What are the types and cultivation of orchids?

Orchid originated in China and is one of the world-famous precious flowers. Gorgeous appearance, beautiful but not vulgar, elegant, fragrant and refreshing, known as the king's fragrance. Orchids have a long history, which was recorded in ancient books 2000 years ago. There are as many as ten thousand varieties, which are the best among flowers. Common varieties are: Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum, among which Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum are the most common, and flower growers are the most widely cultivated in China.

Chunlan, also known as grass orchid, likes to grow in the shade of hillsides, valleys or streams. The leaves are 40-50 cm long, dark green in color, narrow in clusters, bent and drooping, free and easy in posture and elegant. There is only one flower on each rhizome, which is light yellow, light green or grass green and green, and blooms in March-April. Sulan is the most precious, fragrant and elegant.

Xia Lan, also known as Cymbidium hybridum, blooms later than Cymbidium hybridum, usually in April-May. Born on the sunny side of the mountain. Root fleshy, root fleshy, light yellow, nearly oval, aggregated. The leaves are long and narrow, linear, smooth and shiny, and grow obliquely. Flowers stand upright from stems, with racemes, 7- 12 flowers, yellowish in color, with green and white lips, red and purple spots and fragrance. There are many farming provinces in central China.

Jianlan, also known as Qiu Lan, was originally from Fujian, hence its name. It likes to grow in warm valleys or cliffs facing south. This flower has broad leaves, strong and shiny, upright stems and dark green leaves. It blooms from August to September every year, with 7-8 flowers per stem, yellowish with green halo, and purple spots on the petals. Elegant and lovely, the flowers are rich, overflowing with the wind, which makes people relaxed and happy.

Orchids are generally propagated by individual plants, but their growth is very slow. An orchid can only grow one new stem a year. If you are slightly uncomfortable in water, soil, fertilizer, temperature and other conditions, it is easy to stop growing and become a new tiller. Only under the condition of proper management and normal growth of orchids, after 2-3 years, strong and vigorous plants can be selected for rameting. The branching time can be carried out around Qingming or autumnal equinox. Some time before the pot is divided, it is necessary to stop watering, so that the pot soil is fully dried, so that the roots contract and soften, otherwise the brittle and hard fleshy roots are easy to break. When dividing the roots, we should find out the places where the distance between the two pseudobulb is large and cut them off. Each root must have roots and new buds to grow new plants.

Orchid is a delicate flower. If you don't take good care of water, fertilizer, soil, temperature and light, you can't raise it well.

Water is watering. Orchids like cool and wet, but wet means that the soil stays wet and the rivers get more irrigation. When the climate is dry, it is advisable to use a fine-hole watering can to pour the leaves and pot soil until it is slightly wet, and it must not be poured too much to let the roots of flowers accumulate water. When the weather is dry in summer, spray water on the leaves, preferably 2-3 times a day. In winter, if you don't see that the soil is too dry, you don't need to water it. But it should not be too dry in spring, summer and autumn. So orchids are best planted in the shade not far from ponds and Woods. In this environment, there is high humidity in the air, which is suitable for orchid growth.

Fertilizer refers to fertilization. Orchids like fertilizer, but they can't stand too much fertilizer. If inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) is used, it should be diluted and not watered too much. Rice is stored in rice washing water 1 day and then applied (pour the soil into the basin, not the leaves), and the amount of fertilizer is enough. Soak the peeled apple peel and core in water for 1-2 days and then water the flowers. In addition, this water fertilizer is not concentrated, contains a variety of nutrients, has a certain acidity, and is suitable for orchids' appetite.

The water used to water the flowers is preferably the water in the pond. Because there is bleaching powder and alkalinity in tap water, if tap water is irrigated for a long time, the alkalinity of basin soil will increase continuously, which is not conducive to the growth of orchids. If you really can't get pond water, you can only use tap water, so put tap water in a container for a day and then pour it, which can reduce the alkali content. In winter or when the weather is cold, if you want to water it, you must use warm water of more than ten degrees Celsius, and you can't water it to a place much lower than the temperature of the pot soil, otherwise the orchid will be damaged.

The soil, that is, the soil for orchid cultivation, should be loose soil with sufficient rotten leaf fertilizer or self-made acidic sandy nutrient soil. Orchids like acidic soil, and its pH value is preferably between 5 and 6.5. Whether the soil is suitable or not has an important relationship with orchid cultivation.

Temperature is to pay attention to the suitable temperature of orchids. Orchids love to enjoy the cool and avoid sultry weather, but because they are native to the south, they can't stand freezing. Therefore, it should be ventilated and cool in summer or placed in a cool and ventilated environment. In cold days, they should be kept in a warm place sheltered from the wind, and in winter, they should be moved indoors to avoid frostbite.

Light is sunshine. Orchids are fond of shade, so it is not advisable to bask more. If possible, on sunny days in spring, autumn and winter, move them to the sun for 2-3 hours, from 8: 00 am to 10. Sunbathing for half an hour around 8 am in summer is good for orchids.

It is particularly noteworthy that orchids are most afraid of soot, and they will die when smoked. You need to say goodbye when you move orchids indoors in winter.

Orchid cultivation and guidance

Brief introduction of orchid cultivation

First, choosing good planting materials is the basis of raising orchids. Orchid root is a fleshy root and likes ventilation. Nowadays, many people who plant orchids for the first time mostly use garden soil or field mud, and die because of poor air permeability and excessive watering. The following planting materials should be selected:

1, garden soil (or decomposed soil) 50%+ coarse sand 30%+ coarse chaff (or fine shavings) 20% are mixed evenly, and the bottom of the basin should be made of bricks the size of chestnuts.

2.60% clean coarse river sand (sand screen waste can be used for capital construction) +40% sawdust (or discarded edible fungus cultivation materials or snake wood), and the basin bottom should be made of bricks.

3. High-quality fish pond mud particles. That is, the dried pollution-free pond mud is broken into particles the size of broad beans and peanuts. The bottom of this basin is made of brick.

4. Mix 60% peanut-sized bricks and 40% orchid-specific bark matrix.

Beginners should not grow orchids in large pots. Generally, international pots or small pots are suitable, with a pot diameter of 15-20cm, and 3-5 plants can be planted in each pot.

Second, orchids on family balconies should be protected from sun exposure, strong wind, cold and freezing. Exposure to the sun will cause burnt tail and dead leaves, but it should not be too shady. Excessive shading will affect flowering. Also pay attention to improving the air humidity.

Third, water and fertilize. Pay attention to keep plants moist, water them in the morning and evening in summer, at noon in spring and autumn, and less in winter. We must master the principle of not doing or failing, and fall down when we see it, thoroughly. Fertilization should master the principle of applying thin fertilizer frequently, and compound particles (preferably special flower fertilizer) can be selected. Dry 6-8 capsules per pot, or add 1000 times water. You can also organically apply the "flower protector" to the edge of the pot for fertilization, with 3-6 grams per pot at a time. When applying fertilizer, pay attention to the fact that the fertilizer can't touch the blue head or bud, so as not to damage the fertilizer. Once a month, not in winter. If foliar fertilizer can be sprayed every 10- 15 days, the effect will be better.

Fourth, control pests and diseases. The main diseases of orchids are black spot (anthracnose) and leaf rot, which can be controlled by antibacterial drugs such as thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim. The main pests of orchids are scale insects and thrips, which can be quickly culled or sprayed with insecticides such as omethoate. Use pesticides according to the instructions and master the concentration. Prevention should be given priority to, and it is advisable to spray once every 10 day from April to June every year.

Introduction to orchid management

January: orchids like being wet and afraid of being wet, and they like being dry and afraid of being dry. Watering, killing insects and sterilizing once and foliar fertilization 1-2 times this morning.

Note: No fertilizer will be applied this month to prevent the cold wind.

February: Spring buds germinate, sterilized and killed once every ten days, and applied between thin fertilizers.

Note: the concentration of anti-fertilizer drugs is too high, which will not harm the bud leaves.

March: During the spring equinox, the weather is getting warmer. Cut off ornamental flowers and fallen leaves as soon as possible, and apply fertilizer alternately in leaf pots, preferably lightly. This month is the best time for orchids to change pots.

Note: supplement organic fertilizer, increase lighting and kill insects and sterilize.

April: rainy season, the most important thing this month is sterilization and disease prevention. Spray 1-2 times on the leaves to remove the dust on the leaves, which is beneficial to photosynthesis.

Note: prevent excessive rain and high temperature, and let orchids receive more sunlight.

May: The sunshine is getting stronger and stronger, so it is necessary to shade properly and apply more fertilizer, but not too thick. Change the basin as soon as possible on cloudy days.

Note: Prevent pests from appearing in new buds.

June: At the beginning of summer heat, Eupatorium odoratum and Cymbidium sinense are released daily, and the leaves are sprayed 1-2 times in the morning and evening. Insecticidal sterilization should be carried out in a cool night, and more thin fertilizer should be applied.

Note: it is not advisable to change pots at will.

July: In the hot summer season, spray water in the morning and evening to increase the shade and apply organic fertilizer. Water should be done at night. The basin is placed between orchids, and the wetland is watered to cool down.

Note: To prevent the blue color from being damaged by extreme heat, it should be ventilated.

August: From autumn, it is still appropriate to increase organic fertilizer and carry out pest control, sterilization and watering at night. This month is the full flowering period of Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum, and nutrition should be supplemented after flowering.

Note: heatstroke prevention and cooling are needed.

September: Summer heat is the strongest, so it is necessary to spray more water to kill insects and sterilize according to the normal dosage. Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum are all out, protect the flower buds.

Note: orchids should not be exposed outdoors.

10 month: increase the amount of daylighting and appropriately increase the watering times. Except flowering plants, fertilization should be applied 2-3 times. Before the end of this month, change pots and materials, spray blue leaves 1-2 times, and dust the leaves.

Attention: Strengthen sterilization to prevent orchid plants from getting sick in winter.

1 1 month: When the first frost comes, stop fertilizing, water and spray in the morning, and kill insects and sterilize for 2-3 times.

Note: I'm afraid Han Lan will gradually move into the room.

1February: orchids go into hibernation and avoid changing pots for fertilization. Insecticidal sterilization for 2-3 times, watering in sunny morning.

Note: cold and antifreeze.

There are five common diseases of orchids.

1. Rot. Caused by diseased mold, leaves, seedlings and roots are generally harmed. The reason is that the roots of orchids are cut off in the process of digging, damaged in the process of transportation, the culture soil contains pythium, too much culture base fertilizer, human excrement and urine are dumped, and the water contains salt. In light cases, the roots of orchids rot and the leaves turn red. In severe cases, the seedlings wither and the arrows shrink until they die. Prevention and control methods: Sterile agents such as "copper sulfate" can be sprayed. The water quality should be pure, and human excrement should not be used.

2. Black spot disease. Black spots appear on the leaves, which gradually expand, and when it is serious, it locally spreads to the whole tissue, causing most leaves to wither and turn black, losing the ornamental value of leaf shape, leading to poor growth of orchids. The occurrence of this disease is mainly caused by excessive water and insufficient ventilation. Prevention and control methods: strengthen ventilation, control water supply and spray "Fenxiuling".

3. White silk disease. It is a disease caused by germs, which mostly occurs in the rainy period at the turn of summer and autumn. At the base of leaf sheath and next to pseudobulb, there is a layer of white filamentous reticular hyphae spreading, which can make orchid plants die quickly. Prevention and control methods: After discovery, it should be eliminated quickly, and at the same time, "Bordeaux solution" or "nicotine sulfate solution" should be sprayed for sterilization, so as to isolate the damaged orchid pots and strengthen ventilation and light transmission in time.

4. Brown rot. This is a bacterial disease. It mainly occurs in new leaves and pseudobulb. At the early stage of the disease, water stains first appeared on the leaves and pseudobulb, then turned light brown, and gradually turned dark brown, with wrinkles on the surface of the affected area; There is water around. The disease develops rapidly, often in the morning, and the injured part turns yellow and white at night. After one day, the whole plant or the whole pseudobulb is soft and rotten. It mainly occurs in late spring and early summer. Once found, it is necessary to immediately turn over the pots and change the soil, cut off and burn the diseased parts as a whole, disinfect the cuts of the remaining plants with sulfur powder or mercuric chloride water, stop water for a week, strengthen the lighting and ventilation of Lantian, and temporarily isolate the pots. Then spray the whole grass with diluted 1000 times "nicotine sulfate solution".

5. anthrax. It is the most serious disease in Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium cymosum, which started as yellow spots and gradually spread to dark brown spots. Prevention and treatment: Remove the diseased leaves and burn them, then spray 65% zineb liquid medicine. At the same time, the blue flowerpot should be changed to a cool and ventilated place, and it should be sheltered from rain in rainy days.