Geographical information about China.

Soldier, let me answer: China's land and sea geographical location: East Asia, the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.

Latitude and longitude of China: The territory of China spans nearly 50 degrees from north to south, mostly in temperate zone, with a few in tropical zone and no frigid zone. The east-west span of China is more than 60 degrees longitude, and the time difference between the easternmost Wusuli River and the westernmost Pamirs is more than 4 hours.

2. Vast territory

China has a vast territory, with a total area of about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world and fourth in the United States, second only to Russian and Canadian countries. Almost as big as the whole of Europe. The four ends of China's territory are: the easternmost end is at the intersection of the central lines of the main waterways of Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers (135? E), the westernmost point is near the Pamirs (73? E), the east-west span is more than 60 degrees longitude, the distance between east and west is about 5000 kilometers, and the southern end is in Zengmu shoal (4? N), the northernmost point is on the center line of Heilongjiang main channel north of Mohe River (53? N) Yes, the north-south latitude is about 50 degrees, and the distance between north and south is about 5500 kilometers.

3. Borders and neighbouring countries

China has a land border of more than 20,000 kilometers, and there are 14 countries adjacent to China. It borders North Korea in the east, Russia and Mongolia in the north, and Kazakhstan in the northwest and southwest.

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan border on each other. The south borders Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar.

The coastline of Chinese mainland is18,000 kilometers long, with the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea bordering from north to south. China's territorial sea refers to the sea area extending from the coastal baseline to 12 nautical mile. Bohai Sea and Qiongzhou Strait are the inland seas of China. There are more than 5,000 large and small islands such as Taiwan Province Island, Hainan Island, Zhoushan Islands and South China Sea Islands along the coast. Our neighbors across the sea are: Korea, Japan, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia.

4. Administrative divisions

At present, China's administrative regions are basically divided into provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), counties (autonomous counties) and townships (towns). Provincial administrative units include 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 2 special administrative regions. Historically, China has been divided into six regions: Northeast China, North China, East China, Central South China, Southwest China and Northwest China. Hong Kong, Kowloon and Macau are part of our territory. The Chinese and British governments signed a joint declaration on the question of Hong Kong in 1984 12, and our government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong on 1 July, 9971,and established the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, implementing "one country, two systems".

The governments of China and Portugal signed a joint declaration on Macao in April 1987, reaffirming that Macao was taken over by China. Our government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao 1999 to 65438+February 20th, and Macao under the exercise of sovereignty in China implemented "one country, two systems". 1. 1, the topographic features of China.

The topography of China is complex and diverse, including five kinds of topography: plain, plateau, mountain, hill and basin. The mountainous area is vast, accounting for about 2/3 of the national area. The terrain is high in the west and low in the east, which is roughly distributed in three steps. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the southwest, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters, is the first step. The west of the eastern line of Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the first level are the second level, with an altitude of 1000m-2000m, which is mainly composed of plateaus and basins. To the east of the second level, the land surface above sea level is the third level, and the altitude is mostly below 500 meters, mainly hills and plains.

The complex and diverse terrain forms a complex and diverse climate; China's topography is high in the west and low in the east, which is ladder-shaped, which is conducive to the moist air going deep into the inland and supplying a lot of water vapor; Make the river roll eastward and communicate with east-west traffic; The river flows from the higher steps to the lower steps, and the current is swift, generating huge water energy.

2. L. Temperature and temperature region

China belongs to the monsoon climate zone, and the temperature distribution in winter and summer is very different. The characteristics of temperature distribution are: the temperature in winter is generally low, it is hot in the south and cold in the north, and the temperature difference between the north and the south is large, with a temperature difference of nearly 50℃. The main reasons are: the sun shines directly in the southern hemisphere in winter, and the northern hemisphere gets less solar energy; Latitude influence: winter winds prevail in winter. In summer, the temperature in most parts of the country (except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) is generally high, and the temperature difference between north and south is not large. The main reasons are as follows: in summer, the sun shines directly in the northern hemisphere, and the northern hemisphere gets more heat; Summer monsoon prevails in summer, and the temperature in most parts of China rises to the highest value; In summer, the higher the height of the sun, the higher the latitude and the longer the day, which slows down the difference between the north and the south in receiving solar light and heat. The coldest place in winter is Mohe Town, and the hottest place in summer is Turpan. Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing are known as the "three furnaces" in China.

Frost-free period and growing period: Generally speaking, the frost-free period in all parts of China is gradually shortened from south to north and from coastal to inland.

The frost-free period is long, and the growing period of crops is long. On the contrary, it is short.

2. Precipitation and dry and wet areas

Distribution characteristics and causes of annual precipitation The spatial distribution of annual precipitation in China is characterized by decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.

Cause of formation: China faces the sea in the southeast and goes deep into Eurasia in the northwest, which makes China's water cycle gradually weaken from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. On the other hand, the summer monsoon, which can bring a lot of precipitation, is blocked by many mountains and the distance is getting farther and farther, and its influence gradually decreases from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.

Seasonal variation of precipitation The seasonal distribution of precipitation is very uneven in all parts of China, and the precipitation in most parts of the country is concentrated in May 5- 10/0. The precipitation in this period generally accounts for 80% of the whole year. As far as different areas in the north and south are concerned, the rainy season in the south starts early and ends late, while the rainy season in the north starts late and ends early.

Cause of formation: This time-varying feature of precipitation in China is inseparable from the movement of rain belt caused by the movement of monsoon center. In May, the warm and humid air from the north met the cold air from the south in Nanling, and the rain belt lingered, and the rainy season in South China began. In June, the rain belt moved to the Yangtze River valley with the front, and swayed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for about a month, with continuous rainfall. This is the season when plums are ripe, which is called the rainy season in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In July and August, the rain belt advanced with the front in North China and Northeast China, and the precipitation in North China increased obviously. In September, the cold air force in the north increased, and the rain belt quickly withdrew to the south of the Yangtze River with the front. Coupled with the cooperation of typhoon and rain, there is still more rain in South China at this time.

Regional distribution of precipitation: the distribution is extremely uneven, and the general trend is decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. The place with the most precipitation in China is Huoshaoliao in Taiwan Province Province, and the place with the least precipitation is Toksun in Turpan Basin.

Division of dry and wet areas in China; According to the relationship between precipitation and evaporation, China can be divided into four types of dry and wet areas from the southeast coast to the northwest inland: the general situation is as follows:

3. Main features of climate in China.

There are various types of climate, and continental and monsoon climate are the two major characteristics of China's climate. There are mainly tropical monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, temperate monsoon climate and temperate continental climate. Monsoon climate is characterized by: north wind blowing in winter, cold and dry; The south wind blows in summer, which is warm and humid.

Monsoon and the formation of monsoon: monsoon refers to the wind that changes direction with the season. The difference between land and sea is the main reason for the formation of China monsoon.

Monsoon area and non-monsoon area: traditionally, the area that is obviously affected by summer monsoon in China is called monsoon area; Areas that are not obviously affected by the summer monsoon are called non-monsoon areas. The boundaries are roughly as follows: the areas east and south of Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan-Bayankala-Gangdise Mountain are monsoon areas.

4. The main factors affecting the climate in China.

And location, terrain, monsoon. Position refers to the influence of latitude position and land and sea position; Topography refers to the influence of topography and the trend of mountains; Monsoon refers to the influence of winter monsoon and summer monsoon.

5. Advantages and disadvantages of climate and its influence on agricultural production.

The main advantages of China's climate are: the complex and diverse climate is conducive to the growth of many plants and crops, providing China with rich animal and plant resources; China has a vast monsoon climate zone, and the same period of rain and heat is conducive to the growth and maturity of crops, trees and pastures. The high temperature in summer expands the northern boundary of warm crops, and China is the northernmost country in the northern boundary of rice growth. The main disadvantages of China's climate are: influenced by monsoon intensity, the precipitation varies greatly every year, which is prone to floods and droughts; The disastrous weather caused by cold wave, frost and typhoon endangers the harvest of crops.