What is the function of Fengyun-4 meteorological satellite?

At 65438+February 1 1 00: 00, China successfully launched Fengyun-4 satellite by Long March 3B in xichang satellite launch center. And what functions does Fengyun-4 meteorological satellite have? What is the significance of launching? The following is the relevant content I have carefully arranged for you, I hope you will like it!

Functions of FY-4 Meteorological Satellite

The observation ability is thousands of times that of the existing system.

According to Li Qing, chief engineer of Fengyun-4 satellite engineering in the Eighth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, Fengyun-4 is the first quantitative remote sensing satellite with three-axis stability in geostationary orbit in China. Equipped with four detectors, such as multi-channel scanning imaging radiometer, interferometric atmospheric vertical detector, lightning imager and space weather monitor, it has achieved many major technological breakthroughs.

Installing four kinds of loads on the same satellite platform is one of the breakthroughs. Yu Xinwen, deputy director of China Meteorological Bureau and commander-in-chief of Fengyun-4 satellite project, said that this is a breakthrough in a worldwide problem and has solved the problem of mutual interference caused by simultaneous operation of multiple instruments.

He said that compared with other international advanced geostationary meteorological satellites that put imaging instruments and detection instruments in two satellites, this design of Fengyun-4 greatly saved the development cost, and more importantly, it realized the multi-means comprehensive observation of the atmosphere for the first time in the world.

Specifically, compared with Fengyun-2 satellite, Fengyun-4 is equipped with 2.8 times more scanning imaging radiometer channels, reaching 14. The resolution of observation time is improved by 1 times, and the eastern hemisphere can be scanned once every 15 minutes, and the regional observation image can be generated as soon as every 1 minute. The highest spatial resolution is 6 times higher than before, reaching 500 meters.

Li Qing said that these new capabilities will enable Fengyun-4 to reveal the changing laws of typhoons, rainstorms, floods, forest fires, sandstorms and space weather in a new way.

Fengyun-4 is also equipped with the world's first geostationary orbit interferometric atmospheric vertical detector, with 1700 vertical spectrum detection channels, which can realize high-precision quantitative detection of atmospheric structure in the direction, which is equivalent to CT scanning of the atmosphere.

This is also the first time in the world to load a geostationary meteorological satellite. It will realize the high-precision temperature and humidity profile detection of static atmosphere for the first time, and the obtained hyperspectral atmospheric data can further improve the accuracy of weather forecast.

According to the China Meteorological Bureau, Fengyun-4' s observation ability is thousands of times that of the existing observation system, which will greatly improve the accuracy and refinement of weather forecast.

Next is the lightning imager. The successful launch of Fengyun-4 is the first on-orbit application of the lightning imager independently developed by China, which fills the gap in China. 1 s can take 500 lightning pictures to detect the frequency and intensity of lightning in the area, which can be used to monitor and track strong convective weather and provide lightning disaster warning, and it is also the first application in China.

Can sense the temperature change of lake water 36 thousand kilometers away

Looking around the world, the new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites in the world has shown a competitive development trend. Japan and the United States launched similar meteorological satellites at 1 1.2 and 1. 1.9 respectively. The European Union, Russia, South Korea and India also plan to launch a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites around 20 17 ~ 20 18.

Zhang Zhiqing, chief engineer of Fengyun-4 ground application system, said that Fengyun-4 satellite, Sunflower-9 satellite newly launched by Japan and the United States in 20 16, GOES-R satellite and MTG being developed in Europe all belong to the new generation of geostationary orbit meteorological satellites.

Meteorological satellite, also known as quantitative remote sensing satellite, has an important function of obtaining accurate and quantitative atmospheric and surface observation information in addition to cloud images, thus providing services for subsequent applications.

Zhang Zhiqing said that in order to meet the increasing demand for quantitative remote sensing, the multi-channel scanning imaging radiometer, interferometric atmospheric vertical detector and lightning imager loaded on Fengyun-4 have greatly improved the efficiency compared with previous satellites.

Zhang Zhiqing gave an example. The temperature of Qinghai Lake is 20℃, and FY-4 satellite can measure its temperature with an error of less than 65438 0℃. At the same time, when the temperature of the lake changes by 0.65438 0℃, the satellite can also accurately sense it.

In addition, Fengyun-4 can also predict the national vegetation coverage and grain yield per mu through the observation of different spectral channels. In the view of meteorologists, its economic and social benefits are unprecedented.

However, weather forecasting is an extremely complicated task, including not only temperature, but also humidity, air pressure, wind force and other indicators, involving the application of dozens of satellite remote sensing data products such as temperature and humidity, wind direction guidance, lightning, radiation, clouds and aerosols, and atmospheric composition.

Zhang Zhiqing said that FY-4 satellite will provide 34 kinds of data products including cloud, radiation, temperature and humidity, atmosphere, wind direction and lightning after it is put into operation.

Revolutionary leap: a sharp weapon to improve the accuracy of weather forecast

In fact, before FY-4, China had successfully launched 14 meteorological satellites, seven of which were in orbit, making it one of the few countries in the world with both polar and geostationary meteorological satellites.

Zhao Jian, deputy director of the System Engineering Department of the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau, said that the polar orbiting meteorological satellite has been upgraded and observed in the morning and afternoon. Now, the successful launch of Fengyun-4 satellite has also upgraded the geostationary meteorological satellite, forming a business pattern of "multi-satellites in orbit, overall implementation, mutual backup and timely encryption".

In the vast space, meteorological satellites are sharp "eyes" for insight into the changing situation. Zhang Zhiqing said that meteorological satellites mainly obtain different satellite meteorological cloud pictures through various detection instruments loaded on the satellite, and then reverse other variables through the cloud pictures and apply them to the weather forecast model, and then get the future weather according to the operation of the equation.

Satellite cloud pictures can be divided into sun-synchronous orbit cloud pictures and geostationary orbit satellite cloud pictures. However, outside the United States and Europe, China is the only country and region that can shoot these two kinds of cloud images with its own satellite.

According to Zhao Jian, Fengyun-1 and Fengyun-3 satellites in Fengyun series are the first and second generation sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellites in China, which are about 500 km to 1 000 km above the ground, and their cloud images are sun-synchronous orbit cloud images.

The newly launched Fengyun-2 and Fengyun-4 satellites are the first and second generation geostationary meteorological satellites in China, about 36,000 kilometers above the ground, and their satellite images are geostationary satellite cloud images.

Geostationary satellites and polar-orbiting satellites, one is stationary relative to the earth and the other rotates around it. For example, Fengyun-2 and Fengyun-3 satellites observe the weather in China, just like a fixed-point guard policeman and a mobile patrol policeman.

The satellite cloud pictures of CCTV weather forecast that people see now are basically from Fengyun-2, E, F and G, which are in orbit. Zhang Zhiqing said that Fengyun-4 satellite will gradually replace Fengyun-2 satellite after it is officially put into operation, providing more timely and high-precision observation data and further improving the accuracy of weather forecast.

Xu Yinglong, chief forecaster of the Central Meteorological Observatory and chief expert of Fengyun-4 satellite application, said that the combination of images and vertical observation is just like doctors not only have X-rays, but also CT films, and have obtained slice data at different levels, which makes the diagnosis of diseases more accurate.

He said that this is a revolutionary leap. "It can be said that Fengyun-4 satellite is a heavy weapon to improve the accuracy of weather forecast."

According to the official statement, with the development of Fengyun satellite, the accuracy of weather forecast in China has increased from about 50% in the 1970s to 90% now. The successful launch of Fengyun-4 will further improve this accuracy.

Significance and function of Fengyun-4 meteorological satellite launch

The successful launch of Fengyun-4 meteorological satellite Xichang will greatly improve the accuracy of weather forecast.

Future weather forecast

With the satellite gravimeter, how much can China's weather forecast level be improved and how will it compare with developed countries?

This question is not difficult to answer. In fact, modern weather forecast includes five links: meteorological observation, data collection, comprehensive analysis, forecast consultation and forecast product release.

Among them, meteorological observation can be divided into ground-based observation, space-based observation and space-based observation. Meteorological satellites are only a part of space-based observation. In the opinion of experts, the improvement of meteorological satellite observation ability will bring about the improvement of weather forecasting ability, but as for how much it can be improved and whether it can compete with Europe and the United States, it needs comprehensive consideration.

After all, it is the birth of numerical weather forecast that really leads the weather forecast technology to modernization. The so-called numerical forecast is to use the numerical model established by the atmospheric motion equation to calculate the meteorological elements at different heights in the world in time sequence.

Unfortunately, according to Ding, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, compared with the European Center and the United States, China's numerical prediction started late and its innate conditions were weak.

The numerical model involves a large number of differential equations, and the calculation is huge, which is usually completed by supercomputers. In this respect, China is catching up. Not long ago, scientists in China won the "Gordon Bell" Award, the highest award for high-performance computing applications in 20 16, which is an effort made in this respect.

Computers can't completely replace people. After data collection and comprehensive analysis, forecasting consultation is needed. At this time, forecasters will express their opinions, make comprehensive analysis, and make a final forecast conclusion on the future weather development and change. In this regard, although China has some excellent forecasters, compared with developed countries, it is still lacking.

It is not easy to "guess" God's mind more accurately. The road is blocked and long. Today's Fengyun 4 is a new beginning, and we will wait and see in the future.