What's wrong with the strawberry grown at home?

Strawberry varieties, soil, climate, temperature difference, fertilization, lighting time, etc. Will cause strawberries to be neither big nor delicious nor sweet.

Share the characteristics of strawberry planting techniques;

1, strawberry cultivation characteristics?

(1) flower bud differentiation? Most strawberry varieties differentiated flower buds at 13 ~ 17℃ and 8 ~ 12 hours of sunshine. In the temperature range of 5 ~ 12℃, flower buds can differentiate regardless of the length of sunshine. When the temperature is above 30℃, flower buds can't differentiate regardless of the length of sunshine. When the temperature is lower than 4℃, the plant dormancy and flower bud differentiation stop. There are differences in low temperature and sunshine length required for flower bud differentiation among different varieties. ?

Strawberries bloom in autumn, spring and early summer. Grapes in the second season are not sensitive to the low temperature and sunshine length required for flower bud differentiation. In the second season, grapes differentiate flower buds in autumn and blossom and bear fruit in early summer, and differentiate flower buds in cold summer and long sunshine season, and then blossom and bear fruit in autumn and winter. The flower bud differentiation of raspberry in four seasons is not limited by low temperature and short sunshine, and it can blossom and bear fruit all year round. ?

(2) Flowering, pollination and fruit ripening? What is the average daily temperature of strawberries? Flowering begins above 10℃. Before flowering, the pollen grains in the anther were initially mature, and the germination ability was low, and the germination ability was the highest the next day after flowering. The optimum temperature for pollen germination was 25 ~ 27℃. The optimum temperature of the prescription is 14 ~ 2 1℃, and the critical maximum relative humidity is? 94%。 The temperature is too high or too low, the humidity is too high or the rain is too heavy, or the pollen is dry and broken after the medicine is prescribed, so that pollination cannot be carried out. The pistil receives the highest energy from the day of flowering to the fourth day after flowering. Pollen is spread by insects, wind and vibration. ?

The optimum temperature for fruit development is 65438 08 ~ 20℃ during the day and 65438 02℃ at night. The suitable temperature for fruit ripening is 17 ~? 30℃, the accumulated temperature is about? 600℃. From flowering to fruit ripening? 30~? The temperature on the 50 th is low and the maturity is slow. The fruit stalk is thick at suitable temperature and thin at high temperature. In the environment of insufficient sunshine intensity and low temperature, the fruit contains high aromatic compounds, pectin, pigments and vitamin C?

(3) dormancy phenomenon? From autumn to winter, under the influence of low temperature and short sunshine, dormant substances are synthesized and accumulated in leaves, and the whole plant is dwarfed, with short petioles and small and flat leaves. Short flower stalk, small fruit, low yield, no creeping, flower bud differentiation stop and dormancy. This is a cold-resistant physiological state that strawberry plants adapt to the low temperature in winter. After plants enter dormancy, it takes a certain period of low temperature (-5 ~ 8℃) to resume growth. The dormancy period varies with varieties, such as four-season berries, the shallow dormancy period is less than 50 hours, and the northern open-field varieties need 500 ~ 700 hours. The dormancy period of open-field cultivation generally starts from the middle of June 5438+10 to the following year. If the temperature is too low after the physiological dormancy is released, it is in a state of forced dormancy, and it can only enter normal growth after the sunshine is lengthened in warm spring. ?

2. What are the environmental requirements of strawberries?

(1) temperature? Strawberry roots began to move at 2℃. What is the optimum temperature for root growth? 17~ 18℃,? The root system accelerated aging above 30℃. Strawberry plants are neither heat-resistant nor cold-resistant, and begin to grow when the temperature reaches 5℃. The growth range is 10 ~ 13℃, and the optimum temperature is 15 ~ 25℃. Is the vine suitable for temperature? 20 ~ 30℃, leaf growth temperature? The photosynthetic efficiency of 13 ~ 30℃ decreased, with high temperature above 30℃ and low temperature below 15℃. Plants below-1℃ and above 35℃ have serious physiological obstacles. But the overwintering rhizomes can tolerate the low temperature of-65438 00℃. The weather in June-August is dry, hot and sunny, which has a serious inhibitory effect on strawberry growth. No new leaves grow, and old leaves sometimes burn or burn. Strawberries began to bloom at an average temperature of 65438 00℃. If the flowering period encounters low temperature or freezing injury below 0℃, the stigma will turn black and lose fertilization ability. ?

(2) illumination? Strawberry is a light-loving crop and has two requirements for light. The first is the requirement of light intensity. During the growing period, the light intensity around the leaves ranges from 25,000 to 60,000 lux. The stronger the light, the better the growth. The second is the requirement of sunshine length. There is no strict requirement on sunshine length in strawberry seedling stage and fruiting stage. From the point of view of photosynthesis, the longer the sunshine, the better. However, when the sunshine is too strong and accompanied by high temperature, shading and cooling measures should be taken. ?

(3) moisture? Strawberry has shallow roots and is not drought-tolerant, but because of more leaves, the leaves update faster and need more water. In order to solve the contradiction between large water demand and shallow roots, it is necessary to water more and keep the soil moist at all times. Generally speaking, the relative water content of soil during normal growth is not less than? 70%; Fruit needs water most when it grows and matures. What do you need? 80%; The flower bud differentiation stage needs less water and is in the? 60% is appropriate. ?

Strawberries are neither drought-resistant nor waterlogging-tolerant. The soil needs to have enough moisture and good air permeability. Long-term water accumulation in the field will seriously affect the growth of roots and plants and reduce disease resistance. In severe cases, the leaves will turn yellow and fall off. Pay attention to field drainage in rainy season. ?

(4) soil? Strawberry is a fibrous root crop, and most of its roots are distributed in 20 cm shallow soil, so the surface structure and texture of soil have a serious impact on the growth of strawberry. It is most suitable for fertile soil with rich organic matter, water retention, drainage and good ventilation. Grass and onion don't have strict requirements on soil. Sandy loam can promote early development and high yield in the early stage, but the soil is prone to drought, short fruiting period and low yield. On clay, plants grow slowly and bear fruit later, but they develop well two or three years after planting. Strawberries like slightly acidic soil, and the appropriate pH value is 5.5 ~ 6.0. ?

3. What are the main varieties of strawberries?

(1) all-star? Introduced from the United States to China. This plant is robust, upright and has a large crown. The leaves are big, short and round, and dark green. Peduncle grows upright, below the leaf surface. The fruit is large, the average single fruit weight 15 ~ 20g, and the maximum fruit weight is 50g. The fruit is cone-shaped, shoulder-wide, round at the apex, bright red and shiny. The fruit has hard surface, good storage resistance and good processing performance. The yield of middle and late maturing varieties is higher. Plants have strong heat resistance and disease resistance under high temperature and drought in summer. ?

(2) Bao Jiao was born early? This variety was introduced from Japan. Early-maturing varieties have extensive cultivation adaptability. The plant has vigorous growth potential, medium plant height, wide opening and more stolons, which is convenient for seedling raising and reproduction. Leaf blade oval, spoon-shaped, stipules light green, slightly pink. The fruit type is medium-sized, the average fruit weight of the first inflorescence is 10 ~ 20g, the fruit shape is conical, and the surface is bright red and shiny. Strong fragrance, fine meat, high quality, but not resistant to storage and transportation. High yield and weak plant disease resistance. Open land and protected land can be cultivated. ?

(3) Fengxiang? This variety was introduced from Japan. This plant grows sturdily and is more developed. The leaves are big and round, and the leaves are green and thick. The fruit is large, with average single fruit weight 10g, short cone shape and bright red and shiny fruit surface. It smells good and has good quality. High yield, early and middle maturity, moderate disease resistance, suitable for protected cultivation. ?

(4) Chunxiang? This variety was introduced from Japan. This plant is strong, upright and very fertile. The crown is big, the leaves are big and round, and the leaves are yellow and green. Average fruit weight 1 1g, wedge-shaped fruit, bright red surface and good quality. The yield is moderate, and the plant is weak in cold resistance and disease resistance. Suitable for protected cultivation. ?

4. Cultivation techniques of strawberry early maturity in spring? Early-maturing cultivation of strawberries in spring refers to the cultivation in protected areas when the natural dormancy of strawberries is basically over, but the external temperature is still very low and the plants are forced to hibernate, so as to make them grow and develop early, blossom and bear fruit. Maturity can be advanced by more than one month. In order to achieve early maturity, high yield and high quality, the following corresponding measures must be taken. ?

(1) Planting and management of mother plants? Choose a robust mother plant free from pests and diseases, especially verticillium wilt and virus disease. The fields for cultivating mother plants should also choose disease-free plots, and at the same time, the soil should be fertile, loose, flat and convenient for irrigation and drainage. Apply 3000 ~ 4000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and then plough up the border. When one side is trimmed, the width of the border is 2 ~ 2.5 meters; When trimming both sides, the border is 4 meters wide and the mother plant is planted in the center of the border. The planting period of mother plants is early April, one row per border, and the spacing between plants is 0.8 ~1.0m. After planting, water them fully. ?

Management of creeping period of mother plant: fully water and topdressing twice, with topdressing urea 10 ~ 15 kg per mu. Properly handle stolons, remove inflorescences, and pay special attention to weeding and insect prevention. ?

(2) Raising seedlings in the heel? In order to cultivate qualified strong seedlings, classes were held in July. Bed heel should choose a plot with loose soil, fertile soil and good drainage. The land planted with solanaceae vegetables is not suitable for nursery in strawberry fields. Don't turn the heel too deep on the bed, 15cm is better. After the heel of the bed is made, the seedlings can be transplanted. Nursery must be watered the day before emergence to reduce root damage. Each seedling was cut 2 ~ 3 cm by the vine on one side of the mother plant, and the other side was cut by the same root. It is best to transplant rice seedlings at the same time. The root density is 15cm× 15cm, and the depth is that the roots are embedded in the rhizome. Water your heels immediately and shade them if possible. /kloc-water twice a day for 0/~ 5 days. ?

In the first month after planting, the relative water content of soil can be kept at? 70%~? About 80%. Always remove vines and old leaves. One month later, watering and nitrogen application should be reduced to reduce the soil water content to about 60%, so as to increase the cell concentration in the body and promote flower bud differentiation. In areas with higher temperature and more rain, flower differentiation is difficult, so root cutting can be adopted to promote flower bud differentiation. The method is to cut off the fibrous roots on both sides or three sides of the seedling with a flat shovel, and the incision is about 5 cm away from the seedling. The seedling should have 5-6 robust spreading leaves and thick white roots, with a single seedling weight of 30-40g and a rhizome diameter of1.0 ~1.5cm.. ?

(3) Colonization? In spring, it is best to plant strawberries near the end of flower bud differentiation, usually from late September to early June. Before planting 15 days, apply organic fertilizer, 3000 ~ 5000 kg per mu and 50 kg compound fertilizer. Fine soil preparation, making a small high bed, planting two rows on each bed, with a spacing of 18 cm. Planting seedlings should choose strong seedlings with short petiole, many white roots, rich heart leaves, strong roots and no pests and diseases, and transplant them with soil. When planting seedlings, make the whole row of inflorescences face the same direction, which is convenient for later bedding and harvesting. Compacting the root soil and exposing the top bud. ?

(4) Post-colonial management?

Management from planting to covering and heat preservation? After strawberry planting, the survival should be promoted in time. In this short time, it is necessary to grow new roots and increase flower buds. Therefore, it is the key period of early-maturing cultivation, in which water management is the key. Under normal circumstances, continuous sunny days can be watered every 5 ~ 7 days, and the amount of watering is limited to the full moisture of the soil. After watering, intertillage the soil in time. Under suitable conditions, the heart leaves will stand upright on the second day after planting, and white fine roots with a length of 1 ~ 2 mm will grow after 3 ~ 4 days. ?

Cover the film to keep warm? The time of film mulching must be mastered. Because the film mulching time is the time when axillary buds enter differentiation, under normal climate conditions, the film mulching time should end at 10 and start at10. ?

From heat preservation to harvest management? When 5 ~ 6 new leaves grow, remove old leaves and dead leaves in time to promote growth. In order to prevent early fruit deformity, bees should be introduced into the protected area for auxiliary pollination a few days before flowering. ?

After flowering, the highest temperature should be controlled at 25 ~ 27℃. If the temperature in a sunny greenhouse or shed rises above 27℃, it can be properly ventilated. Appropriate ventilation should also be provided at noon on cloudy days to facilitate pollination. There are too many buds on the lateral flower branches of a single plant, which leads to insufficient nutrition, weak plant growth, ineffective flowers, small fruits and deformed fruits. From the bud stage, 2-3 lateral flower branches are left per plant, 3-5 flowers are borne per flower branch, 5- 14 per plant, and the rest are thinned. Before flowering, plastic film or wheat straw is used as an auxiliary cushion to prevent fruit from being polluted and rotted by soil and improve the rate of commercial fruit.