Introduce Napoleon.

1769 August15-1821May 5.

Napoleon? Napoléon Bonaparte, the first ruler of France (1799- 1804), the first emperor of France and the Hundred Days Dynasty (1804- 18 14). A famous strategist and politician in modern French history.

1769 August 15 was born in a humble aristocratic family in ajaccio, Corsica.

1April 25th, 779, studied military affairs at Brenney Military Academy in France.

1784 10, was ordered to transfer to the Royal Military Academy in Paris.

1In September 785, Napoleon graduated with the rank of second lieutenant.

In June, 1785, 1 1, began to serve in the "Rafer Artillery Regiment" in Vallance.

1789, the French bourgeois revolution broke out, and Napoleon sympathized with the revolution and once became a supporter of jacobins. He returned to his hometown of Corsica three times and actively carried out activities for the autonomy and freedom of Corsica. Due to the exclusion of the local pro-British and anti-French Poly Group, the family was forced to move to France and China.

1793 In July, Napoleon led an army to capture Toulon, the fortress of the royalist party, which was deeply appreciated by Augustus robespierre of jacobins. 1794 In June, Napoleon was appointed as Major General and Artillery Brigade Commander. After the hot month coup, jacobins 103 people were killed, and Napoleon was also implicated and arrested on August 5. After trial, he was acquitted, but he was removed from the rank of major general and the post of artillery brigade commander. Napoleon was trapped in Paris for some time.

17951On October 4th, a royalist armed rebellion took place in Paris. Governor ballas invited Napoleon to help quell the rebellion. Napoleon defeated the rebels with artillery and saved the crisis. The governor promoted Napoleon to lieutenant general and commander of the Paris garrison. Overnight, Napoleon, down and out, became a big shot in military and political circles.

1796 On March 2, Napoleon, who was only 26 years old, was appointed as the commander of the Italian army in France and China, and began his independent combat career. On March 9th, Napoleon and Josephine Beauharnais, a famous Paris socialite, got married in a hurry. Two days later, he bid farewell to his new wife and rushed to the Italian legion to take office. He commanded tens of thousands of troops to March into Italy, and fought continuously with the Austrian Army and Sardinian Army, the first anti-French Coalition, in a favorable position, and achieved a series of brilliant victories. When he triumphed in Paris from Italy, he made up his mind to be the leader of the country that unified the whole country. The rising Napoleon made the governor feel threatened, and the governor officials decided to move him away from Paris.

1on April 2, 798, Napoleon was appointed commander of French, Arabian, Egyptian, China and the national army (Oriental Army). On May 18, 2008, Napoleon sent troops to March eastward to Arabia, Arabia, Egypt and the Republic. He hopes to realize his ideal with the help of new victories.

1799 On August 22nd, Napoleon secretly left Arabia, Egypt and the Republic of China and returned to Paris.

1799165438+1October 9, (foggy month 18) Napoleon launched a coup to overthrow the prefect government and establish a three-person rule.

On June 1800 and 14, Napoleon defeated Austria * * * and China * * * and the national army in marengo, forcing the second anti-French alliance to disintegrate. Napoleon took advantage of the short-lived peace on the European continent and vigorously developed national strength. At that time, the French Republic was thriving.

1802 On August 4th, France * * * promulgated the * * * and ten-year constitution, and Napoleon ruled France * * * all his life.

On March 2 1, 1804, Napoleon officially promulgated the French Civil Code.

1804, 18 in may * * * and the twelfth year constitution was promulgated, declaring France * * * as the French empire and Napoleon as the emperor of the empire.

1February 2, 804, Napoleon held a coronation ceremony in Notre Dame de Paris, known as Napoleon I.

1August 9, 805, Austria, Britain and Russia formed the third anti-French alliance. Napoleon led his army eastward and won the battles of Ulm and Austerlitz. The Russian emperor and the Austrian emperor fled in panic. Napoleon used his victory to form the "Rhine Union" in the vassal states of South Germany and China and Germany, and put it under his own protection. 1in the autumn of 806, Britain, Russia and Belgium formed the fourth anti-French alliance. 1 0/0/month/day, Prussia took the lead in declaring war on France. 14 during the day, the French army fought two beautiful battles in Jena and Olstadt at the same time, and the Pujun army was almost completely annihilated. 10 year1October 27th, the French army invaded Berlin. Heine once exaggerated: "Napoleon blew Prussia in one breath." Then, France and the country attacked the Russian army in the east.

1on June 4th, 807, Napoleon defeated the Russian army in friedland, and the Russian emperor was forced to make peace. In order to suffocate the British Isles and strictly implement the policy of "continental blockade", Napoleon launched a war to conquer the Iberian Peninsula in 1807+00. The invasion of the French army aroused the strong resistance of the people on the island, and the French army soon fell into the quagmire of the people's war. Napoleon had to swallow the bitter fruit he planted.

At the beginning of 1809, due to the fifth anti-French alliance against Prussia, Austria and other countries, Napoleon led troops back to China before the end of the Spanish War and conquered Austria and Austria. Napoleon, with his iron will, turned defeat into victory, forcing Austria * * * and China * * * to cede territory and make peace again.

18 10 in March, Napoleon and Austria * * * and Princess Royal Maria? Louise is married. Napoleon's empire reached its peak.

1865438+June 2 1 In 2002, 500,000 French soldiers entered Russia in three ways. Inadequate military preparation, cold weather in Russia, and Russian clearance tactics have almost wiped out the French army.

181218 In February, Napoleon returned to Paris. The war against Russia ended in failure.

18 13 years, the sixth anti-French alliance in Europe was established. Napoleon led the army against the Allies and won a series of victories. However, after years of war, France and China failed to arm the whole of Europe, and finally lost in the battle of Leipzig.

18 14, the allied forces marched into France and China. On March 3 1 day, French Marshal Marmond handed over Paris to the Allies.

1865438+On April 6th, 2004, Napoleon was forced to sign his abdication.

On May 4th, 2004, Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba, Italy. Bourbon restoration.

1865438+On February 6, 2005/kloc-0, Napoleon left the island of Elba, escaped the surveillance of the fleet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and sailed for France and China.

1865438+On March 20th, 2005, Napoleon returned to Paris and established the "Hundred Days Dynasty".

1865438+On March 25th, 2005, Britain, Russia, Austria and other countries formed the seventh anti-French alliance.

1865438+In June 2005, the French army was completely annihilated in the Battle of Waterloo, and Napoleon abdicated for the second time. 10, exiled to St. Helena.

1821On May 5th, Napoleon died in St. Helena at the age of 52. Four days later, people on the island held a funeral for the conqueror. In the roar of the salute, the coffin was slowly buried next to Tolbert Spring on St. Helena. In the depths of this quiet canyon, a few weeping willows are shaded by flowing water, and Haitang, taro and canna are competing to open. Napoleon, the once all-powerful, outstanding and unparalleled hero, was buried under these green leaves and flowers.

1840 15 In February 15, Prince Anwar, the July dynasty of France and China, led a warship to St. Helena to take Napoleon's body back to the motherland. 900,000 Parisians braved the cold and attended this grand funeral with deep affection. Napoleon's body was escorted by a guard of honor, passed through the Arc de Triomphe and was buried in the lobby on the roof of the garden of the Paris Veterans Retirement Home. 15 years later, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and her prince, later Edward VII, came here in person, and the queen made the prince kneel at "the grave of the great Napoleon".

Napoleon was an excellent strategist. He personally participated in more than 60 battles in his life, and many battles he commanded are still of great significance in military history until today. However, his campaign broke the balance of power in Europe, leading other European powers to form anti-French alliances seven times, and finally defeated Napoleon completely. At the Vienna Conference after Napoleon's defeat, the new European order and balance were quickly rebuilt.

Although Napoleon was all-powerful for decades, his achievements were short-lived. After his abdication, France and its territory quickly recovered their former appearance. Napoleon's military career did not have a significant impact on later European history. The only thing that can make him go down in history is the Napoleonic Code, which is the embryonic form of legal systems in many modern democratic countries.

In addition, Napoleon was also the first person who put forward the idea of the United States of Europe and tried to realize it by force. Although he himself did not successfully realize this dream, today's Europe is moving towards the goal of integration.

Napoleon's birthplace, the statue of Napoleon in ajaccio, Corsica.

Napoleon brought glory to France * * and China, and the people of France * * and China always loved this French soldier (interestingly, he always thought that France * * and China were not his motherland before 18 years old). After his body arrived in Paris on February 1840, 900,000 Parisians braved the cold to meet him. Years later, Napoleon also won the respect of his opponent. 1855 Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland took the Crown Prince (later Edward VII) to the old disabled soldiers' hospital, and the queen asked the prince to "kneel at the grave of the great Napoleon".