The weather in Gul, Wusu City

The name of Taklimakan Desert in Xinjiang Uygur language means an inaccessible place, a veritable "sea of death" on land. Why did the Taklimakan Desert cause great headaches for sand control people in past dynasties? What's the difference between it and other deserts in China? If the Taklimakan desert really becomes a grassland, is it a good thing? Let Bian Xiao take you into this legendary Tarim Basin with thousands of years of history.

Taklimakan Desert is a special desert in China. The desert is more than 0/000 km long from east to west and 400 km long from north to south, with a total area of 337,600 square kilometers, which is about equivalent to the land area of Germany. The average annual precipitation is less than 100mm, and it is located in the middle of Tarim Basin. The climate type is warm temperate desert, surrounded by Populus euphratica forests and shrubs, and stationed nearby.

Taklimakan desert is located near the 400 mm isoprecipitation line, and the drought problem is serious. It is precisely because of the lack of precipitation that sand-fixing plants cannot survive in pieces. The desert highway extending to Tarim basin is called the road of hope. Desert highway has become a famous landscape in Xinjiang, with a total length of 552 kilometers, which is a miracle. Maintenance stations, protected forests and cultivated land have been established along the desert highway.

Through the flowing desert, you will see a special oil city. There are countless mysterious historical sites and treasures hidden under the vast sand sea, which makes tourists imagine. For thousands of years, the whole desert has moved to the southwest by about 100 km. The local government in Xinjiang has invested hundreds of millions of yuan to control land desertification and soil erosion, and by the end of 2009, it has planted about10 billion mu of shelter forest. Ganjiahu Nature Reserve is located in Gultu Ranch, Wusu City, and it controls 6,543,809 mu of desertified land. The greening and protection work in Ganjiahu Nature Reserve has achieved remarkable results. Although the sand prevention and forest protection in key areas have achieved remarkable results, it seems that there is no way to make remarkable progress in mobile desert areas in a short time.

On the one hand, it is of course a natural shortcoming caused by geographical factors. On the other hand, the surrounding mountains and rivers are green, the mainstream water source is scarce, and evaporation is strong. The evaporation is 2500 to 3400 mm per year, and the temperature is hot, about 70 degrees during the day. The wind has obvious influence. Even if drought-resistant crops are planted in the desert, the survival rate is not particularly ideal, only about 30%. However, the industrious and brave people of China did not give up, but increased their scientific and technological achievements.

China has eight deserts, accounting for nearly a quarter of China's land area. When people talk about deserts, they often think of the well-managed Mu Us Desert. Mu Us Desert is located at the junction of three provinces. Known as "bad water" in Mongolian, it covers an area of about 42,000 square kilometers, and the local annual precipitation is about 400 to 600 ml. This is not an extremely dry area. Coupled with the local people's experience and strong determination to control desertification for generations, with the support of government departments and scientific research, the speed of controlling desertification has been accelerating since 1960, and more and more areas are not only committed to desert transformation, but also begin to develop green economy and tourism industry.

In fact, the magnificent desert scenery is very suitable for providing urbanites with another way to relax, which also brings people in desert areas a way to get rich. Whether it's planting Salix psammophila, upgrading aquaculture, or landing projects in photovoltaic field and traditional local economy, people are no longer afraid of desert, but now they are taking a long-term view, constantly exploring ecological industrialization and industrial ecologicalization, and starting to look for new opportunities for desert governance and economic transformation. The successful management of Mu Us Desert has made the sand control mode of China move towards.

Mu Us Desert is located in Yulin City, Shanxi Province, which is equivalent to the land area of Denmark. Mu Us belongs to sandy land, not a desert caused by natural forces. This also means that as long as it is managed scientifically and professionally, good results can be achieved. Fresh water is the first condition for transforming sandy land. If there is no suitable fresh water source for conservation, the greening of sandy land may be futile. In less than ten years, the local people used willow shrub vegetation. Effective use of surrounding water sources and topography, the Mu Us Desert has been successfully transformed, and the sand conversion rate has reached 70%. More than half of the northwest desert magically disappeared, and the sandstorm weather in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei was effectively improved.

Seeing that the Mu Us Desert has been effectively managed, Bian Xiao can't help but wonder if the Taklimakan Desert can become an oasis, is it good news for Xinjiang? However, the result was unexpected. If this desert turns into grassland, it means that the precipitation in Xinjiang has increased. With the increase of precipitation, the vegetation coverage in this area will increase, which is accompanied by excessive water consumption. We can imagine that such a large-scale water consumption, not to mention that the vegetation on the grassland can not support, even the oasis formed around it is born to die. It can be seen that once the Taklimakan desert becomes a grassland, its harm is even greater.

In addition, there is a difference between sand control and sand control. The problem of sand control cannot be achieved overnight, nor can it be spread all over the world overnight. It is necessary to know how to make scientific policies according to local conditions, such as the "straw grid sand fixation method" adopted in Mu Us area, scientifically diverting water to pull sand, and flooding to the ground. Because of this, the sediment transported to the Yellow River in Yulin area has been reduced from 654.38+0.6 billion to 400 million tons, and the sharp decline of soil erosion has made the mother river even worse.

First of all, the huge number, coupled with the comprehensive effect of mobile sand dunes and wind, makes the transformation very difficult, and the highly arid areas are not suitable for the growth and development of plants, so there is no doubt that the economic investment and human and material resources for the transformation of Taklimakan have been increased, and more researchers are expected to make suggestions and provide wisdom and solutions for desert control.