How to plant yam in Shaoxing area

Yam likes high temperature and dry environment. Its tuber germination temperature is about 65438 00℃, its growth temperature is 20℃, and its optimum growth temperature is 25~28℃. The light requirement is not strict in the growing period, but it grows well in the plots with sufficient light. Tubers are deeply buried in the soil, which are drought-resistant and waterlogged-resistant, and need sufficient water at the initial stage of growth. According to the above characteristics of Chinese yam, choose excellent varieties according to local conditions.

At present, there are three kinds of cultivated species: long column species, flat column species and cylindrical species. The tubers of long-column varieties are cylindrical and about 30- 100 meters long. According to the investigation, the maximum length is 140em and the diameter is 3-5em. The soil layer is deep, suitable for farming in the fertile and loose soil with deep upper layer and no tiles and gravel. Locally known as oxtail yam. Flat planting, such as sole of foot, is shallow and suitable for cultivation on shallow and sticky land, commonly known as sole yam. Cylindrical seed potatoes are short or irregular, with high yield but poor taste, and the maximum weight can reach 20kg/ potato, which is locally called Tuo Yam. Sayingpan Town mainly grows oxtail yam.

Second, seed potato treatment

There are three breeding methods of yam: cutting propagation, terminal bud propagation or breeding with yam seeds, so the treatment methods are different. Adventitious buds can be produced in all parts of long yam tuber, which can be propagated in 5- 10cm long segments, but the branches with terminal buds have the strongest growth potential. Flat-seeded yam can only germinate at the top, so when cutting into pieces, try to make each seed potato have a bud hole at the top (200-300g is appropriate). After cutting, soak the incision with plant ash and put it in the sun for 1-2 hours. After the callus is formed, sow, and the amount of seeds used per hectare is 3750-4500 kg. Some varieties can be propagated with yam seeds from vines. Generally, good yam seeds are picked on September 9- 10/0 of that year and stored for sowing in the next spring. This propagation method is mostly used for introduction, cultivation or breeding of fine varieties.

Third, the planting ditch is opened and the straw is treated.

Yam doesn't require much soil, and sandy loam with loose, fertile, deep and slightly acidic soil is the best. It is not suitable for continuous cropping and grows well in plots with sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrients. According to the characteristics of yam varieties and tuber depth, select plots with good drainage, deep soil layer and no gravel, and apply 25-45 tons of decomposed farmyard manure per hectare. After leveling, turn the plot deeply, expose it to the sun, kill the diseased eggs, and make the clods loose and breathable. After 65,438+0-2 weeks, the clods were flat and broken. Open a planting ditch with a width of 70 cm and a depth of 70- 100 cm, and the distance between two ditches is 70-80 cm. Cut corn stalks and other wastes into small pieces of 10- 15em, mix them with soil, fill them in planting ditches, and water them. Straw is mixed with ordinary superphosphate, potassium sulfate or compound fertilizer, and the amount of superphosphate per hectare is about 1500kg, or 900kg of compound fertilizer.

Fourth, sow seeds.

Sowing is usually carried out in March-April. According to the row spacing of 20cmx40cm, sow in the prepared planting ditch with a depth of 5- 10cm. Put yam flat on the bottom of the ditch, apply human basal fertilizer intensively, and then cover it with 10- 15cm soil. Intercropping konjac, beans and other crops with fast growth, short plant shape and no vines in planting ditches.

Five, water and fertilizer management

After sowing, the seed potato itself has high water content, and the straw has been watered and permeable, so it can be watered temporarily. Watering should be done every 15 days according to the weather to help seedlings emerge. After entering the rainy season, it is necessary to clear the ditch and drain water to prevent the yam tuber from being flooded and rotted, and water it in time in case of drought during the vigorous growth period.

Combined with intertillage and topdressing for 3-4 times during the growth period. When pulling vines, water human excrement or pig excrement 1: 5 15t/hm2 once, and cultivate the soil in time. Applying 1: 3 manure water 22.5-30t/hm2 and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 7.5kg/hm2 at flowering stage and tuber expansion stage respectively is beneficial to tuber expansion.

Six, chajia, pruning, picking leaves.

Yam is a vine, which grows rapidly. When the seedlings grow to about 30cm, they should be checked for nails. Choose a 2-meter-long trunk with a thickness of 3-5cm, or a bean stem from last year with a distance of about 80cm, and insert it in the center of the planting ditch to facilitate the winding of the left and right vines. The axillary buds with overgrowth of stems and vines or meristems should be removed in time. Intercropping crops, such as dense flora or crops with old leaves or diseased leaves, should also be removed or thinned to avoid shielding or hiding the harm of mountain rats.

Seven, pest control

The diseases of yam include black spot, leaf spot and anthracnose, and the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention" should be adopted for prevention and control.

Firstly, selecting disease-resistant varieties and disease-free potatoes, and soaking them in Bordeaux solution of1:150 for 10 minute for disinfection before sowing; Secondly, clean up the field, pick up the diseased plants and residues, and dig deep into the plot after harvesting; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be reasonably matched, and too much nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied; In the early stage of the disease, carbendazim, bactericide and Bordeaux mixture were used for timely prevention and control, and 1-2-year rotation was implemented in the severely affected plots. Chinese yam pests include grubs and grubs, which can be controlled by mixing trichlorfon with poison bait 500 times.

Eight, harvest

At the end of June, 5438+ 10, the growth of Chinese yam entered the late-maturing stage. When it was frosted, the leaves turned yellow and the tuber growth stopped, so it could be harvested and marketed. The harvest period can be extended from the end of June of that year 10 to March of the following year as required. Early harvest, low yield, poor quality, not resistant to storage and transportation. Long planting soil is deep and easy to break. When digging, a narrow ditch with a length of 1.5m, a depth of 1. 1m and a width of about 0.40m can be dug along the planting belt at one side of the planting ditch. Carefully cut the pits on both sides and loosen the soil until the tubers are exposed, then slowly take them out and gently put them in. After the first harvest, you can dig forward to prevent the tuber from breaking, so as not to reduce its economic value.

After harvesting, use a brush to remove the soil and attachments from the tuber, pick up the damaged tuber and put it in the basket for listing. The yam for sale should be placed in a ventilated and dry room and buried with grass, and the humidity should not be too high.