About the Rocky Mountains.

When the British colonists first arrived in the Boeing area of Asini, they learned that the local Indian tribe was called "Stone", and the mountains there were as bare as stones, so they called it "Stone Mountain", which translated into English as "Loki". Later, the name was extended to the whole mountain range running through the north and south. The Chinese word "rocky" is transliterated from the English word "rocky".

[Edit this paragraph] Overview

Rocky Mountains, also translated as Rocky Mountains, are the backbone of Cordillera Mountains in North America. They are composed of many small mountains and are called the "backbone" of North America. From Alaska to Mexico, it runs through more than 4500 kilometers from north to south, with vast territory and lack of vegetation. Its name comes from the name of the Indian tribe. The majestic Rocky Mountains stretch for thousands of kilometers from north to south. The whole Rocky Mountain consists of many hills, 39 of which are named after it. This huge mountain range is long and narrow from north to south, from western Canada in the north to Texas in the southwest of the United States in the south, almost running through the whole United States. Except the St. Lawrence River, almost all major rivers in North America originate from the Rocky Mountains, which is an important watershed of the mainland.

The Rocky Mountains occupy most of the great plateau system and are the main topographical areas in the western part of the North American continent. Generally speaking, the Rocky Mountains include mountains extending from northern Alberta and British Columbia to the south, crossing the western United States to the Mexican border, with a total length of about 4,800 kilometers (3,000 miles). In some places, mountains are hundreds of miles wide. Most of the boundaries are not easy to determine, especially in the remote areas of northwest China. The Brooks Mountains in Alaska are often classified as Rocky Mountains. There are snow-covered peaks, dense coniferous forests, wide valleys, clear streams, open skies and rich mineral resources. Millions of people live and work here, and millions of people travel here every year. The Rocky Mountains are the most popular tourist attractions in the North American continent.

In the northern part of the Rocky Mountains, the forest slope of Bertus Ridge in Montana is great basin to the west, mainly in Nevada, Utah and western Arizona. There are many faults here, the crust is broken, and the blocks between faults are uplifted, subsided and deflected. From the geological point of view, this deformation is a relatively new event, which has produced a completely different topography and water system from the more typical Rocky Mountains in the east. Therefore, it must be admitted that the Rocky Mountains have two main parts: first, the mountains have maintained their original structure and shape characteristics; On the other hand, the original structure and shape have been destroyed, and most of them have been unrecognizable by block faults. In fact, how the original structure of the West is a controversial issue.

Many peaks are towering into the sky and covered with snow, which is extremely spectacular. The average elevation of most mountain ranges from 2000 to 3000 meters, and some even exceed 4000 meters. For example, Elbert Peak is 4,399 meters high, Garnett Peak is 4,202 meters high and Blanca Peak is 4,365 meters high. In Canada, there are four national parks, Jasper, Banff, Kutney and Jojo, and three provincial parks, Robson Mountain, Assiniboyne Mountain and Humber Mountain, with a total area of about 2310.22 million square kilometers, forming the "Canadian Rocky Mountain Park Group".

Natural characteristics of northwest North America

[Edit this paragraph] Geology

Rocky Mountains are usually defined as Rio de Janeiro River in Canada to Rio Grande River in New Mexico. The extension of the north and south ends can only be part of the American mountains, which no longer belongs to the Rocky Mountains.

The younger part of the Rocky Mountains uplifted in Cretaceous (about1.40 million to 65 million years ago), and the southern part may uplift in Precambrian (about 3.98 billion to 600 million years ago). The geological structure of the Rocky Mountains is mainly composed of igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, and there are also young sedimentary rocks on the southern edge. Volcanic rocks erupted in Tertiary in some areas (about 65 million years to 1.8 million years ago). For thousands of years, the erosion of rivers has made the valley between mountains a relatively flat basin. The central and western parts of the Rocky Mountains are composed of Paleozoic and Mesozoic faults and folded granites.

There were many ice ages from Pleistocene to Holocene (18 million years ago-1 1000 years ago). At that time, 90% of Yellowstone National Park was covered by glaciers. From 1550 to 1860, it still belongs to the "Little Ice Age", and the glacier once advanced.

Rocky Mountain was originally a huge geosyncline, but it was only a shallow sea in the early Cretaceous. In Tertiary, large-scale orogeny and volcanic eruption occurred, the crust was strongly folded and squeezed, and the mountains rose again, forming a tall granite mountain system. In Quaternary, the action of glaciers left the geomorphological features of scarps, ice buckets and valleys, and the long-term crustal changes gradually formed the present situation of rocky mountains.

The mountain range was mainly formed in the Laramie orogeny from the end of Cretaceous to the beginning of Tertiary, that is, from the end of Cretaceous (about 65.438+0.45 billion years ago to about 65.5 million years ago) to Paleogene (65.5 million years ago to 23 million years ago). From the Early Cambrian (542 million years ago) to the Cretaceous, the strata were subjected to pressure from east to west, forming folds (the strata were wavy) and faults (the strata were broken and dislocated) and rising with them.

After uplift and severe erosion, the tectonic terrain is more complicated. In the North Rocky Mountain north of Huangshi National Park, Precambrian and Paleozoic granites are exposed in the west, dominated by tall massive mountains. On the basis of long-line folds and thrust faults, banded mountains are common in the east, separated by fault valleys. Yellowstone National Park-Wyoming Basin is a wide Rocky Mountains. The western part is characterized by strip mountains and broken valleys; Most of the eastern mountains are highly undisturbed, with a single anticline uplift, steep edges, short mountains, different trends and wide syncline basins at intervals. South of Wyoming Basin is the South Rocky Mountain, which is the most magnificent part of the whole Rocky Mountain. It consists of two groups of parallel anticline mountains, and Precambrian crystalline rocks are exposed. Very high. There are 48 peaks above 4200 meters above sea level, and Mount Albert is located here.

There is a stratum called Burgess Shale in this area. In the Middle Cambrian (565.438+03 billion years ago ~ 565.438+00 billion years ago), fossils named "strange shrimp" and "strange insect" were discovered successively. Compared with today's creatures, their shapes are really incredible. 1980, Jojo National Park, where Burgess shale was discovered, was listed as a world natural heritage for the first time. Later, 1984, the area selected as natural heritage expanded to become the Canadian Rocky Mountain Park Group.

[Edit this paragraph] Terrain

The mountains in the east are huge uplift blocks, many of which have towering peaks and charming scenery. Qianling, Colorado and Central Arizona are the two largest uplifts, and most of the rest are basically flat areas, with a length of 65,438+000 kilometers (62 miles) and a width of 24 kilometers (65,438+05 miles). Qianling and Shawaguchi Mountain have peaks over 4300 meters (14000 feet) above sea level, among which Mount Elbert of Shawaguchi Mountain is 4399 meters (14433 feet) high, which is the highest point of the Rocky Mountains. Wyoming's Winder River Ridge and Teton Ridge have peaks over 3,962 meters (13,000 feet), as do Utah's Uinta Mountains. Some mountainous areas have not been set foot in so far and have been designated as national wildlife reserves. There are state-owned forests all over the country.

The eastern basin is wide, with an average elevation of 1, 2 19? 2 134m(4000m？ 7000 feet). During and after the uplift of the mountain range, the basin contains stone chips stripped from the uplift mountain range. Later, the stability of flowing water was established as Missouri River and Colorado River, and the sediments in the basin were eroded by flowing water, and some places were deeply eroded.

The Rocky Mountains in Canada and northwest Montana, including Glacier National Park and Lewis Ridge in northwest Montana, are all part of the western Rocky Mountains. This part is characterized by a series of parallel mountains, most of which are formed by the extrusion and accumulation of thick sedimentary rocks. There are similar linear mountains in western Wyoming and southeastern Idaho, but from the southwest corner of Wyoming to the southwest corner of Utah and southern Nevada, the western mountains are covered by the later great basin plate fault. How far the real Rocky Mountains in Utah and western Nevada once extended westward is still controversial. Therefore, in general, the eastern part of the Rocky Mountains is characterized by uplift and large intermontane basins, while the western part is characterized by overthrust faults and folds.

Ice erosion landforms are widely distributed in mountainous areas, and modern glaciers exist in alpine areas, especially in the northern Rocky Mountains. The tall and vertical mountain range is the barrier of air mass movement between the east and the west of the North American continent, which leads to the great difference of precipitation between the east and the west and affects the distribution of temperature, and constitutes an important climate dividing line in North America. To the west of the Rocky Mountain, except for the Pacific coast and windward slope north of latitude 40, the annual precipitation is below 500 mm, mainly in winter rain, and the winter temperature is higher than that in the eastern part of the continent at the same latitude. In the east of the Rocky Mountain, the annual precipitation in most areas is above 500 mm, and the proportion of summer rain is high. The rivers to the east of the mountain range belong to the Atlantic water system and the Arctic water system, and the rivers to the west belong to the Pacific water system. Mountain vegetation mainly includes coniferous species such as Pinus ponderosa, Douglas fir and spruce. Different latitudes, heights and slopes form different vertical zones. The North Rocky Mountain is the main logging area, accounting for 2/3 of the trees in mountainous areas.

The huge rocky mountains are widely distributed, showing NNW-South-South-East trend. There are obvious differences between the north and the south, which can be roughly divided into three parts.

south

The southern part of the Rocky Mountains includes the southern Wyoming Basin or the southern part of the east coast of the upper reaches of the North Platte River. Most of these mountains are in the north-south direction, side by side, and many peaks are high and steep, which is horrible. Mountain streams can be seen everywhere, and the water is clear and the flowers are shaking, which is very charming and beautiful.

The mountains here are mostly composed of Precambrian crystalline rocks, with an altitude of more than 4000 meters, of which Mount Elbert is the highest and the highest point in the Rocky Mountains. The towering peaks rise from the ground, forming a sea of peaks in the clouds. Due to the bad weather, the top of the mountain is often covered with snow all year round, forming strange and unusual ice buckets and ice cubes, which is very spectacular.

The South Rocky Mountain is rich in mineral resources, and the earliest discovery is gold mine. Later, copper and silver mines were also found here, but after several years of mining, most of the ore bodies have dried up.

north

Northern tribal mountains include mountains from northern Yellowstone National Park to Canadian territory. Glacier activity in this mountainous area was very active in the past, and a special landform was formed due to the action of glaciers. Mountains are mainly composed of water and rocks, and solemn peaks and U-shaped mountains replace the soft plateau.

The complex stratigraphic structure and strong volcanism in the northern mountainous area gave birth to rich nonferrous metal deposits. For example, the second largest copper mine in the United States has been established here, with an annual output of more than 2 million tons. Silver, lead, zinc and other minerals account for half of the United States, which is quite powerful.

middle

The middle tribe is mainly mountainous, mainly plateau, and there are some mountainous blocks in the middle. The geological structure here is complex and the volcano has a great influence, resulting in many hot springs and geysers. The Old Faithful Geyser in Yellowstone National Park is a world-famous geyser.

There is also a huge Wyoming basin in the central mountainous area, which is surrounded by high mountains and has a dry climate. The annual rainfall is more than 350 mm, almost nothing grows, and it belongs to semi-desert landscape zone. The Rocky Mountains are magnificent and have unique scenery. The US government has established three national parks here, namely Yellowstone National Park, Glacier Park and Grand Detton Park, which have attracted a large number of tourists for sightseeing, traveling and vacation.

[Edit this paragraph] Climate

The Rocky Mountains extend far from north to south, with diverse climates, with subtropical northern marginal climate at the southern end and Arctic climate at the northern end. However, the influence of mountains, high altitude and latitude changes in the southern continent is often weakened. There are two vertical climatic zones in most mountainous areas. The lower climate zone is cold temperate zone, and Leng Xia is cool in winter. In the south, 7000 above sea level? 10000 feet belongs to this climatic zone, and the higher the latitude, the lower the upper and lower limits. The higher climate zone is alpine climate and belongs to tundra type. Winter is cold, summer is short and cold; In the south, the snow on the highest peak can last until August, while in the north, there are still permanent glaciers in many high-altitude valleys.

Generally, there is more precipitation in the north than in the south, and the precipitation in the north is about three times that in the south. The climate in the south is mostly dry. For example, the St. Louis Valley in Colorado has a mountainous wasteland climate and is one of the driest areas in the Rocky Mountains. Most of the annual rainfall in the south is winter snowfall, although there are often local and sometimes violent thunderstorms in summer afternoon. Because of the Pacific cyclone storm, the precipitation in the northern part of the Rocky Mountains is relatively uniform all year round. In every part of the Rocky Mountains, the growing season is almost short, and some places even have frost in July.

The Rocky Mountains are an important climatic dividing line in the North American continent. It acts as a barrier to the eastward invasion of the polar Pacific air mass and the westward invasion of the polar Canadian air mass or the tropical Gulf of Mexico air mass, resulting in a huge difference in precipitation between the eastern and western parts of the mainland, which has a certain impact on the temperature distribution. The rain in winter is mainly in the west. Except for coastal areas and windward slopes north of latitude 40, the annual precipitation is below 500 mm, and the temperature in winter is higher than that in the eastern part of the same latitude. The eastern part is dominated by summer rain, and the annual precipitation is above 500 mm, except for the northern high latitude area and some great plains areas near the mountains.

Rocky Mountain has a plateau climate, with an annual average temperature of 6℃, the highest in July, with an average temperature of 28℃, 10/4℃, and an annual average rainfall of 360mm. The Rocky Mountain area is warm and dry in summer and cold and humid in winter.

[Edit this paragraph] Ecology

The area is also famous for its rich flora and fauna. Forests such as pine trees and poplars extend to an altitude of about 1800 meters. Flowers and shrubs in alpine and subalpine mountains can be seen at higher altitudes. Wetland plants grow at the bottom of valleys and around lakes and swamps. There are 56 kinds of mammals in the park, including rocky mountain goats and bighorn sheep in the highlands, deer and grizzly bears in the forest, and beavers living by the water. In addition, there are about 280 species of birds such as Shan Ying.

plant

Vegetation in mountainous areas has the characteristics of vertical differentiation, and the vertical zoning map is subject to height, latitude and slope direction. For example, the upper boundary of the forest belt gradually decreases from south to north; The lower limit is that the wet west slope is lower than the dry east slope. Conifer species such as Pinus ponderosa, Douglas fir, tent pine, larch and spruce are widely distributed.

The plant communities in the Rocky Mountains vary greatly with height, latitude and sunshine. On the eastern slopes of Colorado and New Mexico, strong winds in winter come from dry plains, which makes scattered cedar and dwarf pine underdeveloped or deformed. At the end of this mountain range, there are usually no trees at lower altitudes, but there are patches of cotton poplars and other deciduous trees along the river. There are shrubs in valleys and basins, as far north as Alberta.

There are poplars, yellow pines and American yellow pines in the mountains at middle altitude. Sub-alpine forest consists of western hemlock, black pine, western red cypress, white spruce and engelmann spruce. With the increase of latitude, the height of tree line decreases. Above the tree line, cold-tolerant grasses, mosses, lichens and low-flowering plants can be seen almost everywhere in the mountains. In the northernmost mountainous area, the so-called "elf forest" is mainly composed of dwarf willows. There are countless wild flowers in forests and high grasslands, such as columbine, orange, delphinium, gentian, flame grass and so on.

animal

There are many kinds of animals. The representative large mammals in the undulating ridges are black bears, grizzly bears, mountain lions and coyotes. Bighorn sheep and stone goats live on high cliffs in summer and move to lower slopes in winter. Deer animals such as reindeer, mule deer and Virginia deer also migrate vertically between alpine grassland and subalpine forest with the seasons. Lonely moose often haunt lakes, streams and swamps in the north, feeding on willow leaves and aquatic plants. Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming has the largest bison herd in the United States. Coyotes roam in lower valleys and along highways and railways. Wolves, almost extinct because of human hunting, are still rare, but since 1970, they have attracted attention because of their known position in the wild ecological environment. Small mammals at lower altitudes include chipmunks, red squirrels, Columbia ground squirrels and marmots. Pikas live in rocky landslides, while prairie dogs and mice are active in dry valleys and plateaus. Wild animals in arid southern mountainous areas include pronghorn, jack rabbit, sika deer, rattlesnake and other desert animals.

Birds are also quite diverse. In summer, vultures, golden eagles, storks and peregrine falcons can be seen everywhere in the mountains. Birds in woodland and grassland include fringed grouse, spruce grouse, blue grouse, Thunderbird, Clark Jay, Grey Jay and Steller Jay. Waterbirds such as ducks, snipes and dangerous trumpet swans spend the warm season in alpine lakes. Many hot springs in the Rocky Mountains provide wintering places for many birds, so they don't have to migrate south. Rainbow trout imported from California is probably the most famous fish in this area. Arctic fennel fish is a permanent resident of northern alpine lakes.

[Edit this paragraph] The source of many rivers

The most important watershed in the North American continent, except the St. Lawrence River, almost all the major rivers in North America originate here. The rivers to the west of the mountain range belong to the Pacific water system, and the rivers to the east of the mountain range belong to the Arctic Ocean water system and the Atlantic Ocean water system respectively. Snowmelt in the Rocky Mountains supplements the water sources of rivers and lakes, accounting for 65,438+0/4 of all fresh water sources in the United States. Rivers that originate in the Rocky Mountains flow into three oceans: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. These rivers include:

Arkansas River, Athabasca River of Athabasca River, Colorado River of Colorado River, Columbia River, Frazier River of Frazier River, Kutney River of Kutney River, Missouri River of Missouri River, Peace River of Pis River, Platte River of Platte River, Rio Grande River of Rio Grande River, saskatchewan river River of saskatchewan river, Snake River of Snake River and Huangshi River of yellowstone river.

supply water

The Rocky Mountains are generally short of irrigation water, industrial water and domestic water. The farther south, the drier the climate, and the more serious the water supply problem. New Mexico and Arizona are the worst. The United States Bureau of Land Development and Utilization is the most important federal agency involved in the construction of reservoirs in the western United States, and the Rocky Mountains region accounts for a large part of its construction plan. At present, there are almost no unused dam sites, so in a very short time (by the middle of 2 1 century), the annual precipitation in Loki Mountains will be completely stored and utilized. At that time, it may be necessary to draw water from the Columbia River and western Canada.

[Edit this paragraph] resources

Rich in mineral resources, it is a famous metal mining area in North America, zinc in Sullivan, Canada, copper, silver, zinc and lead in Bayut and Bingham, lead, silver and zinc in Cordalen, molybdenum in Colemax, etc. , are all famous.

Logging owners should be located in the humid mountains of Montana and northern Idaho. Animal husbandry (cattle and sheep) is mainly distributed in the south of the Rocky Mountains, with the mountains as summer pastures and the basins as winter pastures. Agricultural management is limited to valleys with good soil quality and irrigation conditions or areas suitable for dry farming.

Magmatic intrusions, highly metamorphic belts and sedimentary basins are widely distributed in the Rocky Mountains, which are the main distribution areas of mineral resources in North America, especially non-ferrous metals. There are three famous metal mining areas in the American Rocky Mountains: Cordalen, Idaho, which is dominated by lead and produces zinc and silver; Buyut and Bingham live mainly on copper, and silver, lead and zinc. Non-metallic minerals are mainly produced in Wyoming basin, mainly including oil, natural gas, coal and salt.

tourist resources

The scenery of this mountain is strange and beautiful. With the development of transportation, tourism has developed rapidly. There are national parks such as Rocky Mountain, Yellowstone National Park, Grand Teton and Glacier, as well as tourist attractions such as Moon Crater, Dinosaur, Big Dune and Black Canyon of Ganeshan River. Mountain cities are small, mostly built with the development of mining industry, or are transportation and sightseeing centers. Since19th century, cars and trains have been connected to every mountain pass, and now there are 9 railways passing through. The development of traffic has accelerated the development of mountain tourism resources. Dense forests, numerous wild animals, cool climate, modern glaciers, hot springs and other strange scenery make it an important tourist area in North America, attracting tens of thousands of tourists every year. There are many national parks and wildlife reserves. There are small mining cities and tourist cities in mountainous areas.

mineral

There are many nonmetallic substances in many parts of the Rocky Mountains. These include phosphate rock, potash, trona, magnesium and lithium salts, mirabilite, gypsum, limestone and dolomite. If necessary, the proven reserves of the Rocky Mountains can supply the needs of the whole country for a long time.

The most precious metal resource in the Rocky Mountains is undoubtedly copper. Almost all copper in the United States comes from large copper mines in Montana, Utah and Arizona. Wyoming and Utah supply iron ore to the steel industry. Perhaps the most famous thing about the Rocky Mountains is that there are many underground mines that mine silver, gold, lead and zinc. All molybdenum and almost all beryllium and uranium in the United States are produced in the Rocky Mountains.

The vast basin between the uplift of the Rocky Mountains contains a large number of oil and gas fields. Alberta, Wyoming, New Mexico, Montana, Colorado and Utah all have a large number of production, of which the Powder River Basin is one of the main producing areas. There is little oil production in the western Rocky Mountains, which may be due to a large number of folds and faults. Rocky mountains also contain a large number of shale formations containing solid carbon and hydrogen, which can be refined into oil by heat treatment. This kind of oil shale is mainly found in Wyoming, Colorado and Utah near the Uinta Mountains. There is fixed oil in some sandstones in many places. This rock formation is called tar sands or oil sands. As many as giant oil fields. Bituminous sandstone, like oil shale, has not been used for oil refining economically. The Rocky Mountains and the Great Plains in the east contain the richest useful coal seams in the Western Hemisphere. Its properties are bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. Although these coals can't be used in metallurgy immediately, they are a huge energy source, and some of them have been used to generate electricity.

[Edit this paragraph] Human history

It is known that the time when humans came to the Rocky Mountains was between 10000 BC and 8000 BC. From16th century, Europeans entered the southwest region. By the beginning of the19th century, due to exploration and economic development, they had contact with almost all the indigenous people in mountainous areas and often clashed. These conflicts, unstable food supply and territorial wars between tribes have caused large-scale migration and friction between some groups.

Since the last ice age, human beings have been to the Rocky Mountains, mainly including 10 tribes of American Indians, including Shoshone, Sioux, Utah, Apache, Blackfoot and Pingtou. They hunted mammoths and primitive bison (20% larger than later bison) in the foothills and valleys of the Rocky Mountains. Like later Indians, they may migrate to the plains in autumn and winter and go fishing in the mountains in spring and summer. The top of the watershed was built by Indians 5400 -5800 years ago to drive prey into the stone wall. The latest scientific research believes that the lifestyle of local Indians is very effective in maintaining the number of mammals.

1540, Spanish colonists began to enter the Rocky Mountains, followed by soldiers, missionaries and slaves, who brought horses, metal tools, guns, new diseases and different cultures. War, disease and loss of homes (soil erosion) have led to a rapid decline in the indigenous population.

Lewis and Clark's expedition in 1804-1806 was the first scientific expedition to the rocky mountains, but in fact during their expedition, they met at least 1 1 white people from Europe, first French and Spanish, from1720. After 1802, American fur traders flooded into the Rocky Mountains. 1832, the motorcade from the east crossed the Rocky Mountain from Wyoming Pass for the first time.

Mormons 1847 settled in the Great Salt Lake; 1859 Gold discovery in Colorado; 1869 Pan-American Railway completed; 1872 Huangshi national park was established; Mining and forestry have developed rapidly. 189 1-1892 established a number of forest protected areas, 1905 extended the protected areas to the present rocky mountain national park. Tourism has also begun to develop. Camps have become farms, stations have developed into towns, and some towns have developed into big cities.

[Edit this paragraph] Tourist attractions

Among the 22,990 square meters (about14,300 square miles) nature reserves, Banff, Carlsberg, Youhe and Courtney are the four national parks, accounting for the vast majority. They are connected with three parks in British Columbia: Mount Robertson, Mount Assiniboine and Humber. Banff is a national park. Thanks to the transcontinental railway built by Canada in 1980s, it was opened in 1887, becoming the first protected park in Canada, and the Canadian national park system was established. It is a famous summer resort with ice peaks, glaciers, ice fields, lakes, alpine grasslands and hot springs. The water is beautiful and the peaks are strange, ranking first in the North American continent. Carlsberg National Park is the largest park in North America, with mountains, rivers, forests, glaciers and lakes.

Meilin Lake and Meilin Canyon surrounded by mountains are rare scenic spots in the park. Youhe Park, located in the west of Banff Park, is a park that skillfully uses natural landscapes such as the Grand Canyon, glaciers and lakes. The green water of Emerald Lake in the park reflects the reflection of Bajie Mountain, and Takakau Waterfall makes a loud noise with a drop of 4 10 meter. There are 150 pieces of marine fossils of Middle Cambrian in the Burgess Schell Rock in the park, some of which are unknown today.

The Rocky Mountains attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year. The main tourist attractions in summer are: pikes peak, Royal Canyon, Rocky Mountain National Park, Huangshi National Park, grand teton national park and Glacier National Park.

Canadian Rocky Mountains include Banff National Park, Glacier National Park, Jasper National Park, Kutney National Park, Mount Revelstoke National Park, Waterton Lake National Park and Jojo National Park.

Rocky Mountain is a ski resort in winter. The main ski resorts in Canada are:

Alberta: Lake Louise, Sunshine Village, British Columbia, Fini.

National parks, state-owned forests and recreation areas. Many of the best national parks, national reserves and wasteland in North America are located in the Rocky Mountains and the Colorado Plateau. In addition to these beautiful natural landscapes, large-scale amusement facilities such as Glen Canyon National Recreation Area on both sides of Lake Powell in Utah and Arizona have been added. Parks, protected areas and entertainment areas have been banned from mining, drilling for oil and gas, and grazing cattle and sheep is generally prohibited. These are under the control of the federal government and carefully managed to maintain the natural environment. In the United States, most mountains and mountain groups are designated as state-owned forests. Therefore, the principle of multiple utilization is implemented here, and logging, mining, oil and gas exploration and grazing are allowed according to orderly federal laws.