Give a few examples of little knowledge.

Newton's apple fell to the ground and thought of gravity (Newton's law)

Archimedes thought of buoyancy when he took a bath (Archimedes principle)

When the Wright brothers saw the winged bird, they thought of the plane.

Watt saw the steam of boiling water and thought of the steam engine.

Bai Juyi collected work materials every day and put them in jars in different categories, which provided a lot of materials for later poetry creation.

These are all examples of "seeing a little, and finally achieving something"

Specific examples:

1665 There is a plague in England. Cambridge University is temporarily closed. Newton was also forced to leave school and return to his hometown. Legend has it that Newton was sitting in the orchard at dusk the following autumn when a ripe apple suddenly fell from the tree. This ordinary event touched Newton's heart and reminded him of a very important problem in science.

It turned out that at that time, he was studying the gravity of the earth. After his preliminary research, he put forward a bold scientific hypothesis: the earth will attract not only apples, but also all objects on the surface of the earth, as well as distant satellites and other stars. He believes that this attraction can reach far, far places; But as the distance increases, the attraction will gradually weaken.

On August 9, 2009, William Morton was born in an ordinary peasant family in Charlton, Massachusetts, USA. Although parents are farmers, they know the importance of knowledge. They advocate that children should be allowed to learn, and only learning can get ahead. After completing his primary education, Morton successfully passed the prestigious Northfield Middle School in Massachusetts.

As a student, Morton was active in thinking and was an active member of various school activities. He is an atheist, never blindly obeys any questions and things, likes to think independently and likes to ask questions about why and how to do it.

However, just as Morton was preparing to continue his studies after graduation, his father was seriously ill. Morton had to pack his bags, give up the opportunity to go to college for further study, and go to Boston to find a job with the honor of being an excellent graduate of North Field Middle School.

Life in Boston is full of ups and downs for Morton. He worked as a clerk in a bank, a postman in a post office, a salesman in a shoe store ... he had to work hard during the day, go back to the slum to rest at night, and so on. During these days, he had a deep affection for the poor in Boston, met many patients, and deeply realized the importance of medicine. So Morton decided to pick up the long-lost textbooks and apply for medical school.

1837, Morton received a notice from Baltimore Dental College-he took the first step to become a doctor! The headmaster learned about Morton's life and exempted him from all expenses. Morton lived up to the headmaster's high hopes for him. During his three years in Baltimore Dental College, he studied hard and angrily. Because of his perseverance and suitable learning methods, he achieved excellent results in all subjects, especially medical chemistry. His medical talent and original spirit won the praise of teachers and students. Mortonna's strong will, hard work and spirit of exploring medicine laid a solid and reliable foundation for his later invention of anesthetic.

1840, William Morton graduated with honors. After graduation, Morton chose Boston to start his medical career.

1842 started practicing medicine with his classmate wells. Morton sympathized with the poor, often treated them for free, and his clinic often made ends meet, which accelerated the contradiction between him and Wells. A year later, they parted ways. Since then, Morton has continued to work as a dentist in Boston.

After a period of medical practice, Morton felt a deep lack of knowledge. So, in March of 1844, 25-year-old Morton enrolled in Harvard Medical School and still insisted on dental practice. Because of the need of work and study, he had to go back and forth. Intense work and study have greatly damaged his health. He only studied at Harvard Medical School for two semesters, and then left the school for physical reasons.

Morton's purpose of studying medicine is very clear, that is, for the motherland, for the people and for the benefit of mankind. He wrote in his diary: "Keep fighting, die for truth, die for science and people, and have no regrets." When the American Civil War broke out, he resolutely enlisted in the Union Army and became a military doctor. He worked in a field hospital for three years and treated thousands of wounded people.

Looking for anesthetics

/kloc-before the 0 th and 8 th centuries, doctors did not use anesthetics for surgery, and patients had to endure great pain when they were amputated. In order to prevent the patient from struggling, it is often necessary to tie the patient to the operating table, use bloodletting, stun the patient with a stick, and strangle the patient with a rope. Make the patient temporarily unconscious and then finish the operation quickly. Although this horrible surgical method can alleviate some of the pain of patients, the mortality rate of surgery is extremely high, and 60% people die during surgery.

About 50 years before Morton invented anesthetic, the famous British chemist David discovered nitrous oxide. He did experiments on himself first, and after inhaling nitrous oxide, he felt dizzy and intoxicated, which reduced people's inhibition ability and made people laugh easily. Therefore, he called nitrous oxide "laughing gas". David once imagined using it as an anesthetic, and published an article in the famous Physician magazine at that time, introducing the anesthetic effect of nitrous oxide. However, his idea did not attract people's attention at that time.

Morton is very interested in David's experimental results. Later, Morton's experiment confirmed that nitrous oxide had a partial anesthetic effect, but the anesthetic effect was not significant and lasted for a short time, and it had a certain inhibitory effect on the cerebral cortex, so it could not be safely used as an anesthetic.

So Morton went to the university to ask the famous chemistry professor Jackson for help. The professor spoke highly of the young man's research spirit and told his little-known experience: once when he was doing an experiment, he accidentally inhaled too much chlorine and his throat itched, so he ate a little ether to detoxify. Unexpectedly, he felt particularly comfortable after inhaling ether and soon fell asleep. Jackson also mentioned that an Oxford student inhaled ether through a handkerchief dipped in ether, and after inhaling it, he felt spinning and anesthetized. If Morton got the treasure, he intuitively felt that ether might be a better anesthetic than nitrous oxide. He began to experiment with water hyacinth, rabbits and dogs, and let the animals smell with absorbent cotton and ether. Soon the animals fell asleep. Morton repeated experiments, tried different doses, tested the relationship between anesthesia depth and awakening time, and obtained the safety data of animal weight and ether dosage. After various examinations, Morton came to the conclusion that giving proper amount of ether has no toxic reaction and does not harm the nervous system. After the success of this experiment, in order to extend it to the human body, Morton did another experiment on himself, and there was no uncomfortable reaction. In this way, there is the earliest record about the success of ether anesthesia in history.

1846 One night in the autumn, a patient named Frost walked into Morton's clinic and asked for a tooth extraction. Morton handed the handkerchief soaked in ether to the patient for him to inhale, and the patient gradually lost consciousness. At this time, the weather gradually darkened. Morton's assistant, Dr. Hayden, held up the lamp. Morton carefully pulled out the patient's teeth and observed the changes of the patient's pulse and muscles. The tooth was quickly pulled out and the patient gradually regained consciousness. When Morton asked him if he had any pain, the patient readily said that he didn't know anything when he pulled out his tooth.

Morton did it! The news of his painless tooth extraction spread like wildfire, causing a sensation at that time. He revealed the safety and reliability of ether as an anesthetic to the medical community for the first time, and pointed out that two points must be paid attention to during the operation: effective administration method and close cooperation between patients and doctors.

The popularity of anesthetics

As an anesthetic, ether has achieved great success in tooth extraction, but what is the effect in other operations? In order to further prove this point, many people have made unremitting explorations with Morton.

1846 10 16, Morton will perform ether anesthesia in public. A young man agreed to have a neck hemangioma removed under ether anesthesia. The operation was conducted by Warren, a senior surgeon at Massachusetts Hospital, and Morton was an anesthesiologist. On that day, the sunshine in Boston was particularly bright, and many people came to visit, but most people were skeptical. Morton delayed the preparation of ether for a while, and the audience talked about it. Dr. Warren had no choice but to find someone to tie the patient to the operating table first. At this time, Morton came in a hurry with an ether bottle. He let the patient inhale ether, and after a few minutes, the patient completely fainted. The operation was carried out in a very quiet atmosphere. An hour passed quickly and the operation was very successful. A medical invention was born, and the news spread all over the world by telegraph and newspaper. This is a glorious day in the history of medical surgery. Since then, colorless and transparent liquid ether made of alcohol has entered the stage of modern medicine and become a surgical anesthetic. The success of this operation also marks the end of the era of painful surgery. Morton was honored as "the father of anesthesia" because of his outstanding contribution to surgical anesthesia.

The invention and popularization of anesthetics can be regarded as a great achievement in the medical field in the19th century. In recognition of Morton's great achievements, in 1849, 185 1 and 1854, the U.S. Congress proposed three bills to grant Morton $654.38 million, but they failed to pass due to the interference of Jackson and others. Nevertheless, Morton received a doctorate from Baltimore University in Washington, D.C. and a $65,438+0,000 prize from Massachusetts General Hospital. In addition, the French Academy of Medical Sciences awarded Morton 5000 francs.

However, Morton's talent did not bring him happiness. After he invented the anesthetic and patented the technology, he was caught in an endless struggle between honor and money. In order to compete with Jackson for the patent of ether anesthetic, Morton had to spend most of his time arguing with Jackson, and his doctor career ended. Officials finally identified Jackson as the inventor of this technology. Morton was disheartened and went to Wellesley, Mace, Georgia. His future was bleak, and he died of depression in July 1868 at the age of 49.

Morton's great contribution to medicine caused a sensation all over the world and deepened people's understanding and admiration for this medical giant. Although Jackson was officially ruled as the inventor of anesthetic, Morton was still regarded as the inventor in people's minds. The world has not forgotten his contribution to mankind. 1920 was selected into the American great man memorial hall.