Planting techniques of ginger in small arch shed

Nowadays, planting ginger in small arch shed is a common planting method for many farmers. So how do you grow ginger in a small arch shed? The following is what I carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

1 Preparation of Ginger Cultivation

1. 1 location of large arch shed

The large arch shed should be built on a plot with slightly higher terrain and no pollution of water and soil. Ginger has high requirements on soil, so it is best to choose plots with high soil humus content, strong water and fertility conservation and convenient irrigation and drainage. The large arch shed should be built in the north-south direction with a width of 15 ~ 20m, which is convenient for mechanized operation.

1.2 soil preparation and soil disinfection

The big arch shed should be ploughed 30 ~ 40 cm deep, and it is best to plough before freezing in winter. The low temperature in winter can effectively kill germs and eggs and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Before ploughing, apply sufficient base fertilizer, generally 50 kg of quicklime /667 m2, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate /667 m2, 5,000 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 0/00 kg of compound fertilizer/kloc. In order to effectively control ginger soft rot, ginger blast, nematodiasis and other diseases and pests, the plots planted continuously for more than 2 years should be disinfected. Soil disinfection should choose Mianlong, chloropicrin, Weibaimu and other non-residue and pollution-free pesticides that meet the national agricultural product quality and safety production standards. Planting can only be carried out at least 2 weeks after soil disinfection.

1.3 Selecting ginger to accelerate germination

Taking Weifang City, Shandong Province as an example, the main variety of ginger cultivated in greenhouse is pink ginger. This variety has good quality and high yield. Ginger should be planted with large, thick, shiny, bright yellow meat, non-shrinking, non-freezing, non-rotting, full buds and no pests and diseases. After selecting the planted ginger, it should be aired for 2 ~ 3 days, and the seeds should be selected for the second time, and the ginger slices with dark skin, skin trauma, discolored meat, soft ginger and diseases and insect pests should be removed. Soak the ginger with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 20 ~ 30 min before germination, dry it in the air, and then put it on a fire resistance to accelerate germination. After accelerating germination and sowing, the seedlings are vigorous, the plants are strong and the yield is high. The germination of ginger is generally carried out in the late June of 65438+ 10. The internal temperature of ginger pile should be controlled at 25 ~ 28℃ during the germination of kang. Generally, the germination period is about 1 month. When the length of ginger buds is about 1 ~ 2cm, the germination is fixed. A large piece of planted ginger is broken into small pieces with a weight of 70 ~ 100g. Generally, only ginger buds with a thickness of 1 are left in each piece of planted ginger, and the rest ginger buds are all broken.

1.4 Ridge planting

Planting ginger in a big arch shed is generally 70 cm long, 40 cm high and 30 cm wide. The decomposed bean cake 150kg/667m2 was applied to the ditch bottom, and other pesticides, such as thiophanate, mirex, abamectin, etc., were applied to the greenhouse, and the soil was mixed evenly without disinfection. The ridge should be compacted straight to ensure that it does not sink after watering, and the bottom of the ditch should be flat to ensure smooth watering. Before planting, the scaffolding should be closed 15 ~ 20 days to increase the ground temperature and promote soil maturation. The planting time is in late February, and the planting will be carried out in sunny and warm morning. A small ditch with a depth of 10 ~ 12 cm is opened at the bottom of the ditch, and the spacing is 20 ~ 30 cm for planting. Put the ginger buds evenly in the southwest or southeast direction, then level the bottom of the ditch to ensure the coverage thickness of 4 ~ 5 cm, and immediately water them 1 time. After the water permeates, spray herbicide 1 time, and cover the small arch shed with plastic film, which can be one ridge and one film or two ridges to keep warm and moist. After Jiang Miao blooms, the plastic film should be punctured in time according to the light condition to avoid high temperature burning the seedlings.

2 Field management and pest control

2. 1 site management

2. 1. 1 soil, fertilizer and water management

After applying base fertilizer at one time, Jiang Miao generally does not need topdressing before two branches. Topdressing 1 time when there are 2-3 branches in the jiangmiao, and topdressing 1 time every 20 days thereafter, and topdressing for 3-4 times. Generally, 20 ~ 30kg/667m2 of ternary compound fertilizer is applied topdressing each time. Pay attention to applying more fertilizers with high potassium content when topdressing, so as to facilitate rhizome expansion. According to the seedling situation, you can water and apply liquid fertilizer. Greenhouse without soil disinfection should be watered and sprayed with pesticides to kill root-knot nematodes. Ginger likes wet but avoids stagnant water. During the growing period, water in a timely and appropriate amount, and the soil should always be moist and not dry. Drip irrigation can be used if conditions permit. Ginger cultivation should be combined with topdressing. Generally, topdressing is "2 small 1 large" ***3 times. In the early stage, "small soil cultivation" can be carried out twice in combination with ditching and topdressing, and tender ginger is suitable for new branches. When the ginger seedlings grow to 6-7 branches, 1 time "big soil cultivation" is carried out, and the original ginger ridge becomes a ginger ditch. It is not suitable to water immediately after each topdressing, but after 2 ~ 3 days, so as to facilitate the healing of mechanical damage of ginger and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

2. 1.2 temperature management

Ginger likes temperature, and the suitable temperature for its growing period is 22 ~ 28℃. After transplanting and planting, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 28 ~ 30℃ during the day and at 18 ~ 20℃ at night. The temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 33℃, so it is necessary to ventilate and cool down in time to avoid high temperature burning the seedlings.

2.2 Pest control

The main pest of ginger cultivated in greenhouse is stem borer, which can be controlled by spraying 50% chlorpyrifos 600 ~ 800 times, 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times and 90% trichlorfon crystal 800 times. The main diseases are soft rot and ginger blast, which should be prevented. Once the disease occurs, it should be removed in time and disinfected to avoid the spread of germs. 5% bleaching powder solution or 4,000 times solution of 6,543.8+0,000 units of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder can be used to disinfect the diseased points, and 0.5 ~ 654.38+0 liters can be injected into each point. To prevent soft rot, 77% Gramicidal 400-500 times solution or Jiang Wenning 800 times solution can be sprayed every 7 ~ 10d 1 time for 2 ~ 3 times, which can effectively control the spread of ginger blight. 15d It is forbidden to apply any pesticides before harvesting.

3 Harvest and summary

The yield of ginger cultivated in greenhouse mainly depends on the growth and market price of new ginger. Generally, ginger 15 ~ 17 branches can be harvested in July, and the output is 2000 ~ 3000 kg /667㎡. Generally speaking, early harvest has low yield but high price. If the market price is too low, the harvest can be postponed to August and September, and the yield can reach 6000 ~ 7000 kg /667m2.

Planting ginger in big arch shed mainly takes advantage of the good thermal insulation of big arch shed, which can be planted 50 ~ 60 days in advance, planted early and listed early, or delayed according to the market price of ginger. In Weifang, the cultivation of ginger in greenhouse was postponed to June 65438+ 10, and the highest yield could reach 8000kg/667m2. The investment of ginger cultivation facilities in large arch shed is relatively low, and the cultivation techniques are easy to master. It is a cultivation technique with early maturity, late maturity and high yield, which is worth popularizing.

Cultivation techniques of ginger

1, drying ginger and trapping ginger: 20 ~ 30 days before sowing, ginger farmers in Changyi area can do it when the temperature is above 0 degrees. Take the ginger seeds out of the storage cellar, wash the soil on the ginger slices with clear water, spread them on straw mats or clean ground to dry for 1 ~ 2 days, and put them indoors at night to prevent freezing at night. According to Jiang Nong, drying seeds mainly has the following functions:

First, increase the temperature of ginger, promote the decomposition of internal nutrients, thus accelerating the germination rate.

Generally, the temperature of ginger cellar is 13 ~ 14 degrees. Under this temperature condition, ginger is basically dormant, and the body temperature of planted ginger increases obviously after drying in the sun. According to the measurement, under the condition of room temperature of 22 degrees, the surface temperature of ginger blocks stacked indoors without drying is 265438 0 degrees, and the internal temperature is 20 degrees. The surface temperature of dried ginger slices is 29.5 degrees, and the internal temperature is 28 degrees.

Second, reduce the moisture of ginger slices to prevent rot. Because of the high air humidity in the ginger storage cellar, the moisture content of ginger pieces is extremely high. After proper drying, the moisture content, especially the free water content, of ginger blocks can be reduced to prevent mildew during germination.

Third, it is beneficial to choose healthy and disease-free ginger varieties. When the sick ginger slices are not aired, the symptoms are not obvious. After drying in the sun, it tends to shrivel, the color is gloomy, and the symptoms are obvious, which is convenient for eliminating sick ginger.

1 ~ 2 days after air drying, put the ginger seeds indoors for 2 ~ 3 times, and cover the ginger pile with a straw curtain to promote the decomposition of nutrients, which is called "trapped ginger". Generally, after 2 ~ 3 times of dried ginger trapping, germination can be accelerated.

It must be noted that when drying ginger, we should pay attention to moderation, and we must not over-expose it to the sun, so as to avoid the ginger pieces from drying up, sprouting and thinning.

2. Seed selection: In the process of dried ginger, strict seed selection must be carried out before germination. When selecting seeds, we should choose healthy ginger slices with plump skin, bright color, tender meat, no shrinkage, no rot, no freezing, hard texture and no pests and diseases, and strictly eliminate ginger slices with thin skin, shrinkage, brown and soft meat.

3. Disinfection and accelerating germination: Disinfection and accelerating germination can promote the rapid germination of ginger shoots, make seedlings emerge quickly and orderly after planting, and reduce diseases, which is a very important technical measure. Jinchang ginger is mature and full, with bud 1 ~ 2, healthy and disease-free, and is selected as the ginger seed. Disinfection: soaking the seeds in 1: 1.5: 120 bordeaux solution for 20 minutes can kill the germs on the surface of ginger. After disinfection, ginger should be aired for 2-3 days. When the moisture on the surface of ginger disappears, it can be piled up and covered with straw or sacks to keep warm and germinate. It is required to keep the humidity and the temperature at 20-25℃. It is necessary to cultivate short and neat ginger buds when accelerating germination, so as to ensure that the seedlings are in Miao Zhuang. When the ginger buds grow to 1 cm, you can sow.

Six measures for high-yield cultivation

1, strictly choose the land and avoid continuous cropping.

Ginger is perishable when exposed to high temperature and humidity, commonly known as ginger plague. Ginger blast is a bacterial soil-borne disease, which has resulted in a large reduction of production due to serious continuous cropping. Because ginger has this devastating disease, it is not suitable for continuous cropping. It should be rotated with cruciferous crops and leguminous crops for 3 ~ 4 years. It is best to choose loam or sandy loam with fertile soil, deep soil layer and much organic matter for planting ginger. It is required that the irrigation and drainage of the field is convenient and it is not easy to accumulate water.

2, timely sowing, reasonable close planting.

The planting density of ginger should be 40 cm in row spacing and 20 ~ 25 cm in plant spacing.

3. Apply base fertilizer and topdressing scientifically.

Determine the fertilization method and amount according to the formula of soil testing: before ploughing, take soil according to the scientific soil sampling method, test the detected PH value, organic matter, N, P and K content, convert the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and formulate the fertilization formula according to the characteristics of ginger fertilizer demand. Ginger has a strong tolerance to fertilizers and a long growth period, so the principle of sufficient base fertilizer and repeated topdressing should be adopted. Apply pig manure 1500 ~ 2500 kg per mu, and potassium fertilizer 10 ~ 15 kg as base fertilizer.

Top dressing Qin Ying applied thin fertilizer, from light to thick. Apply a thin fertilizer once when the seedling height is 15 cm, and apply a second fertilizer when the seedling height is 30 cm. After that, topdressing once every 20 days or so. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer at seedling stage, and potassium fertilizer should be applied more at rhizome expansion stage.

4. When planting, cover or tie a small arch shed with plastic film to ensure the temperature needed for growth.

5. Shade to cool down and promote growth.

Ginger is a shade-tolerant plant, and scattered light is beneficial to growth. In late May, it began to get cloudy, and it was seven o'clock with Yang. In late September, the network was removed and the map was separated, and then every 15 days.

6. Prevent drought and waterlogging and cultivate the soil in time.

Ginger is neither drought tolerant nor waterlogging tolerant. It is wise to keep the soil moist during the growing period. During the high temperature in summer, it is best to water in time to cool down, especially in the morning and evening. In rainy days, the accumulated water in the field should be removed in time to reduce the occurrence of ginger plague. The growth of ginger roots needs a dark and humid environment. With the upward growth of ginger rhizome, the rhizome is easy to be exposed to the ground, the epidermis becomes thicker and the quality becomes worse. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate soil. Generally, the soil is cultivated for about three times. The depth of soil can be determined according to the cultivation purpose. If you harvest tender ginger, you should deepen the soil and increase the length of ginger to make it crisp and tender. If you harvest old ginger, you should plough the soil shallowly to make the roots strong and healthy.