Please give me a detailed overview of the climate in Central China for students to give lectures.

1. Central China is located in the middle of China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It is one of the seven geographical divisions of China, including Henan, Hubei and Hunan provinces.

2. The land area of central China is more than 560,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 5.9% of the total land area of China. Developed agriculture, strong light and heavy industrial base and convenient land and water transportation. Central China is an economically developed area in China, the industrial and agricultural heart and transportation center of China.

3. The topography of central China is dominated by plains, hills and basins.

4. Central China belongs to temperate monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon climate, with Huaihe River as the dividing line, with temperate monsoon climate in the north of Huaihe River and subtropical monsoon climate in the south, with rainfall concentrated in summer and heavy snow in the north in winter, usually concentrated in Henan Province.

5. Most parts of Henan Province are in warm temperate zone, and the south is subtropical zone, which belongs to continental monsoon climate with transition from north subtropical zone to warm temperate zone. At the same time, it also has the characteristics of transition from plain to hilly and mountainous areas from east to west, with distinct four seasons, simultaneous rain and heat, complexity and diversity, and frequent meteorological disasters. From south to north, the province's annual average temperature15.7 ~12.1℃, annual average precipitation 1380.6 ~ 532.5 mm, with the most rainfall from June to August, and annual average sunshine1848.0 ~ 242.5 mm.

6. Hubei is located in the subtropical zone, in a typical monsoon region. Except for mountainous areas, most parts of the province belong to subtropical monsoon humid climate, with abundant light energy, sufficient heat, long frost-free period, abundant precipitation and the same season of rain and heat. The average actual sunshine hours for many years are1100-2150 hours. Its seasonal distribution is the most in summer and the least in winter, and the spring and autumn vary from place to place. The annual average temperature in the province is 15- 17℃. It is hot in Leng Xia in winter in most areas, with changeable temperature in spring and rapid cooling in autumn. In a year, it is coldest in June at 5438+ 10, and the average temperature in most areas is 2-4℃. It is the hottest in July, with an average temperature of 27-29℃ and an extreme maximum temperature above 40℃, except in mountainous areas. The frost-free period in this province is between 230 and 300 days. The average precipitation is between 800- 1600 mm, and the regional distribution of precipitation decreases from south to north, with the maximum value in southwest Hubei 1400- 1600 mm and the minimum value in northwest Hubei 800- 1000 mm. The distribution of precipitation has obvious seasonal changes, generally the most in summer and the least in winter. The rainfall in summer is 300-700 mm, and that in winter is 30- 190 mm. The rainfall is the largest from mid-June to mid-July, and the intensity is Meiyu period in Hubei.

7. Hunan is located in the south of the Yangtze River, with low latitude, subtropical monsoon region, humid climate and obvious continental characteristics. Winter is often controlled by dry and cold air masses from Siberia and Mongolia Plateau, which is relatively dry and cold. Under the influence of quasi-static front and cyclone activity, it can bring some rain, snow and frost weather. Summer is mostly occupied by warm and humid air masses at low latitudes, and the climate is hot and rainy. In spring, there is a confrontation between the north and south air currents on the ground, frequent cyclones and frontal activities, more rain and changeable weather. Autumn is a transitional season from summer to winter. The subtropical high forces gradually withdrew to the south, and the northerly airflow gradually controlled the whole territory. The whole province presents autumn weather with very stable vertical structure of exit layer and low humidity. The climate characteristics of Hunan can be summarized in four sentences: mild climate with distinct seasons; Sufficient heat and concentrated precipitation; The temperature is changeable in spring and dry in summer and autumn; The severe cold period is short and the hot summer period is long.

Source: Provincial government portal.