Causes and countermeasures of haze

Causes of smog formation and measures to deal with harm. Recently, most parts of China have been shrouded in smog weather, which has seriously affected people's traffic and health. I am interested to see the causes of smog formation and the measures to deal with the harm.

Causes and Countermeasures of Haze 1 (1) Causes of Haze Weather

Experts pointed out that the fog that recently appeared in the central and eastern regions is called radiation fog in meteorology, and the main reasons for the formation of haze weather are as follows:

First, the relative humidity of the air near the ground in these areas is relatively high, and the ground dust is relatively large, which is agitated by people and traffic on the ground.

Second, there is no obvious cold air activity, the wind is small and the atmosphere is relatively stable. Because the air does not flow, the tiny particles in the air gather together and float in the air.

Third, the sky is clear and partly cloudy, which is conducive to radiation cooling at night and makes the near-surface air with relatively high humidity saturate and condense to form fog.

Fourth, automobile exhaust is the main pollutant emission. In recent years, there are more and more cars in cities, and automobile exhaust is a factor of smog.

5. Secondary pollution produced by factories.

Six, winter heating emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

(2) What harm does smog do to human body?

1. The effects of particles with different particle sizes on health are related to the time they stay in the atmosphere, the place where they stay in the respiratory tract and the harmful substances they adsorb. Particles with small particle size have high stability in the atmosphere and slow settling speed. Generally, it takes 9 hours for particles with 10 micron to settle to the ground, 9~98 days for particles with 1 20 ~ 1 40 days for particles with 0 and 4 microns, and 5 ~1for particles with less than 0 and1micron. The longer the particulate matter stays in the atmosphere,

The greater the chance of being inhaled into the human body.

2. Inhalable particles with different particle sizes stay in different parts of the respiratory tract, and those larger than 5 microns stay in the upper respiratory tract, that is, they are deposited in the nasopharyngeal area, trachea and bronchus. These particles do not stay for a long time and are eliminated by ciliary movement, swallowing or coughing and sneezing. Particles smaller than 5 microns are mostly retained in bronchioles and alveoli. The smaller the particle, the deeper the entry site. The deposition rate of particles below 1 micron is high, but particles below 0 and 4 microns can freely enter and leave the alveoli and be excreted with breathing. Foreign research shows that 60%~90% of harmful substances exist in particles smaller than 10 micron. These small particles are easily deposited in alveoli, and the absorption rate of lead by alveoli can reach 70%.

3. Particulate matter itself contains a variety of harmful substances, which is the carrier of pollutants, so it is harmful to human body in many ways. First of all, particulate matter can stimulate and corrode alveolar wall, and long-term action can destroy the defense function of respiratory tract, resulting in chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchial asthma and other diseases. Secondly, particulate matter will cause the decline of human immune function. It is found that the immune function of primary school students exposed to particulate pollution for a long time will be obviously inhibited. On the other hand, particulate matter can also increase the sensitivity of animals to bacteria, leading to the decline of lung anti-infection ability. For example, the prevalence of respiratory diseases and the incidence of cough, expectoration, shortness of breath and other symptoms increase in residents who live in areas with serious particulate pollution for a long time. The smaller the particle size, the greater the toxicity to the lungs. Thirdly, particulate matter can absorb and scatter solar radiation, thus reducing the intensity of ultraviolet light on the ground, which has the functions of sterilization and anti-rickets. Therefore, in areas with serious particulate pollution, the incidence of rickets in children and airborne infectious diseases (such as tonsillitis) increase. Finally, particles that fall into the skin or eyes can lead to blockage of sebaceous glands and sweat glands, leading to dermatitis and conjunctivitis.

(3) Haze weather prevention measures:

First of all, we should reduce automobile exhaust emissions. Cars driven by engines are one of the main sources of air pollution. Exhaust gas has a serious impact on air pollution. This requires us to invent and popularize energy-saving cars to replace fuel-fired cars. In addition, there are many methods, such as installing tail gas filters to improve the quality of oil products. Oil standard not only affects automobile emissions, but also affects automobile exhaust purification system. At the same time, it also has an important impact on the emissions of many construction machinery and agricultural machinery, so the oil quality has an overall impact on the emissions of pollutants. For motor vehicle emissions, improving oil quality is an important measure for source control.

Second, we should reduce coal emissions. One of the important reasons for the haze weather is the huge emission load of air pollutants. This requires us to find and develop new fuels and improve fuel utilization. Vigorously promote industrial energy conservation and emission reduction, actively develop energy-saving industries, promote clean production and promote energy-saving products.

Causes and countermeasures of haze II. Causes of haze

1, smog weather caused by low pressure

There are some relatively static winds in the air, which leads to low air pressure and smog. Due to the dry atmosphere, low air pressure and stagnant air, tiny particles in the air gather and float in the air, which is the main reason for the haze weather.

2. Ground dust produces haze weather.

Some ground dust is very heavy, causing floating dust. It is also a major cause of smog. The ground dust is heavy and the air humidity is low. People and traffic on the ground stirred up dust, which caused these particles to be thrown over the city, increasing suspended particles in the air and forming smog.

3. The secondary pollution produced by the factory produces haze weather.

Pollution and waste discharge from some factories are the main causes of smog. Wastewater and waste gas discharged from factories and extensive garbage disposal are also one of the reasons for smog.

4. Hazy weather caused by construction dust.

As construction waste and dust float into the air, granular dust particles are produced, which is an important factor causing smog.

5. The pollutants emitted by coal combustion produce haze weather.

Most of the heating in winter is based on the heat generated by coal burning, and pollutants such as sulfide gas emitted by coal-fired power plants lead to the accumulation of particulate matter in the air, forming haze weather.

6, automobile exhaust emissions produce haze weather.

Automobile exhaust emission has become an important source of air pollution. In recent years, there are more and more cars in cities, which has caused air pollution. Automobile exhaust emission is one of the factors of haze weather.

Causes of smog formation and its harm countermeasures 3 What is smog?

Fog and haze. But fog is fog, haze is haze, and the difference between fog and haze is very big. Haze means haze. Dust, sulfuric acid and nitric acid in the air can cause vision damage. The difference between haze and fog is that the relative humidity is small when haze occurs, but it is saturated in fog (if there are a large number of condensation nuclei, the relative humidity may not reach 100%, and saturation may occur). Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and inhalable particles are the main components of smog. The first two are gaseous pollutants, and the last particulate matter is the chief culprit that aggravates smog weather pollution.

Fog and haze are quite different in some ways. For example, when fog appears, the air is humid; When smog occurs, the air is relatively dry and the relative humidity of the air is usually below 60%. The reason is that a large number of extremely fine dust particles, smoke particles and salt particles float in the air evenly, so that the air with effective horizontal visibility less than 10KM is mixed together. The symbol is "∞". The diurnal variation of haze is generally not obvious. When the air mass changes little and is stable, it lasts for a long time, sometimes exceeding 10 days. Due to weather phenomena such as haze, light fog, sandstorm, sand blowing, floating dust and smoke, the effective horizontal visibility is less than 10KM due to a large number of extremely fine dust particles or smoke particles floating in the air.

Hazy days also have a serious impact on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which will hinder normal blood circulation, lead to cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, and may also induce angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and heart failure. And cause pulmonary heart disease in chronic bronchitis. In addition, when the air pressure is relatively low in foggy weather, people will feel irritable and their blood pressure will naturally rise. On the other hand, in foggy days, the temperature is often low. Some patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease suddenly go from warm indoor to cold outdoor, and blood vessels expand with heat and contract with cold, which will also increase blood pressure, leading to stroke and myocardial infarction.

Persistent foggy days have an impact on people's psychology and body. Psychologically speaking, foggy days will give people a feeling of depression, which will stimulate or aggravate the state of psychological depression. In addition, due to the weak light and low air pressure in foggy days, some people will feel lazy and depressed in foggy days.

Wear a mask when you go out, go out as little as possible, and wash your bare skin immediately after you come back.

Close the doors and windows at home, pay attention to hygiene and moisturizing. To ensure the hygiene of the room, it is very important to be hygienic in foggy days, otherwise it will easily lead to respiratory diseases, and cleaning the soil that will not breed germs; Secondly, it is necessary to moisturize the room to ensure the relative humidity, so that floating dust can easily precipitate and adsorb on the ground, and try to wipe the dust with a wet rag to avoid being inhaled into the respiratory tract.

The diet is light and reasonable, and eat more foods that clear the lungs, such as black fungus porridge, pig blood spinach soup and so on.

Drink water frequently and don't stay up late.

It is easy to cause cardiovascular diseases, and the elderly cancel morning exercises.