What is the history of Hua Yao Road in Guangzhou?

Xiguan big house is the product of Kangxi and Qianlong, especially during Qianlong and Jiaqing years, Guangzhou Xiguan was trading. It is mainly famous for the "advanced residential area" built by wealthy businessmen who gathered in Xiguan at that time in the prosperous "Xiguanjiao" area. It absorbs the characteristics of garden architecture and home in the Central Plains, and combines the characteristics of Lingnan climate to form a unique local style.

Xiguanjiao refers to a lot in the west of Xiguan area at that time, starting from Wenchang Bridge and Daguan Bridge in the east and reaching Pantang and Changyuan Garden in the west.

The streets and lanes in xiguan big house are generally granite slabs with a width of 4 to 5 meters. A big house usually has three bedrooms, and the main hall is the main room. From the street to the inside are the porch, palace, main hall (temple), head room, second hall, third hall and woodshed facing the street in turn, forming the central axis. On the left side of the front of both sides are the study and yard, and on the right side are the slant hall and the facing room. The roof of Daochao House is flat-topped, which is used for airing, enjoying the moon and worshiping Seven Sisters on Tanabata. Behind the study is the bedroom, stairs and kitchen.

Adjacent big houses are often separated by Qingyun Lane. There will also be gardens, stages and so on. The front of the big house is blue masonry feet with elegant colors. There is a wood carving cornice in the middle, and the gate is composed of foot door, stile door and wooden door. The roof of this part is wavy. The whole house is composed of courtyard, patio, open hall, Qingyun Lane, skylight, side window, movable screen and Manchu window, so it will be particularly cool in summer. The interior decoration of the big house is a collection of arts and crafts, including wood and stone tile carving, pottery gray plastic, mural stone scene, colored glass and iron leakage, etched colored glass and so on.

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, xiguan big house absorbed more architectural features of western foreign buildings and gradually developed into two or three-story residential buildings. Hua Yao Street is the epitome of Xiguan traditional residence which has been preserved intact so far, and it has been designated as "Guangzhou Historical and Cultural Protection Zone" by the municipal government.

Into Hua Yao, pushed open the triple door.

Get off at Changshou West Station by subway, get out of the subway, stay in the busy Xiguan, cross a street named Changshou West in front of you, and look carefully in a low and humble matchbox building opposite, and you will find a quaint plaque "Hua Yao Community". Go in, walk 50 meters ahead, turn right, and you'll get to Hua Yao Street.

When you come here for the first time, you will have the illusion that time and space are reversed. The familiar cement building was pulled open in an instant, and now you are presented with a neat and beautiful Gu Xiang. On both sides of the gravel road, there are rows of Xiguan ancient houses, green water grinds blue bricks, and colorful Manchu windows are as bright as new. At the back of the trip, the gray-haired old man was sitting on a stool reading a newspaper. With a creaking sound, the foot door was pushed open, and the old woman carrying the vegetable basket walked out of the deep courtyard. The cloth shoes on her feet stepped on the paved road, making a clicking sound and drifting away in the long alley.

Take a walk in such an old alley and see if it will stop. Busy and familiar city life seems to be isolated in a distant place. Here, the xiguan big house and Zhutonglou, which were built in the late Qing Dynasty, live next to the houses and villas that combined Chinese and Western styles in the Republic of China. The blue bricks, stone feet, triple doors and magnificent Roman columns with typical Lingnan style are separated by a wall. 150m Lane, 30 doorplates, 39 bays,150 households, showing all kinds of houses in Xiguan, Guangzhou from19th century to 200 years in 20th century.

Perhaps we can use the general concept of "xiguan big house" to summarize these 30 antique buildings on "Hua Yao Street". According to what Lao Guang often said, "Three Treasures of xiguan big house-Three Doors of Green Masonry Feet", the old house in Hua Yao Street undoubtedly meets this standard.

The most typical example of xiguan big house is the facade with blue brick feet. It is said that these blue bricks are all produced in Qingyuan, Dongguan, and the color like Jasper is the most expensive. It also has a name called "looking at the wall", which is similar to today's tile veneer. Exquisite xiguan big house blue bricks can last for hundreds of years without abrasion, and even the blades can't be inserted into the cracks of the bricks. The stone foot is 70 to 100 cm high from the ground, and the higher it is, the richer it is. Stone feet are generally polished with granite as smooth as a mirror to minimize joints, so rich people usually only use three or more whole stones for the whole exterior wall, and the cost is quite amazing.

Like other Xiguan dwellings, the most striking thing about the old houses on Hua Yao Street is the famous "Triple Gate". The outermost weight of the triple door is a "foot door" composed of four-fold wooden doors. The height of the foot gate is slightly higher than the head of ordinary people, and the upper part of the foot gate must be carved into a transparent pattern. There are almost 30 families in the streets of Hua Yao, with flower and bird patterns symbolizing auspiciousness and vases symbolizing peace. The old man said that these transparent patterns not only play a decorative role, but also have practical functions, which are not only convenient for ventilation, but also equivalent to the "cat's eye" of modern houses and have the function of blocking the sight of outsiders on the street.

The second double door is a "cross door", which consists of an odd number of thick cups embedded in two vertical plates, and pulleys are installed below the vertical plates, which can be pulled left and right along the tracks embedded in the doorsill. The lock of the terrace is located on the other side, hidden behind the big wooden door, which is a wooden top latch. Just press it lightly with your finger in the house, and you can lock the terrace so that it cannot be opened or closed. In this sense, it is an ancient "security door". The drifting wood is generally Chinese fir or teak, which is not easy to be sawed off and children can't get in.

The innermost layer is the real door. The gate consists of two planks. Rich people must use a whole piece of original wood, mainly thick wood such as Chinese fir, camphor wood and Kundian. Door gods should be pasted above the gate, and some big houses ask the master to paint the door gods again every year. The gate is pulled with copper knockers, some of which are complicated and delicate. At night, the door is closed, with two sticks behind it.

Under the protection of such triple doors, xiguan big house is not only safe against theft, but also has good ventilation effect. The triple doors open and close according to the weather conditions, creating a warm winter and cool summer effect for the big house.

Xiguan big house prefecture

Guangzhou's famous district, Xiguan Fudi, the Palace Museum of the Old Man, the new camp of the rich family, Lishui's encounter with the source, and Wenchang's glow, although there are frequent bonfires, they are fortunate to regain their vitality. A page of historical heritage is more or less old. When the beautiful scenery and sunshine are integrated, when the spring breeze swings around, it is like a guest visiting the ancient times to find a secluded place and a tourist enjoying the scenery.

In front of Longevity Street, Yan Lu series, in Hua Yao Square, brick rows are connected, stone feet grind bricks, teeth are hung in the corner, foot doors are slightly covered, wooden fences, alleys around the left and right steps, front and rear courtyards with bright windows, historic sites are renovated, prototypes are resurrected, pavilions are embroidered and calyxes are carved in the distance, and a close look at the pearl curtain painting building and Suzaku Bridge is hazy. I used to feel like wolfing down, and I read A Fang's Fu. Nowadays, I dare to praise the songs of Huawu and love the lyrics for memory. -Quoted from the inscription on Huajiao Street.

A street stands out.

Touching those cool brick walls that have been soaked in rain with your hands will produce a very strange feeling. At this time, the square inch covered by the palm of your hand is the so-called "history". At such a moment, people will inevitably think: what kind of people lived in this long street and in these deep old houses, and what happened?

Looking through the relevant historical materials, it turns out that there are many touching stories and many historical celebrities in this "slapping" place. Hua Yao Street No.8 and 10 are the former residences of Bai Yutang, a famous Cantonese opera actress. Bai Yutang's original surname is Bi. Because he participated in the performance of "Five Rats in Tokyo" and played Bai Yutang, his performance was vivid and greatly appreciated by the audience, so he changed his stage name to Bai Yutang. Today, the old opera fans who live on Hua Yao Avenue are still obsessed with this-at that time, the Cantonese opera vocals that babble floated from these two typical bamboo buildings from time to time, and the old opera fans who passed by the old streets or came here were often attracted by the wonderful vocals in "Tokyo Five Rats" and gave up a family to serve this aunt.

No.30 Hua Yao Street is the former residence of Huang Yong, a famous family in Hengjiang, Nanhai. Huang Yong was the president of Guangzhou Grain Chamber of Commerce and a famous patriotic businessman in the early Republic of China. Street staff told reporters that Huang Wei and his son supported the national revolution and donated grain to support the Eastern Expedition and the Northern Expedition. He was received and praised by Dr. Sun Yat-sen and was a famous figure. In addition, according to research, the real owner of No.30 Hua Yao Street is more likely to be the famous "Confucian general" Cai Tingkai. Cai rented his house to Huang for a long time just because he appreciated each other and Huang were good friends in revolutionary ambition. Huang Yong lived here all his life, so he was the actual owner of the house. There are a pair of Roman columns 8 meters high in front of the Huangzhai, and the giant door on the black iron floor has obvious western style. It is said that this architectural style combining Chinese and western styles was built according to the drawings brought back by Sun Yat-sen from abroad.

The staff listed them one by one: the Cai family, the owner of the Guangzhou flower yarn industry giant, once lived in xiguan big house, a magnificent street; Famous Guangzhou painters Huang Zhongru and Huang Zhongyang lived in Hua Yao Street since childhood. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Lu Yunfei, a famous Cantonese opera actor, returned to Guangzhou with his wife from the United States and also lived in Hua Yao community for a long time. ...

At the end of 2005, someone happened to find an ancient inscription on the street next to Hua Yao Street, engraved with the words "Sacrifice to China, Music, Peace and Health". After excavation and textual research, the dusty past of the street gradually surfaced: in fact, as early as AD 9 10, the street was the location of Liu Wangwu. Liu Wang's chemical weapons originated from Xiande Garden, the royal garden of South Han Dynasty in the west of the city. At that time, in order to solve the layout of halls and palaces and the demand of ladies-in-waiting for flowers as headdresses, the court chose to plant flowers in Hua Yao Street, Liwan District. "In ancient times, Hua Yao Street was surrounded by rivers and fertile soil. The water and soil here in Guangzhou is absolutely first-class, and there may be no more suitable garden than here! " To this day, there is still a poem "Yunjin Xiao Yuan Xinhua House, Jindu Tanya Old Stone Bridge". The beautiful scenery of that year can be seen, and the unique guess of Hua Yao Street seems to have found evidence.

Flowers are everywhere, no matter whether they are scholarly or not. As time goes by, those beautiful flowers and those fresh people are also floating in the wind. Today, the heavy "triple doors" on both sides of the granite pavement are still opening and closing like hundreds of years ago, and those who go in and out of the deep courtyard are no longer old friends who used to live here. There are still fireworks in the old house, but the actors have changed their identities and faces.

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