atmospheric circulation and topography. Understanding the principle of typhoon formation is helpful for us to better predict and deal with the arrival of typhoon.