Disaster prevention and avoidance knowledge contest

1 earthquake

2, food, long rope, whistle, water

3. When there is an earthquake at home, you should quickly run to the bathroom, kitchen and other places with small space and support.

When an earthquake happens, it is best to turn off the gas and switch quickly, and never go to the balcony.

Or escape by elevator, or jump off a building.

If you are swept into the water by the flood, try your best to catch the boards, boxes, wardrobes and other things floating in the water. Or climb to a safe place nearby.

6. If you suddenly fall in the snow and ice, try not to support the ground with your hands, but consciously use the soles of your feet.

Landing to increase the stress area.

7. The place where the fire happened; Burning substance; ; The size of the fire; Whether there are people trapped or injured; Name and telephone number of the caller.

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8. When fleeing from the fire, you should move quickly in the lowest position or prone position as much as possible, and cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel.

9. When encountering lightning in the open field, immediately put your feet together and put your arms together.

Head, try to lower the height of your body.

10. If bitten by a cat or dog, rabies vaccine and tetanus antitoxin should be injected within 24 hours. .

Second, contact.

(1) Don't rub your eyes and wash your hands frequently. -Prevention of pink eye disease

Quickly hide your body under a solid object. -Prevention of explosion

Wash your hands frequently, drink boiled water, eat cooked food and ventilate frequently. -Prevention of hand, foot and mouth disease

Pay attention to the weather changes and increase or decrease clothes in time. -Prevention of influenza

Don't hide from the rain under the tree and don't answer the phone. -Protection against lightning strikes

(2) Beat the object that can make a sound with a stone. Earthquake rescue signal

Use the lenses and mirrors of the eyes to reflect light and send out signals. -Fire distress signal

Swing with a flashlight and white cloth. -Flood distress signal

Text messages, notes, gestures. -Hijacking rescue signal

Third, the judge. Draw "√" after the correct answer and "×" after the wrong answer.

1. Don't lean forward or have a low center of gravity when you meet a crowded crowd. (right)

2. When bitten by a cat or dog, the most dangerous thing is not to wash the wound, but also to apply mercuric chloride and wrap it with gauze. (right)

In thunderstorm weather, it is safer to wear an umbrella than a raincoat. (error)

When you meet a wasp, you'd better squat down and wrap your head in clothes. (right)

When trapped in ruins, you can drink your own urine if you want to maintain your life. (right)

7. Save people quickly after the earthquake, save people first, only show your head to avoid suffocation, and then save another one. (error)

8. It was found that the water level in the pond suddenly dropped and the paddy field suddenly dried up. And landslides may occur. (right)

9. When you leave the classroom, you must leave quickly in order. (right)

10. Raw and cooked foods don't need to be placed and stored separately. (error)

Fourth, short answer questions.

1. How to avoid danger when being pushed down in a crowded crowd?

Put your head in your arm and try to curl up.

2. To prevent fire, we must achieve "three understandings and three meetings". What is "three understandings and three skills"?

Three understandings: understanding the fire danger should be (understanding the fire danger of one's post), understanding the fire extinguishing method and understanding the fire prevention measures;

Meeting for the third time: I will report the fire, but now I will use a fire extinguisher to escape and save myself.

3. Living in a tall building, in case of fire, what methods can you use to save yourself? (Write at least three kinds)

① Touch the door lock before opening the door to escape. If the temperature of the door lock is very high, it means that fire or smoke has blocked the exit of the door, and you must not open the door at this time. All doors and windows in the room should be closed, the crack of the door should be blocked with towels and quilts, and water should be poured to cool down. At the same time, use mobile phones and other communication tools to call the police.

If the temperature of the door lock is normal or there is no smoke coming in from the door, it means that the fire is still some distance away from you. At this time, you can open the door and observe the situation of the outside passage. When you open the door, put one foot on the lower frame of the door to prevent the heat wave from washing the door open. If you are sure that the fire does not pose a threat to yourself, you should escape from the fire as soon as possible.

(2) In case of smoke, cover your nose with a wet towel and quickly bend down to evacuate.

When passing through the dense smoke area, you should move quickly in the lowest position or prone position as much as possible, and cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel. Don't shrink back to narrow corners, such as corners, under tables, big closets, etc.

(3) Don't enter the elevator when you escape. The stairs can be used for emergency. The elevator is often prone to power failure, causing the elevator to be "blocked", and people in the elevator will be choked by smoke and toxic gases at any time.

(4) Be familiar with the escape route in advance, and understand and master the escape methods.

4. If you are buried in the ruins, how can you save yourself?

If you are buried in the ruins after the earthquake, you must hold your horses and build up your confidence in survival. I believe someone will come to save you, so you must do everything possible to stick to it and wait for help.

(2) Protect yourself from new injuries. After the earthquake, aftershocks will continue to occur, and your environment may deteriorate further. It will take some time to wait for help. Therefore, you should try to improve your environment, settle down and try to escape. Buried under the ruins, even if the body is not injured, there is still the danger of choking by smoke. Pay attention to cover your mouth and nose with towels, clothes or hands to avoid accidents. In addition, the idea is to get rid of hands and feet, and use hands and other possible moving parts to remove all kinds of objects pressing on the body. Use bricks, wood, etc. To support heavy objects that may collapse, try to expand the "safe space" and keep enough air for breathing.

③ Try to get out of danger and get in touch with the outside world. Listen carefully and see if there is anyone else around. When you hear the sound, knock on the iron pipe and the wall with stones to send out a distress signal. Observe whether there are passages or lights around, analyze and judge where you are and which direction you may escape from; Then try to clear the obstacles and open the passage. If there is room beside the bed, window, chair, etc. You can climb under it or lie on your back. When walking backwards, you should take off your coat and untie your belt with a leather buckle to avoid being caught by obstacles halfway. It's best to move to a place with light and air. Don't be too nervous, try to relax, otherwise it will be difficult to cross the narrow road. When your head slides down, don't put your hands in front of you, but put one hand on your side. This is a necessary measure to prevent your body from losing balance. Hold your chest alternately with your hands and slide your elbows down.

(4) If you can't escape temporarily, you should protect yourself patiently and wait for rescue. After being buried in the ruins, you should make a correct judgment about your environment and come to the conclusion that you should escape or wait for rescue. If it takes too long and takes too much effort to open the passage, don't run away by yourself. If the surroundings are very dangerous, with glass, unstable bedplates, circuits and pools, don't run away, or if your house is in disrepair and is likely to collapse when it vibrates, don't make a move. After making a decision to wait for rescue, try to save your strength. First, don't shout. Generally speaking, people trapped in the ruins can clearly hear the voices of people outside, while people outside can't easily hear the voices inside. So, if you can't hear someone outside, it's no use shouting. Only when you hear someone outside can you get good results. Long-term ineffective shouting will consume a lot of physical strength and increase the threat of death. There are many distress signals in contact with the outside world. In addition to shouting, you can also knock on pipes, walls and other methods that can be heard by the outside world. Secondly, during the period of being buried, try to find alternative food and water. As the saying goes, if we are hungry, we can only survive by doing so.

⑤ After getting out of danger by yourself, you should do the following: eliminate the danger, put out the open flame before leaving, turn off the gas switch, and cut off the power supply and fire source; Contact quickly and get in touch with your family, unit and school as soon as possible. According to the family reunion plan agreed before the earthquake, actively participate in mutual rescue activities, act under the guidance of relevant personnel, and help others with scientific methods.

5. What can be done to reduce the degree of food poisoning?

① Replenish liquid, especially boiled water or other transparent liquid;

(2) replenish electrolytes lost due to vomiting and diarrhea, such as potassium, sodium and glucose;

③ Avoid using acid generator;

4 don't stop diarrhea first, let the toxins in the body be discharged before consulting a doctor;

⑤ No need to induce vomiting;

6 diet should be light, eat digestible food first, and avoid food that is easy to stimulate the stomach.