Investigation report on small-scale peasant production

Small-scale peasant economy is an economic form that began in the Southern Song Dynasty, which is directly related to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty and the massive migration of population to the south. The following is my 20 17 research report on small-scale peasant production. Welcome to read!

In order to find out the crop production in Koharu, xx city in 20 17 years, the Statistics Bureau of xx city recently organized forces to investigate the crop production and the expected harvest of grain and oil in Koharu, xx city, and learned about the seed preparation and cultivation in Da Chun. The relevant information is hereby notified as follows:

I. Basic information

This survey selected 30 farmers from 6 townships, including Liangban Township, Leshan Town and Jiezi Town, Wusheng County, Fenghe Town. Through talking with township leaders and related personnel, visiting farmers to understand and fill in questionnaires, and going deep into the fields, the crop production in Koharu and the seed preparation and ploughing in Da Chun were investigated.

Second, the survey results

(1) crop production in early spring

1 and crop yield in Xiao Chun

According to the survey data of 30 farmers, the sown area of grain crops increased by 0.6% compared with last year, the output increased by 0.9%, and the total output increased by 1.4%. In terms of varieties, the yield of wheat decreased by 2.2% and 1.0%, while the yield of other grain varieties increased slightly. The sown area and yield of rape and vegetables also showed a slight increase trend. See the details in the figure below.

2. Analysis of factors affecting crop production

The overall situation of crop production in early spring this year is improving, mainly due to three factors: First, the climate is suitable, which is conducive to crop growth. According to the survey, the weather has been good since the beginning of this spring. In the final flowering period of rape, the wax ripening period of wheat and the harvest period of broad beans and peas, the weather in xx city is mainly sunny, with suitable sunshine and temperature, which is suitable for crop growth. Second, the popularization of science and technology has promoted the increase of crop yield per unit area. The agricultural bureaus of all districts and counties take the lead in actively organizing professional and technical personnel to go deep into townships to publicize and promote the implementation of high-yield creation and intercropping and interplanting technology. The establishment of high yield mainly involves corn, rice, wheat, potato and other crops. Intercropping corn with beans, vegetables, rice, potatoes, corn and other miscellaneous grains should be carried out according to local conditions. By establishing the core demonstration area, radiation will drive the surrounding areas. Third, measures are in place to rejuvenate pests and diseases. Pest control has become an important work to ensure the grain and oil production in Koharu. According to the survey, on the one hand, the prevention and control management of early spring crops has been strengthened by setting up pest monitoring points in different sections, releasing pest information in time at the initial stage of the disease, and releasing the current situation and prevention measures of pests and diseases in early spring crops. On the other hand, village groups with good agricultural production conditions, strong scientific and technological awareness and urgent demand for new agricultural technologies were selected, and cadres of village groups conducted serious and responsible demonstrations on wheat pest control, held demonstration models for prevention and control, and popularized prevention and control in a large area, which greatly improved the technical level of pest control in Koharu around the demonstration sites, making the pests and diseases in Koharu significantly lower than last year.

(2) Da Chun has made preparations for seeds and ploughing.

According to the survey, the leaders of township governments attach great importance to agricultural production this year. From seed selection, seedling transplanting to field management, technicians are arranged to answer questions and give on-site guidance to key links, so that farmers in Da Chun can be more active in seed preparation and ploughing. Judging from the current climate, the precipitation has obviously increased since May, and the seedling raising progress in Da Chun is normal. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other materials are fully prepared, field management is in place, and the early production work in Da Chun is progressing smoothly.

Three. Basic conclusion

The survey results show that the planting structure of crops in Koharu has been continuously optimized, and the crops in Koharu have shown a good growth trend. The planting area of wheat is decreasing year by year, and it turns to potatoes, oilseeds and vegetables with better benefits. If management is strengthened, the occurrence and development of pests and diseases will be effectively controlled in the later period, and the crop yield in Koharu is expected to increase this year.

In the middle and late May, Cao Cong, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, led a research team to investigate the development of modern agriculture with characteristics in our city in Yanping, Shunchang, Pucheng, Songxi and Zhenghe counties (districts). The research team visited the demonstration base of oil peony planting in Zhenqian Town, Zhenghe County, Nanbowan grape planting base in the old county of Songxi County, meifeng turtle ecological farm in Pucheng County, seedling breeding base in Shunchang Xishi Seed Farm, and Xiangtong Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. in Yanping District, listened to the reports of local governments and functional departments on developing modern characteristic agriculture, and invited the leaders of industry associations, leading enterprises, professional cooperatives and e-commerce platforms. Held a forum attended by leaders of Municipal Agriculture Bureau, Forestry Bureau, Finance Bureau, Development and Reform Commission and Commerce Bureau, and exchanged views with leaders of Municipal Land and Resources Bureau, Municipal Agricultural Bank, Municipal Rural Commercial Bank and insurance company on the problems encountered in the investigation.

I. Basic information

In recent years, all levels and departments in our city have taken the development of modern agriculture with characteristics as an important measure to change the mode of rural economic development, promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income, and accelerate rural development and progress, and achieved certain results.

(a) Clear development goals. Based on the natural resource endowment of our city, the development goals of fully tapping regional characteristics, vigorously cultivating agricultural characteristic industrial system and vigorously developing facility agriculture, ecological green agriculture and leisure and healthy agriculture are put forward. In order to put the development goals and specific measures in place, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government issued the "Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting Rural Reform and Accelerating the Development of Modern Agriculture with Characteristics" [Document No.20171], which was implemented by all levels and departments. Counties (cities, districts) have also formulated corresponding industrial development plans and implementation measures in light of their own reality. For example, Yanping District has formulated and implemented the 13th Five-Year Modern Agriculture Development Plan of Yanping District of Nanping City, the Flower Industry Development Plan of Yanping District of Nanping City (20 13-2020) and the Seedling Industry Development Plan of Yanping District (20 13-2020).

(2) Promote the development of the industry. After years of hard work, a number of characteristic industries have formed a certain scale. For example, the tea garden area in the city has reached 609,000 mu, with a total output of 64,700 tons, and there are 60 tea enterprises above designated size, achieving an industrial output value of 5.87 billion yuan; The total output of edible fungi and fresh mushrooms in the city is 285,900 tons, and seven production bases, including Shunchang Seafood Mushroom, Jianyang Agrocybe aegerita and Pucheng Ganoderma lucidum, have been built. Shunchang Shennong Mushroom has developed into the largest and only white seafood mushroom producer in China, accounting for 40% of the domestic market share. All the counties (cities, districts) in the whole city 10 are listed as provincial-level demonstration counties for under-forest economy, and 87 demonstration bases for under-forest economy have been established, with an area of10.7 million mu, achieving an economic output value of/kloc-0 1.654.38+0.945 billion yuan. After more than 20 years' development, Fujian Shengnong Industrial Co., Ltd. has developed into a characteristic modern agriculture with highly integrated primary, secondary and tertiary industries under the jurisdiction of Fujian Shengnong Development Co., Ltd., Fujian Shengnong Food Co., Ltd., Guangze Shengnong Catering Development Co., Ltd., Guangze Xingrui Liquefied Gas Co., Ltd. and Fujian Shengnong Organic Fertilizer Factory. The barley industry in Pucheng county has also been well developed. At present, there are 20 professional cooperatives of coix seed in the county, with a planting area of 26,000 mu, which are distributed in towns and villages such as Lu Guan, Guancuo and Jiumu.

(3) Innovating the operation mechanism. Shunchang County has set up a "Shunchang County Forestry Financial Service Center" with the county forestry bureau and credit cooperatives as the main body. With the forest assets of 360,000 mu of state-owned forest farms in the county as the guarantee and the full guarantee of commercial banks, it provides forest farmers with services such as forest right evaluation, forest right mortgage loan guarantee, and disposal of forest rights when mortgage loans default, turning living trees into living money and solving the financing problems of enterprises and forest farmers. Nanping Xiangtong Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. was established on June 5438+ 10, 2005. After years of efforts, it has developed into a leading enterprise of modern agricultural industrialization integrating planting, processing and sales. There is a 10 standard pollution-free vegetable planting base and a 3,300-mu and 4,000-square-meter standardized pollution-free vegetable processing workshop, and 53 varieties have passed the national pollution-free product certification (the most varieties in the same industry in the province). In Fuzhou, Xiamen and other cities, major supermarkets set up brand counters for sales. At the same time, in 20 14, they began to invest in the network management system platform and the construction of e-commerce distribution team in the "Wuyi Yifangtian" micro-mall, which pioneered the business model of home delivery of pollution-free vegetables by e-commerce members in our province and launched online sales of vegetables. At present, there are 3,800 direct selling members, and the fresh vegetables delivered directly to the door every year are 1.500 tons, and the sales income of e-commerce is 20 million yuan.

Second, the main problems

Generally speaking, the characteristic agriculture in our city is still in the primary stage of development, and there are still problems such as insufficient scale, insufficient strength, insufficient brand, insufficient industrial chain and insufficient support policies.

(A) the scale is not large enough

The difficulty of land circulation is the main reason for the small scale of characteristic industries. Although our city issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating Rural Land Circulation to Promote Scale Operation (Trial)", established a three-level land circulation service platform at county, township and village levels, provided financing guarantee institutions for land circulation, and strengthened guidance on land circulation, the land circulation rate was still low. The transfer area of rural land in the city is only 8 1.37 million mu, with a transfer rate of 27.8%. Because the land cannot be transferred and concentrated, operators who are willing to expand production cannot further expand their business scale, and the industrial scale is generally small. It is understood that the main reasons for the difficulty in rural land transfer are: 1, farmers depend on land cultivation for a living, and after land transfer, they have the advantages of losing land and unemployment. Land rent cannot meet all the needs of families and they are unwilling to transfer land. 2. After farmers' land transfer, the purchased production tools, machinery and equipment and other input assets are idle, causing losses and unwilling to transfer land. 3. Some farmers want to get the maximum benefit from land transfer, and some farmers put forward excessive requirements for land transfer compensation, which increases the difficulty of land transfer. 4. Some village committees are not enthusiastic about land circulation, thinking that land circulation is not good for them, the wealth of the village has not increased, and the affairs are complicated, so they do not actively support land circulation.

(B) the strength is not strong enough

First, the supporting infrastructure construction is weak. Our city is located in hilly and mountainous areas, with scattered cultivated land, insufficient farmland infrastructure such as water, electricity and roads, poor production conditions and weak ability to resist natural disasters.

Second, the leading industries are not prominent, and the characteristic advantages are not obvious. The regional planting scale of "one county, one industry, one village and one product" has not yet been formed, and the characteristics have not really formed an advantage. For example, after years of efforts, Yanping Lily has grown to 4,000 mu with an output value of 240 million yuan, but in the whole agriculture, compared with Yanping District, it is not the leading industry.

Third, the lack of characteristic agricultural insurance business has become a reason why the industry is not strong. Except for rice and forest, other areas such as characteristic agriculture are not insured, which also increases the risk of developing characteristic modern agriculture. For example, thousands of acres of lotus fields outside Zhenghe County were flooded during the flowering period, resulting in a loss of more than 2 million yuan. Because there is no insurance, all the losses are borne by farmers.

(C) the brand is not good enough

The performance is that there is no characteristic brand and the market competitiveness is not strong. Many products have characteristics in the county, but there are not many characteristics and advantages outside the county and outside the city, and there is a lack of real brand-name and fist products. For example, spinach in Jian 'ou ji yang, Alisma orientale and spinach in Pucheng are well-known in the county, but not well-known outside the county, and the sales market is basically limited in the county.

(D) The industrial chain is not long enough

First, there is a lack of powerful leading enterprises. Leading enterprises are not only few in number, but also small in scale, among which there are many primary processing enterprises with limited driving ability, and the characteristic resources basically stay in the state of selling raw materials and primary processing. For example, although the barley in Pucheng has developed to a certain scale, the deep processing of barley can't keep up, and it basically stays in the state of selling raw materials.

Second, the degree of industrialization is not high, and the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not good. Most characteristic agricultural enterprises only produce raw materials, and only some of them have processed raw materials. However, there are very few enterprises like Shengnong Company that have achieved three industrial integration development and formed a relatively complete, closely connected and organically linked industrial chain from pre-production, mid-production and post-production of agricultural production.

Support policies are not strong enough.

First, the subsidy policy is unreasonable. Taking the construction of protective fruit and vegetable greenhouses as an example, there are the following problems in the project implementation: 1, and the threshold of starting compensation area is high. The landform of our city is mainly mountainous and hilly, and the provincial standard of 20 mu concentrated contiguous destitute areas is still high. 2. The subsidy standard is low. The cost of greenhouse is about 20,000 yuan per mu, which only saves 5,000 yuan, accounting for only 25% of the cost. The proportion of farmers' self-raised funds is too high, which makes it difficult to popularize facility agriculture.

Second, the policy implementation is not in place. Taking Shunchang seafood mushroom production as an example, the production electricity consumption is 0.6806 yuan/kWh, which is 0.66 1 1 yuan/kWh higher than the industrial electricity price of county-level network in northern Fujian, and the production cost per ton of seafood mushroom products increases by 260 yuan. The varieties of fresh mushrooms are not listed in the catalogue of fresh agricultural products, so they can't enjoy the preferential policy of green channel for the circulation of fresh agricultural products, and the transportation cost increases by 300 yuan per ton. At the end of 20 13, our province began to implement the preferential policy of 30% electricity consumption for provincial farmers' entrepreneurship parks (including provincial farmers' entrepreneurship demonstration bases), but most characteristic agricultural enterprises are not in the "two parks" and cannot enjoy the preferential policy.

Third, the problem of financing difficulties is more prominent. In terms of direct financing, because most characteristic agricultural enterprises are in the early stage of development, the scale is relatively small and the strength is relatively weak, and they do not have the conditions for direct listing financing. In terms of indirect financing (loans), although financial institutions such as Agricultural Bank of China and Rural Commercial Bank provide a series of agricultural loan products. Taking rural commercial banks as an example, agricultural loan products include micro-credit loans for farmers, rural youth entrepreneurship loans, farmers' joint guarantee loans, women's entrepreneurship loans, lily loans, inclusive financial cards and other financial products. The loan products that support rural enterprises include: small enterprise guarantee loans, small and micro enterprise mortgage loans, guarantee company guarantee loans, and small and micro enterprise forest right mortgage loans. However, the amount of loan products is relatively small and the term is short. For farmers and enterprises, only emergency turnover can be solved, which can not meet the needs of medium and long-term investment and development. Due to the harsh conditions of collateral identification and imperfect guarantee system, it is very difficult to borrow money.

Third, some suggestions.

Developing characteristic modern agriculture is an important way for our city to develop from a traditional agricultural city to a strong agricultural city. In particular, some counties with weak industrial base and good agricultural production conditions and foundations should focus on the deep processing of regional characteristic agricultural products, strive to become bigger, stronger and better characteristic agriculture, extend the industrial chain, promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries and promote the all-round economic development. At this stage, we should focus on the following issues.

(A) do a big characteristic agriculture

First, we must strengthen land circulation. Characteristic agriculture must have a moderate scale to be effective, so it is necessary to change the traditional small-scale production mode of "one acre and three points" and expand the scale of characteristic industries through land transfer. Departments at all levels should conscientiously implement the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating Rural Land Circulation to Promote Scale Operation (Trial)", improve the service platform and financing guarantee institutions for land circulation in counties, townships and villages, strengthen the guidance on land circulation, and promote the orderly transfer of rural land contractual management rights to large professional households, family farms, farmers' cooperatives and agricultural enterprises, and finally realize the goal of developing characteristic industries. To solve the problem of difficult land transfer, Pucheng County suggested taking the following measures: 1, encouraging township and village organizations, and striving for provincial subsidies of RMB 100 per mu for large households (inflowing parties) whose rural land has been transferred for more than three years. 2, encourage enterprises in accordance with the relevant labor laws and regulations, relatively stable employment of farmers after land transfer, in order to solve the worries of farmers lost land and unemployment.

Second, we must strengthen the cultivation of new agricultural management entities. To scale up the industry, we need not only land, but also people who are good at management. It is generally believed that having high-quality agricultural management talents and labor force is a prerequisite for developing modern characteristic agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training of new agricultural business entities, such as agricultural business entities, heads of professional cooperatives, family farmers and large-scale farmers, and improve their business knowledge and management level. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the guidance of farmers' professional cooperatives, promote their standardized operation and improve the level of organization.

(2) Strengthening characteristic agriculture

First, vigorously develop modern agriculture with facilities. It is necessary to take the development of facility agriculture as a breakthrough, promote the development of modern agriculture with characteristics, make full use of it, introduce subsidy policies for facility agriculture and preferential policies for electricity consumption, and do a good job in the construction of modern facility planting and breeding bases such as fruits and vegetables, edible fungi, flowers, livestock and poultry, and fisheries. Through the construction of facilities, the land output rate will be improved and the ability to resist natural disasters will be enhanced.

Second, we must vigorously cultivate leading enterprises. According to different enterprises, different countermeasures should be taken. First, promotion. For the leading enterprises with obvious advantages, good market prospects and strong driving ability, we should concentrate on cultivating provincial and municipal leading enterprises to play a greater driving role. The second is transformation. For enterprises with general operating conditions but certain assets, it is necessary to increase the mobilization of reform and restructuring, introduce enterprises with financial strength and good brands for grafting transformation, and make them grow up as soon as possible by injecting funds and innovating mechanisms. The third is training. Small processing enterprises with obvious characteristics, close relationship with farmers' income and great development potential should be helped to improve product grades and market competitiveness, expand industrial scale, improve development level and play a leading role.

Third, strive to speed up the construction of the park. It is necessary to give full play to the role of the park as a demonstration window, gathering platform and entrepreneurial carrier, and strive to build "one area, three parks and nine bases" proposed in the Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting Rural Reform and Accelerating the Development of Modern Agriculture with Characteristics into a demonstration window for the transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture in our city.

(3) Do a good job in characteristic agriculture

One is to improve the standardization level of products. It is necessary to speed up the establishment and improvement of the characteristic agricultural standardization system. Take the development of pollution-free agricultural products and green organic food as the standardization direction, guide leading enterprises to establish brand awareness, increase brand investment, and carry out standardized production in strict accordance with brand requirements.

Second, strive to build a brand of characteristic agricultural products. At present, there are few well-known, influential and well-known brands in our city, so it is urgent to integrate resource advantages, highlight market orientation and make a number of characteristic agricultural brands bigger and stronger. It is necessary to comprehensively sort out the city's characteristic agricultural products and accelerate the creation of a number of new brands on the basis of consolidating and maintaining a number of old brands. It is necessary to intensify the promotion of products, give full play to the organization and coordination functions of government departments, increase the publicity of the whole province and even the whole country, and expand the marketing of characteristic agricultural products in foreign markets by establishing purchase and sale cooperation and docking agricultural supermarkets.

(4) Extending the characteristic agricultural industrial chain.

Extending industrial chain is the key to developing characteristic modern agriculture. Leading enterprises with strength should take Shengnong Company as an example and develop themselves into modern agriculture with characteristics integrating production, processing, marketing and e-commerce.

First, vigorously develop the processing industry, promote the transformation of characteristic resources and increase the added value of products. It is necessary to further open agriculture to the outside world, increase investment attraction in agriculture, focus on introducing all kinds of capital into agricultural development, establish agricultural enterprises, and carry out deep processing and development of characteristic agricultural products. Special attention should be paid to the introduction of deep processing enterprises with a certain planting scale, such as Coix seed, Dangui and Sapindus mukoraiensis.

Second, we should expand the market of featured products. It is necessary to change the traditional small-scale peasant economic model of "promoting blue and selling small", build a diversified sales system, enrich marketing channels and methods, realize online and offline development with the help of e-commerce and promote the sales of characteristic agricultural products. At present, it is especially necessary to carry out scientific planning and rational layout, and strive to build a good agricultural product trading market with characteristics in northern Fujian.

Third, we should focus on docking "internet plus" and promote the integration and development of three industries. We should actively adapt to the new normal of economic development, actively integrate into the tide of Internet economy, combine "internet plus" with "Green+",develop new formats such as e-commerce, promote the integrated development of e-commerce and characteristic modern agriculture, and promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

(five) to provide effective services for the development of characteristic agriculture.

First, we must conscientiously implement various support policies promulgated by the state and the province. In particular, it is necessary to implement preferential policies such as the construction of protected fruit and vegetable greenhouses, the green channel for the circulation of fresh agricultural products, and electricity consumption for agricultural production, and actively reflect them to the province: 1. Adjust the subsidy policy for the construction of protected fruit and vegetable greenhouses, reduce the initial compensation area standard for the construction of protected fruit and vegetable greenhouses in mountainous areas from 20 mu to 10 mu, and increase the subsidy ratio for the construction of protected fruit and vegetable greenhouses from 25% to 40%. 2. Adjust the catalogue of fresh agricultural products and include fresh mushrooms in the catalogue. In view of the continuous emergence of fresh agricultural products, especially new varieties of edible fungi, it is suggested that the fresh agricultural products that enjoy the preferential policies of green channel in circulation in the future should be based on categories (such as edible fungi) rather than specific varieties. 3. It is suggested that enterprises engaged in characteristic agricultural production outside the park should be assessed according to the standards set by provincial farmers' pioneer parks (including provincial farmers' entrepreneurship demonstration bases), and enterprises that meet the assessment standards should be given 30% electricity preference.

The second is to make full use of various policies and funds to support agriculture. Make full use of characteristic agricultural development projects, integrate all kinds of funds for benefiting farmers and supporting agriculture, bundle them and increase investment in the construction of characteristic industrial bases. It is necessary to adjust the investment direction of financial funds and invest the limited financial funds in the development of leading enterprises, the safety inspection of agricultural products and the creation of brand-name products. Especially for enterprises and industries that can not only increase farmers' income, but also increase fiscal revenue, we should focus on investment.

Third, we must effectively solve the problem of financing difficulties. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of agricultural loan mortgage guarantee system. 1. mortgage: make good use of the policy of modern agricultural credit risk compensation fund in the province, innovate financial credit products through the forms of rural land contractual management right, forest right mortgage, facility mortgage and expected income pledge of land products, expand the scope of effective collateral in rural areas, and improve the investment and financing level of business entities. On May 15, the State Council issued "Guiding Opinions on Launching the Pilot Project of Rural Contracted Land Management Right and Farmers' Housing Property Right Mortgage Loan", the main purpose of which is to endow the "two rights" with mortgage financing function, revitalize the property attribute of farmers' land usufructuary right and promote the innovation of rural financial products and services. Our city should actively carry out the work of "being proactive and striving to be a pilot unit". 2. Guarantee: On July 22nd, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Financial Support for Establishing Agricultural Credit Guarantee System, which was formulated by the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and the China Banking Regulatory Commission. The "Opinions" put forward that we should strive to establish and improve the framework of agricultural credit guarantee system with China characteristics and covering the whole country in three years. It mainly includes national agricultural credit guarantee institutions, provincial agricultural credit guarantee institutions and city and county agricultural credit guarantee institutions. Our city should take the initiative to dock and establish a perfect agricultural loan guarantee system as soon as possible. On the other hand, it is necessary to encourage and guide qualified enterprises to go public for direct financing, vigorously advocate bond issuance and crowdfunding financing, promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and then promote the development of modern agriculture with characteristics.

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