How do tornadoes form?

When the volume of water vapor is reduced due to cooling, the gas in the surrounding supplementary space comes unevenly, forming a tornado.

The process of tornado formation: the water on the ground absorbs heat and turns into steam, which rises to the upper layer of the steam layer in the sky. Due to the low temperature of the upper steam layer, the steam volume decreases, the specific gravity increases and the steam decreases. Due to the high temperature below the steam layer, it absorbs heat during the falling process, rises again when it is cold, and then falls. So the gas molecules gradually contract and finally concentrate at the bottom of the steam layer, where a low temperature zone is formed.

Water vapor is concentrated in the low temperature area, forming clouds. The cloud is getting bigger and bigger, the temperature difference between the upper and lower clouds in the cloud is getting smaller and smaller, the fluctuation range of water vapor molecules is getting bigger and bigger, the convection between the upper and lower clouds is getting stronger and stronger, and the water vapor rising under the cloud is rising linearly.

In the process of rising, water vapor molecules shrink smaller and smaller when they are cold, showing a funnel shape. The cooling volume of the rising water vapor molecules is shrinking, and the gas molecules under the cloud constantly replenish the space, resulting in strong winds.