What are the symptoms of heatstroke?

People who work outdoors for a long time in hot summer are prone to heatstroke if they are not careful, so drink plenty of water and avoid working in the scorching sun for a long time. Severe heatstroke should be sent to hospital in time for treatment, and even severe convulsions and coma. So, what are the symptoms of heatstroke? Next, I will introduce the symptoms of heatstroke and what to do after heatstroke.

What are the symptoms of heatstroke? According to the severity of the illness, heatstroke can be divided into:

1. threatened heatstroke. After a period of time, people will have symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, slow movement, chest tightness, palpitation, sweating, thirst, inattention, etc., which is called threatened heatstroke. At this time, the body temperature is normal or slightly higher. If you leave the high temperature environment, rest for a few hours to recover.

2. Mild illness department. In addition to the symptoms of threatened heatstroke, patients also have signs of flushing, dry and hot skin, chest tightness or peripheral circulation failure, such as sweating, pale face, rapid pulse, cold limbs and decreased blood pressure. The body temperature can be further increased to above 38℃.

3. Severe heatstroke. According to the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, it can be divided into:

(1) heatstroke and high fever: it is more common in the elderly, and it often happens after several days of hot weather or long-term exercise. Excessive heat production and insufficient heat dissipation lead to a sharp rise in body temperature, general weakness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, uncoordinated movements and even fainting. The classic symptom is high fever, and the body temperature can be as high as 4 1? At 43℃, in facial flushing, the skin is hot and sweaty, the breathing is fast and weak, the pulse increases, the blood pressure drops, the pulse increases, and then the mountain is restless, unconscious, sleepy, twitching, and even coma; The pupil's reflection of light is dim or disappears; In severe cases, brain edema, heart failure, pulmonary edema, renal failure, shock, metabolic acidosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and other serious complications may occur, leading to rapid death.

(2) heatstroke spasm: In a high temperature environment, when thinking about exercise, you sweat a lot, and too much salt is lost, which causes oral failure, and then you drink a lot of water. However, insufficient salt supplementation reduces the concentration of sodium chloride in the blood, which leads to an increase in muscle excitability, which leads to twin pain in limb muscle treatment. This kind of situation is more common among ten healthy young adults who often adapt to the high temperature environment, and often get sick after strong physical labor and a lot of climbing sweat. When this kind of heatstroke happens, the muscles will suddenly have paroxysmal spasm, pain and limb weakness. The treatment of labor pains usually lasts for several minutes. Muscle spasm usually occurs in the limbs and abdomen with more activities, the most common is rectus abdominis, followed by rectus abdominis, which is symmetrical and can be relieved by itself. The temperature is generally normal.

(3) heatstroke failure: it is the most common type of heatstroke. In hot season, do strenuous exercise or labor and sweat a lot. In this case, if the beverage is not replenished in time, it may lead to dehydration, sodium loss, blood concentration and increased blood viscosity; Coupled with the expansion of skin capillaries and insufficient blood volume, peripheral circulation failure is caused. This kind of heatstroke is more acute, mostly in the elderly and people who can't adapt to the high temperature for a while, and can suddenly faint when it comes on. The clinical manifestations of propranolol are dizziness, headache, palpitation, thirst, nausea, vomiting, pale bread, sweating, rapid pulse, moist skin, decreased blood pressure or confusion, and convulsions may occur during rescue. If not treated in time, patients will soon have circulatory failure. At this time, the body temperature is normal or slightly higher.

(4) Heatstroke: Work, exercise or military training in the scorching sun, and direct exposure of the head to the scorching sun without protection can cause meningeal congestion, edema and brain tissue damage. Because the main injury is the head, the initial symptoms are severe headache, dizziness, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, irritability and other clinical manifestations, which can lead to convulsions and even coma. Body temperature is normal or slightly elevated.

How to do physical cooling for heatstroke in summer?

The patient was placed in a quiet ward at room temperature (25℃). Put the ice pack on the head, armpit and groin, wipe the body with cold water, ice water or alcohol, and blow air to the patient with a fan. When necessary, except the head, the whole body of the patient can be soaked in a water bath at 4℃ to cool the limbs of the patient, so as to prevent the peripheral blood circulation from stagnation. In the initial stage of physical cooling, the stimulation of cold on epidermis will cause skin vasoconstriction and muscle tremor, but it will affect heat dissipation, even promote body heat production and raise body temperature. So at present, most people advocate the combination of medicine and physics to reduce temperature.

Drug cooling

At present, the main antipyretic drug is chlorpromazine, which has the following functions: controlling the thermoregulatory center of hypothalamus; Expand peripheral blood vessels, accelerate heat dissipation, relax muscles, reduce muscle tremor, and prevent the body from producing too much heat; Reduce the oxygen consumption of cells, so that the body can better tolerate hypoxia, resist the role of histamine and prevent shock. Drugs such as aspirin can be combined with chlorpromazine. In the above cooling process, we must strengthen nursing and pay close attention to body temperature, blood pressure and heart condition. Once the anal temperature drops to about 38℃, it should be stopped immediately to avoid the danger of hypothermia and collapse.

Prevention and treatment of complications

Intravenous rehydration should not be too fast for the elderly and patients with cardiovascular diseases; People with heart failure tendency should use rapid digitalis preparation as soon as possible; People with acute renal insufficiency should strictly limit the intake of water and sodium salt, especially pay attention to the blood potassium concentration; People with jaundice should use a lot of vitamins B and C; Coma patients are prone to aspiration pneumonia or other secondary infections, and antibiotics can be used appropriately to prevent them.

hypothermia therapy

Include physical cooling. Physical cooling can be achieved by pouring cold water on the body, placing an ice pack on the head and neck, enema with ice salt water or letting the patient stand in cold water, or wiping the body surface with alcohol to promote heat dissipation. The drug can be chlorpromazine 1 ~ 2 mg/kg body weight, intramuscular injection or intravenous injection mixed with 5% sugar salt water to cool down.

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