Qing Dynasty clothing patterns, what patterns are most found on ancient clothing?

What are the patterns on most ancient costumes

1. Plant patterns: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, peach, plum and crabapple, peony, lotus, hibiscus, osmanthus, camellia, rose, narcissus, Buddha's hand, pine and cypress, dieffenbachia, passion flower, rose treasure, grape fruit and golden harvest.

2. Auspicious meanings: many seeds (pomegranate), wealth and glory (peony), continuous melons (gourds or grape vines, age of pine trees, longevity of pine trees, purity of lotus, seclusion of chrysanthemums, three friends in cold weather, longevity) Happiness, Five Blessings and Longevity, Eight Immortals

3. Animal patterns: dragon and phoenix, etc. (the first-grade crane for civil servants, the second-grade golden pheasant, the third-grade peacock, etc.). Lions, tigers, and deer are also commonly used. , cranes, magpies, mandarin ducks and other birds, bats, butterflies, bees and other grass insects, carp, catfish and other fish.

4. Natural weather patterns: cloud patterns, auspicious clouds, flowing clouds, water patterns, and wave patterns.

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5. Utensil patterns: vase, cornucopia, eight treasures and seven treasures, Ruyi

6. Geometric patterns: Bada halo, smallpox, treasure photo, swastika. Characters, Bagua, Turtle Back, Fang Sheng, Persimmon Pattern, Locks, Links

7. Characters: Pictures of Hundred Sons, Pictures of Playing Babies, Ladies, Gods and Buddhas, Twenty-Four Filial Piety, Hanging Beams Reflecting the Moon, Woodcutter and Shepherds.

8. Scenery: Eight Scenes of Xiaoxiang, Ten Scenes of West Lake, Fishing in Hanjiang River, Famous Scenic Spots or Landscape Paintings from Various Places, etc.

Extended information

Ancient China. Clothing (Ancient Articles of Clothing) refers to various clothes, hats, shoes and socks in ancient China. It has its own system in the world. Its structure and style gradually change with the development of production and lifestyle. The study of ancient clothing can help us understand the styles of people from past dynasties.

Clothing is also an important criterion for dating. In addition to the actual objects, ancient sculptures and paintings are used in the study. The characters in them are often important reference materials.

Humans in the late Paleolithic Age were known to sew clothes, and bone needles were unearthed from the cultural remains of the Zhoukoudian cave people in the late Neolithic Age. Among people from different regions and ethnic groups, clothing styles are different. Taking hairstyles as an example, the Dadiwan culture has short hair, the Majiayao culture has braided hair, and the Dawenkou culture has short hair. Hairbands made of pig tusks.

In the Longshan Culture, bone hairpins were used to tie the hair. The jade head unearthed from the Mu Shimao site of the Longshan Culture in Shaanxi Province has a bun on the top of the head, which may have been tied with hairpins. Reflection. Bone hairpins have been unearthed from Erlitou type and Dongxiafeng type sites equivalent to the Erlitou culture of the Xia Dynasty, and their shape is the same as that of similar artifacts from the Shang Dynasty. Therefore, it is known that bun hair was already used in ancient times. Characteristics of Chinese costumes

Reference materials

Ancient Chinese costumes (clothing of various dynasties in ancient China)_Baidu Encyclopedia Qing Dynasty costume patterns

Qing Dynasty emperor costumes There are court clothes, auspicious clothes, casual clothes, etc. The emperor's court clothes and the crowns they wear are divided into winter and summer. The main difference between winter and summer court clothes is that the edges of the clothes are decorated with satin in spring and summer, and the edges of the court clothes are decorated with precious furs in autumn and winter. The color is mainly yellow, with bright yellow being the most noble. Only blue is used when offering sacrifices to the sky, red is used when the sun rises, and white is used when the moon sets. The main patterns on court uniforms are dragon patterns and twelve chapter patterns. Generally, there is one positive dragon embroidered on the front, back and both arms; five rows of dragons are embroidered on the waist and curtains (folds) and nine group dragons are embroidered on the front and back; two rows of dragons are embroidered on the skirt; four rows of dragons are embroidered on the shawl. Two pieces; one piece of dragon embroidered on the sleeve end. The patterns of the twelve chapters are sun, moon, stars, mountains, dragons, Chinese insects, 黼, and 黼 on the clothes; the remaining four kinds of algae, fire, Zongyi, and rice noodles are on the clothes, and are matched with five-color cloud patterns. The Qing Dynasty emperor's dragon robe, according to literature, was also embroidered with nine dragons. Judging from the physical object, there are only eight dragons in the front and rear, which is inconsistent with the written records. One dragon is missing. Some believe there is another dragon that is the emperor himself. In fact, this dragon exists objectively, but it is embroidered on the inside of the clothes and is generally not easy to see. In this way, each dragon robe is actually nine dragons, and when viewed individually from the front or back, all you see are five dragons, which exactly matches the number of nine and five. In addition, the hem of the dragon robe is lined with many curved lines diagonally, which are called water feet. Above the water feet, there are many tumbling water waves. Above the water waves, there are mountain and stone treasures. It is commonly known as "Seawater Jiangya". In addition to its continuous auspicious meaning, it also has the meaning of "unifying mountains and rivers" and The meaning of "peace for all ages". The dragon gown of the Qing Dynasty is a robe with a round collar, double breasts, left and right vents, and straight sleeves. Dragon gowns can only be worn by empresses, empress dowagers, imperial concubines, concubines, concubines and concubines. The queen's court attire consists of court crown, court robe, court gown, court skirt and court beads. Court robes are made of bright yellow satin and are divided into winter and summer types, with mink edges added in winter. The basic style of court robe is composed of collar, shoulder guard and robe body. The collar is also embroidered with dragon patterns. When wearing a court robe, it must be matched with a court gown. The court gown is a garment worn outside the court gown. Its style is double-breasted, collarless, sleeveless, and shaped like a vest. It is also embroidered with patterns such as dragons and clouds and eight treasures and flat water. The style of the queen's regular clothes is basically similar to that of Manchu noble women. The round collar, large placket, collar, sleeves and edges of the placket are all decorated with wide lace, but the patterns are different.

The Qing Dynasty's patchwork, also called " patched gown", is collarless and double-breasted. Its length is shorter than the gown and longer than the gown. There is a patch on the front and back. The patch in the Qing Dynasty is slightly smaller than that in the Ming Dynasty. , was the main official uniform in the Qing Dynasty and was worn in many places and times. All supplements are azurite in color. Buzi is the main symbol to distinguish official grades. There are several types of round patches: the prince's dragon coat is azurite, with four embroidered five-clawed golden dragons on the front, one on each shoulder at the front and back, and colorful cloud patterns in between. Prince, embroider four groups of five-clawed dragons, with the front and back as a straight dragon and the two shoulders as a walking dragon. The king of the county is embroidered with four groups of traveling dragons (one on each shoulder of the front and back). Baylor, embroidered with two groups of four-clawed pythons (one at the front and one at the front). Beizi, embroidered with two groups of five-clawed pythons (one at the front and one at the front). Dingzi is an important symbol for distinguishing the rank of officials in the Qing Dynasty. It is divided into two types: those used for court crowns and those used for auspicious clothing crowns. The top of the crown has three layers: the top is a pointed gemstone, the middle is a spherical orb, and the bottom is a metal base. The top of the Jifu crown is relatively simple, with only two parts: a spherical orb and a metal base. The base is made of gold or copper, with patterns engraved on it. There are many colors and materials for crown beads, reflecting the rank of different officials. According to the etiquette of the Qing Dynasty: first-rank officials use rubies, second-rank officials use coral, third-rank officials use sapphires, fourth-rank officials use lapis lazuli, fifth-rank officials use crystal, and sixth-rank officials use clams. , the seventh grade is made of plain gold, the eighth grade is made of engraved gold with yin characters, and the ninth grade is engraved gold with yang characters. If there is no pearl on the top, it has no grade. If Qing officials broke the law. When removing the official position, the top bead on the hat must be removed to indicate that the official position is no longer with him. Men's official hats in the Qing Dynasty were divided into top hats and caps. Top hats are commonly known as "big hats" and they are made in two styles: one is worn in winter and is called a warm hat; the other is worn in summer and is called a cool hat. The shape of the warm hat is mostly round, with a brim around it. The material is mostly leather, but also made of woolen, satin and cloth, depending on the weather. The color is mostly black. There are also differences in fur and the like. At first, the mink was the most valuable, then the sea otter, and then the fox, and the skin underneath was unused. Because sea otters were expensive, yellow wolf skins were later dyed black instead, and they were named Sao Rats. People at that time rushed to imitate them. During the Kangxi period, a kind of sheared velvet warm hat appeared in some places. It was black in color and thin in texture, like a rat. Because of their low price, most bachelors are happy to wear them. The warm hat is also equipped with a red hat weft in the middle, or is made of silk. The highest part of the hat is equipped with top beads, which are mostly made of red, blue, white, gold and other colored gemstones. The top bead is an important symbol that distinguishes official positions. According to the etiquette of the Qing Dynasty: the first-rank officials used rubies, the second-rank officials used corals, the third-rank officials used sapphires, the fourth-rank officials used lapis lazuli, the fifth-rank officials used crystals, the sixth-rank officials used clams, the seventh-rank officials used plain gold, and the eighth-rank officials used gold with inscribed patterns. Ninth grade Yangwen engraved gold. If there is no pearl on the top, it has no grade. Men's clothing in the Qing Dynasty mainly included robes, coats, coats, shirts, trousers, etc. The gown is the most important dress. Among them, there is a kind of jacket, which is no longer than the waist, and the sleeves only cover the elbows. The short sleeves of the jacket are convenient for riding, so it is called "mandarin jacket". The shapes of mandarin jackets are divided into double lapel, large lapel and missing lapel (pipa lapel). The double-breasted mandarin jacket is often used as a formal dress. The large-breasted mandarin jacket is mostly used as regular clothes and is usually worn outside the robe. Mandarin jackets with missing lapels (Pipa lapels) are often used as luggage. Most mandarins have short sleeves, and the sleeves are wide and straight. In addition to yellow, the color of the dress is usually cyan or yuan cyan. Other dark red, light green, purple, dark blue, dark gray, etc. can be used for daily wear. Xialei has been the order of women since the Song Dynasty, and it varies with the rank. "Ge Zhi Jing Yuan" quoted from "The Examination of Names" and said: "Nowadays, women are ordered to wear a piece of weaving on the outside of their clothes. The front and back are as long as their clothes. They are divided in the middle and the front two are opened. They are between the shoulders and back. They are called Xiape." Xiapei in the Ming Dynasty. That's the form. The dress of married women in the Qing Dynasty inherited the system of the Ming Dynasty and was styled with phoenix crowns and xiapei. In the Qing Dynasty, the Xiapei evolved into something as wide as a vest, with colorful cassettes on the bottom. It was a dress specially worn by the imperial wives. There is a patchwork in the middle, and the pattern embroidered by the patchwork is generally based on the rank of the husband or son. Only the mother and wife of the military attache do not use animal patterns but bird patterns. Yunjian is a decoration draped on women's shoulders. It existed in the Five Dynasties and is in the shape of four harmonious elements. Women in the Ming Dynasty used it as a decoration on their dresses. Women in the Qing Dynasty also used it on their wedding clothes. In the late Qing Dynasty, women in the south of the Yangtze River wore their hair in low-hanging buns. They were afraid that their clothes would be stained by the greasy buns, so they often wore cloud shoulders on their shoulders. The cloud shoulders used by noble women are exquisitely made. Some are cut in the shape of lotus flowers, or knotted in the shape of tassels, with rows of beards hanging around them. Vest, also called "vest", "waistcoat" or "half arm". In the Qing Dynasty, Manchu women often wore a vest outside the flag-dress robe, which was a very popular outfit among Manchu women. This kind of vest is the same as the men's vest. It also has the shape of large lapel, one-line lapel, double lapel and pipa lapel. It is as long as the waist and decorated with lace. Before Jiaqing and Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, Han women's clothing still followed the Ming Dynasty clothing style, mainly shirts and skirts. During the Qianlong period and above, people mainly wore lace-lined jackets and shirts. The style was relatively wide and the length was generally below the knee. After Jiadao, lace-trimmed clothes tended to be narrower and shorter in length. Some add a longer vest. In addition to wearing skirts, some people also wear pants. The characteristic of the long coat is that the low collar and cuffs are decorated with wide lace, and the popular width of the sleeves varies in different periods. Sometimes wide, sometimes narrow. Before Jiaqing and Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, Han women's clothing still followed the Ming Dynasty clothing style, mainly shirts and skirts. During the Qianlong period and above, people mainly wore lace-lined jackets and shirts. The style was relatively wide and the length was generally below the knee. After Jiadao, lace-trimmed clothes tended to be narrower and shorter in length. Some add a longer vest with lace on the edges. In addition to wearing skirts, some people also wear trousers. The style of trousers has also changed. At first, they were large trouser legs, and then gradually changed to small trouser legs, with lace on the trouser cuffs.

Since the Guangxu period, due to the popularity of trousers, it has become increasingly rare for women to wear skirts. In the Qing Dynasty, Han women's clothing changed less than men's clothing under the norm of "men obey women but not women" (that is, Han men were strictly required to comply with the Han dress system, while women were relaxed). The concubines still followed the customs of the Ming Dynasty and wore phoenix crowns and Xia pei as their formal attire. Ordinary women wear cloaks and coats and skirts. The cloak is a coat worn by women in the Qing Dynasty. Its function is similar to that of a men's coat. It has a double lapel, large sleeves, and a knee-length lower part. On top of the cloak, there is a low collar, decorated with various jewelry. Inside the cloak, there are also large-breasted coats, large coats and small coats. The small coats are women's underwear, and the colors are mostly red, peach red, water red and so on. Women's lower garments are mostly skirts, and red is the most expensive color. The styles of skirts still retain the customs of the Ming Dynasty in the early days, such as phoenix tail skirts and moonlight skirts. In the late Qing Dynasty, it was still popular among ordinary women to wear pants. There were many types and styles of ornaments in the Qing Dynasty, with small shapes and various materials, including jade, lapis lazuli, gold-inlaid turquoise, sandalwood, gold and platinum, gold star enamel, coral, glass and other different materials. There are also various embroidery items, including sachets, sachets, fan covers, spectacle cases, watch straps, fire sickle bags, fasting cards, etc. These are the ornaments worn around the waist in the Qing Dynasty. Both men and women carried them as ornaments, especially in the late Qing Dynasty.

Reference material: "Clothes of the Qing Dynasty" The names of patterns on ancient Chinese clothing are such as cloud patterns and phoenix patterns

Dragon and phoenix patterns: shaped like walking dragons; cloud dragons surrounded by clouds ; A flying dragon that soars into the sky; a rounded dragon; an auspicious dragon with a frontal head; a sidelong head; a dragon with its head above and below; a dragon with its head above and below; a dragon with its tail above and below.

Auspicious animal patterns: People often place their good wishes on the animal gods to pray for peace, luck and happiness.

Combination patterns: ten thousand characters, Fang Sheng, Ruyi head, back pattern, water ripple pattern, fire pattern, cloud pattern, lock pattern, curved water pattern, ancient coin pattern, dense ring pattern, chain pattern, gold ingot Pattern, snowflake brocade ball pattern, turtle pattern, etc.

Extended information:

Decoration of ancient costumes:

Decoration of costumes shows the hierarchy of feudal etiquette in a unique form of "logo". Wu Zetian gave embroidered robes to all officials, mainly with patterns of birds and animals, and the decorations were on the front and back. This approach has a certain iconicity. It is directly displayed on the clothing as a tangible cultural symbol, making it have obvious characteristics of Chinese ritual culture.

In the Song Dynasty, people in the Song Dynasty were influenced by Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism and burned gold ornaments and simple-patterned clothes to capture the beauty of simplicity and elegance. They also had detailed and strict regulations on women's attire. The clothing system was closely related to Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Perspectives are incredibly closely related.

The clothing of the Qing Dynasty was the pinnacle of the development of clothing in our country, and the decorative role of clothing patterns at this time had reached its peak. During this period, a kind of decoration called "Buzi" appeared on clothing. The pattern of "Buzi" represented the rank of the official position. The difference in the "Buzi" pattern reflected the strict hierarchy of the Qing Dynasty.