Where are the characters who directly and indirectly describe Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu in The Grass Boat Borrows Arrows?

Zhou Yu: insidious; Zhuge Liang: calm and have answers;

Lu Su: Loyal and honest; Cao Cao: Cautious and suspicious.

I don't like Zhou Yu's reasons: polite on the surface, hidden in my heart;

Reasons for liking Zhuge Liang: Focus on the overall situation, be calm, and have answers.

Zhuge Liang's concrete analysis

(1) Wise (blackboard writing: proficient in astronomy, familiar with geography)

1 "At this time, it is foggy all over the sky, and the river can't even be seen clearly."

(Analysis:) "Fog is all over the sky", and there is fog everywhere. Choosing this kind of weather shows that Zhuge Liang is proficient in astronomy and meteorology and makes accurate predictions.

② Familiar with geography.

Cao Cao knew that he had been cheated, but the ship here had sailed for more than twenty miles with the wind, and it was too late to catch up.

(Analysis:) Familiar with the terrain, smooth sailing, easy to go back.

(2) There are strategies (blackboard writing: clever arrangement, strategizing)

Zhuge Liang said, "You lend me twenty boats, and each boat needs thirty sergeants. The boat is covered with a green curtain, and more than 1000 straw handles are arranged on both sides of the boat. I have my own clever use. On the third day, I left a hundred thousand arrows. But I can't let the governor know. If he knows, my plan will be over.

(Analysis:) Zhuge Liang's preparation for borrowing an arrow. Ships and sergeants are the basic conditions for Zhuge Liang to borrow arrows. Putting a blue curtain on the boat and putting straw handles on both sides of the boat to catch arrows are all camouflage.

(2) Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to be turned over, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west. He was still beating drums and shouting, and he reached the water village in Cao Jun and was shot by an arrow.

(Analysis:) "Turn the boat over, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west", which can not only be hit by arrows on both sides, but also keep the balance of the hull, and also facilitate the smooth return after the arrows are full, saving the time for turning around.

(3) foresight (writing on the blackboard: knowing the sky and knowing people)

① forecast the weather

At this time, it was foggy all over the sky, and even the face of the river could not be seen clearly.

(analysis:) proficient in astronomy and meteorology, accurate prediction.

2 understand people.

One, "... but I can't let the governor know. If he knows, my plan will be over.

Why did Zhuge Liang only tell Lu Su?

Knowing that Lu Su is honest and trustworthy (teacher: writing on the blackboard, Lu Su is honest and trustworthy), I can trust him, so I borrowed his boat. Knowing that Zhou Yu was clever, he didn't let Lu Su borrow the boat from Zhou Yu.

B, why didn't Zhuge Liang let Zhou Yu know about borrowing the boat? "... Zhou Yu was very happy, told Zhuge Liang to make an oath face to face and hosted a banquet for him ... Zhuge Liang had a few drinks and left. "

(Analysis:) Zhou Yu set an arrow to frame Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang promised to build 100 thousand arrows in three days, and he was willing to make a military order.

Zhou Yu thinks Zhuge Liang has been cheated. So "very happy". He asked Zhuge Liang to make a written statement to his face, in order to force Zhuge Liang to go to a dead end, so that he could win the battle. As for the banquet, it is completely hypocritical.

Zhuge Liang was not entertained by Zhou Yu. In fact, he had already seen through Zhou Yu's intrigues.

I found one more thing. I'll sort it out myself.

(1) What kind of person can Zhou Yu tell Lu Su?

(2) What did Zhuge Liang ask Lu Su to help? What exactly did he ask Lu Su to do? In connection with the above, what words in the text show that Zhuge Liang completed the task of making arrows with confidence and defeated Zhou Yu's plot?

(3) How did Lu Su report to Zhou Yu? What kind of people do you see in it?

This long arrangement of three questions is actually to let students understand the meaning of this passage in three levels: the first level is that Zhou Yu ordered military craftsmen not to prepare materials for Zhuge Liang to make arrows, and sent Lu Su to understand how Zhuge Liang made arrows. By thinking about the first question, the students can understand that Zhou Yu is narrow-minded, jealous of the virtuous, jealous of the talented, completely ignoring the overall situation of resisting Cao Cao, and bent on making things difficult for Zhuge Liang and trying to punish him.

The second meaning of this passage is that Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su for help and asked Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu about borrowing the boat. At this level, the teacher should let the students grasp the word "unique" to tell their own experiences, so as to understand that Zhuge Liang has a way to deal with Zhou Yu, and he knows it well. In addition, in the first short answer to the second question in this paragraph, students can easily answer that Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su to arrange ships, soldiers, tents and straw handles for him through reading. Judging from what he needs that has nothing to do with making arrows, it can also be analyzed that Zhuge Liang has an elaborate plot to crush Zhou Yu. The second small question The second question is what did Zhuge Liang specifically ask Lu Su to do? By reading, children can quickly find the answer from the book: however, the governor should not know. If he knows, my plan will be over. Why did Zhuge Liang specifically tell Lu Su? From the above analysis of Zhou Yu, it is not difficult to see that although Zhou Yu is narrow-minded and vicious, as the commander-in-chief of Soochow, he is certainly not an idle generation. He is also very smart and has a great talent for fighting. If he knew these things that Zhuge Liang borrowed from Lu Su, he would probably guess Zhuge Liang's intention. Even if he can't guess, he will do everything possible to prevent him from lending these things to Zhuge Liang, thus undermining Zhuge Liang's plan and making his intrigue succeed. Zhuge Liang saw clearly Zhou Yu's sinister intentions and villain's face, so he specifically told Lu Su to do so.

The third meaning of this passage is that when Lu Su went back to report the situation to Zhou Yu, he said that Zhuge Liang didn't want to make arrows and didn't borrow the boat. Zhou Yu is puzzled. At this level, the teacher must guide the students to understand the word "sure enough", which means that it is true, and then let the students talk about what kind of person Lu Su is. I think it's not difficult for students in grade six to say that Lu Su is a man of his word.

The understanding of the second paragraph of the text does not end here, so students should be guided to have a deeper understanding. Teachers can ask again after learning the second paragraph: Why did Zhuge Liang dare to borrow something from Lu Su? Why did he specifically tell Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu about borrowing the boat? Because of the understanding just now, the students will easily answer: because Zhuge Liang knows the characteristics of two people too well. Lu Su kept his promise, while Zhou Yu was treacherous and vicious, which is why he did so. It can also be seen that Zhuge Liang is good at reading people, which is one of the main reasons why he succeeded in borrowing arrows later.

After learning the second paragraph, students should be given time to read it again to understand the different personality characteristics of the three characters.

3. Learn the third paragraph of the text.

This paragraph is the core of this article. In chronological order, the story of Zhuge Liang cleverly borrowing an arrow from Cao Cao is told.

This paragraph can take the form of silent reading and self-study, that is, reading this paragraph silently and thinking at the same time:

(1) When did Zhuge Liang sail to borrow an arrow? Why wait until this time?

This question should be clear to the students: Zhuge Liang and others set sail at four o'clock on the third day. Because it is dark at this time, and there is dense fog on the river, Cao Jun can be blinded and they don't know the truth.

(2) Where did Zhuge Liang's boat stop? Why?

This question made the students realize that Zhuge Liang parked his boat on the river near the water town of Cao Jun in order to keep a correct distance when he was shot by an arrow. Too far, the arrow can't shoot; It's too close, for fear of being seen by you. It can be seen that Zhuge Liang has also made careful arrangements in this respect.

(3) How did the ship stop there? Why are you doing this?

When thinking about this problem, the teacher can ask the students to fold some small paper boats in advance and stick them together. After reading the book, let the students demonstrate by themselves. At the same time, it is understood that Zhuge Liang scattered the fleet "word by word" in order to increase the area of arrows and make more arrows hit the straw handle. This also makes students realize that Zhuge Liang's intelligence is indeed superman.

(4) What did Zhuge Liang ask the soldiers to do when the ship stopped? Why are you doing this? What are the different reactions between him and Lu Su? Explain what?

This thinking question allows students to read and find the answer. Zhuge Liang's call for soldiers to "bang drums and shout" was actually a bluff, creating the illusion that the army was besieged to confuse Cao Jun, making him afraid to meet the enemy rashly in foggy weather, so he could only use arrows to force him to retreat. Lu Su was surprised and scared when he saw Zhuge Liang let the soldiers beat drums and shout. If Cao Bing comes out, these people will be in danger. Zhuge Liang, on the other hand, said with a smile that Cao Cao dared not send troops and invited Lu Su to drink for fun. By comparing the different reactions of the two characters, students can understand the superman of Zhuge Liang's strategy and courage. In addition, this paragraph should also grasp the word "certain" and let students analyze Zhuge Liang's answer.

(5) How did Cao Cao do it? What kind of people do you see in it? What kind of person do you see Zhuge Liang?

This problem requires students to grasp Cao Cao's words and deeds and realize that he is a suspicious man, cautious in everything and afraid to act rashly. Zhuge Liang seized this weakness of Cao Cao and dared to make such an arrangement. This shows that Zhuge Liang not only knows himself, but also knows himself. His good knowledge of people is once again confirmed here.

(6) How did Zhuge Liang arrange the fleet when he first arrived? How did it move later? Why is this arrangement?

Zhuge Liang first made the bow of the fleet face west and the stern face east. After the straw handle of the boat near Cao Cao was filled with arrows, he ordered the boat to capsize, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west. On the one hand, this arrangement is to let the straw handle on the other side of the ship get an arrow, on the other hand, it is smooth when going back, and Cao Cao knows that it is too late to be chased.

When the teacher talks about this part, he can also draw some stick figures to help students understand.

If the teacher doesn't want to draw, he can also let the students demonstrate to achieve the purpose of understanding.

When the teacher explains this passage, he can also remind students that the water of the Yangtze River flows from west to east, thus realizing Zhuge Liang's clever disposal, which is time-saving, convenient and fast, and can achieve the best effect. All this stems from his understanding of the geographical environment.

(7) Summarize the reasons why Zhuge Liang can successfully "borrow" arrows.

Because of the deep understanding of this paragraph, it is not difficult for students to sum it up. The teacher must make it clear to them that there are four reasons for Zhuge Liang's success: ① being familiar with the weather. It can be predicted that there will be heavy fog in three days, and the return trip will be very smooth, and Cao Jun will have no time to catch up. ② Familiar with geography. You can park the boat in the best position to receive the arrow in the fog. ③ Be good at recognizing people. Understand Lu Su's faithfulness. I know that he won't reveal the secret of borrowing a boat, that Cao Cao is suspicious by nature, and that he dare not attack easily without knowing the truth. (4) careful planning. Use the plan skillfully and make full use of various favorable conditions. Such as arranging grass boats, carefully disguising, using fog, and returning smoothly.