Can you tell me the meaning of these poems?

Zhang: A Moonlit Night on the Spring River was praised by Mr. Wen Yiduo as "the poem among poems, the peak on the peak" (the redemption of palace poems), which has fascinated countless readers for more than 1000 years. Zhang Yisheng left only two poems, which were also "a lonely poem, but it was written for everyone".

The title of this poem is very attractive. Spring, river, flowers, moon and night, these five things embody the most touching beauty of life and constitute a fascinating and wonderful artistic realm.

The poet began to grasp the topic, and began to get the topic from the beginning, sketching a magnificent picture of a moonlit night by the river: the tides of rivers are connected with the sea, and the moon is full and ebbing. The sea here is empty. The river tide is boundless, as if connected with the sea, with great momentum. At this time, a bright moon was born with the tide, and the scene was very spectacular. A word "destiny" gives the bright moon and the tide a fresh life. The moonlight shines thousands of miles away, where is it not on the bright moon river! In spring, the river winds around Yuan Ye, where flowers and plants are everywhere, and the moonlight falls on the flower trees like a layer of snow. The poet is really a unique skill of Dan Qing. With a slight stroke, he touched the strange "flowers" in the moonlight by the river. At the same time, he skillfully paid the title of "Moonlight on a Spring River". The poet's observation of moonlight is extremely subtle: moonlight washes away colorful things in the world and turns the world into a dreamy Yin Hui color. So "first frost doesn't fly" and "white sand can't be seen", only the bright moonlight. Delicate brushwork creates a mythical and wonderful realm, which makes the moonlit night by the river look extraordinarily beautiful and quiet. These eight sentences, from big to small, from far to near, gradually condensed on a lonely moon.

The clear universe of heaven and earth seems to make people enter a pure world, which naturally causes the poet's reverie and meditation: "Who sees the moon by the river?" When did Jiang Yue take the photo at the beginning of the year? "The poet leaps forward in thought, but closely connects with life and explores the philosophy of life and the mystery of the universe. This kind of exploration has existed in ancient times, such as Cao Zhi's Looking at Ying Shi: "Heaven and earth have no end, life is like frost", and Ruan Ji's "Life is dusty, and Heaven has grace", etc., but the theme of the poem is mostly to feel that the universe is eternal and life is short. Zhang is unique here. His thought did not fall into the trap of predecessors, but turned out a new idea: "Life is endless from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is only similar every year." "Personal life is fleeting, but human existence is long-lasting, so" endless "life and" similar year after year "bright moon can coexist. This is a comfort that the poet feels from the beautiful scenery of nature. Although the poet is temporarily sad about life, it is not decadence and despair, but because of his pursuit and love for life. The keynote of the whole poem is "mourning without hurting", which enables us to hear the echo of the voice of the early Tang Dynasty.

"I don't know who Jiang Yue treats, but the Yangtze River sends water" is closely related to the "only similarity" in the previous sentence. Life goes on from generation to generation, so does Jiangyue every year. A lonely moon lingers in the sky as if waiting for someone, but it will never come true. In the moonlight, only the river rapids are rushing away. With the flow of the river, poetry is full of waves, pushing poetry to a more far-reaching realm. There is enmity between Jiang and Yue, and running water is ruthless. The poet naturally turned his brushwork from the natural scenery in the first half to the image of life, which led to the separation of men and women in the second half.

The four sentences of Baiyun are always written in the moonlight on the riverside, thinking about the feelings of his wife and wanderer. "Baiyun" and "Qingfeng Spectrum" are lyrical. The floating white clouds symbolize that the whereabouts of the "boat" are unknown. "Qingfeng Pu" is a place name, but "Feng" and "Pu" are often used as other scenery and places in poetry. The words "whose home" and "where" have different meanings. It is precisely because of more than one place that the poet put forward such a question, a kind of acacia, which led to the separation of the two places, one after another, poetic ripples, twists and turns.

The following eight "poor" sentences bear the sentence of "where" and write about thinking about leaving people's memories. But the poet doesn't directly think about a woman's sadness and tears, but uses the "moon" to set off her nostalgia, and the sadness and tears come out. The poem personifies the "moon" and the word "wandering" is extremely vivid: first, the clouds are swimming, so the light and shadow are uncertain; Second, the moonlight lingers upstairs, pitying the thinking woman. It wanted to accompany Sifu and relieve her troubles, so it sprinkled soft light on the dresser, on the jade curtain and on the anvil. Unexpectedly, I miss my wife more than anything. She tried to get rid of the annoying moonlight, but the moonlight "rolled away" and "brushed back" and sincerely attached to her. Here, the two spoony actions of "rolling" and "brushing" vividly show the anxiety and confusion of thinking about women. The feelings caused by moonlight deeply troubled her. At this moment, isn't the moonlight shining on the lover in the distance? I look forward to the moonlight but I can't know each other, so I have to rely on the bright moon to send my love to you from afar. Looking up to the sky: Hongyan flies far away, but without the light and shadow of the moon, flying is futile; Looking at the river, fish jump in the deep water, just causing ripples, and jumping is useless. "The feet are in the fish intestines, and the heart is full of goose feet." I can't send a message to the fish goose who is in charge of delivering letters now-it's time to add some worries!

In the last eight sentences, the poet used fallen flowers, flowing water and waning moon to set off homesickness. "Flat Boat" even dreamed of going home-flowers fall into a secluded pool, spring will be old, people are still far away, what a pity! Rivers flow in spring, not only the natural springs, but also the youth, happiness and longing of wanderers. The moon fell on the pond, setting off his miserable and lonely mood. Thick sea fog hides the falling moon; Jieshi and Xiaoxiang are far apart, and the road is so far. The word "heavy" aggravated his loneliness; The Infinite Road also deepened his homesickness infinitely. He thought: I wonder how many people can take the moon back to their hometown on this beautiful night by the river! His secret love, accompanied by the light of the waning moon, was sprinkled in the Woods by the river. ...

"The falling moon shakes the trees all over the river", the "shaking feelings" in this sentence-endless thoughts, intertwined with the feelings of moonlight, wanderers and poets, fell on the trees by the river, and also fell on the hearts of readers, which is fascinating.

"Moonlit Night on the Spring River" transcends the previous landscape poems that simply shape mountains and rivers, the philosophical poems that "yearn for the infinity of the universe and mourn the moment of my life", and the love poems that express the feelings of children leaving. Poets have injected new meanings into these common traditional themes, blending poetry, painting and philosophy. With the help of the description of the moonlit night on the riverside, they praised the wonderful scenery of nature, eulogized the pure love among the people, expanded their sympathy for the wandering women, and combined it with the pursuit of life philosophy and the exploration of the mysteries of the universe, thus integrating it into a kind of love, scenery and management. The poet deliberately hides the profound and beautiful artistic world in a vague artistic atmosphere, and the whole poem seems to be shrouded in an ethereal and confused moonlight, attracting readers to explore the true meaning of beauty.

The whole poem takes spring, river, flowers, moon and night as the background and the moon as the main body. "Moon" is a mixture of scenery and scenery in poetry. It beats the pulse of the poet, and it is like a bond of life in the whole poem. It runs through ups and downs, touching the scene, and poetry fluctuates with the birth and death of the moon. The moon went through the process of rising, hanging high, setting in the west and setting in the sun overnight. Under the moonlight, rivers, beaches, the sky, Yuan Ye, maple trees, flower forests, flying frost, white flowers, boats, tall buildings, dressing tables, anvil stones, flying geese, diving ichthyosaurs, sleepless homesickness and wandering wanderers form a complete poetic image, showing a picture full of philosophy and life interest. The color of this picture scroll is light and rich. Although sketched in ink and wash, it is "ink in the colorful", showing colorful artistic effects from the complementary of black and white and the coexistence of reality and reality. It is like an elegant China ink painting, which reflects the beautiful artistic conception of the moonlit night by the river.

The rhythm of poetry is also very distinctive. The poet's emotional melody in his poems is extremely tragic, but it is neither a sad bamboo nor a complicated string, but a serenade or dream like a violin, which is meaningful and meaningful. The inner feelings of poetry are so warm and deep, but they are natural and peaceful, as regular and rhythmic as the pulse, and the rhythm of poetry fluctuates accordingly. There are thirty-six sentences in the whole poem, four of which rhyme and nine change rhyme. It started with the level of Geng rhyme, followed by the level of Yue rhyme, Zhen rhyme, Paper rhyme, You rhyme, Grey rhyme, Wen rhyme and Ma rhyme, and ended with Yu rhyme. The poet mixed Yang rhyme with Yin rhyme, alternating high and low tones, and the order was loud (Geng, Shuo and Zhen)-subtle (paper)-soft (especially, gray)-loud (literary, hemp)-subtle (encounter). The whole poem changes with the change of rhyme, and the use of flat tones is staggered, singing three sighs and calling around, which is repetitive and continuous, with a strong and beautiful sense of music rhythm. This change in pronunciation and charm is in the same strain as the ups and downs of poetry, which can be described as a harmonious combination of sound and text.

Moonlit Night on the Spring River is an old topic in Yuefu's Song of Wu Sheng in Qing Dynasty. Who is the creator? Opinions vary. Or "not detailed"; Or what Chen Houzhu did; Or what the Emperor Yang Di did. According to Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poems, besides Zhang, there are two poems, one by Zhuge Ying, two poems and one by Wen. They are either narrow in structure or too rich in content, far less than Zhang's articles. This ancient topic, in Zhang's hands, made generate shine brilliantly and gained immortal artistic life. Today, people don't even ask who is the original creator of this old topic, but the real creative right of the poem "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" belongs to Zhang.

Zhang, who left only two poems in his life, was "lonely and for everyone" because of "Moonlit Night on a Spring River". The philosophy of life contained in this poem, like a strong emotion coming at you, has fascinated countless literati and poets for thousands of years. No wonder, this poem was praised by Mr Wen Yiduo as "a poem among poems, a peak among peaks".

This poem not only depicts a beautiful moonlit picture by the river, but also shows rich and delicate emotions. However, it is particularly important that this emotion is also permeated with rational thinking, that is, thinking in love. Faced with such a beautiful picture and the most touching beauty reflected by the five objects on the riverside, perhaps it is really "joy begets sorrow". The clear universe of heaven and earth has aroused the poet's reverie and meditation: "Who saw the moon on the riverside first?" When did Jiang Yue take the photo at the beginning of the year? "Jiang Yue is so beautiful, and the wonderful scenery can't help but remind people of the profoundness and eternity of the universe, thus linking their own lives with such smallness and brevity. Who stood by the river and was the first to be surprised by the bright moonlight? In what year did the bright moon shine on the river? I'm afraid no one can tell. After all, human life is too short, too short! If people want to race against time, they will eventually fail, and life is really easy to pass. Isn't the eternal change of human beings from generation to generation a manifestation of the shortness of life? The bright moon is similar every year. Why is this month the same every year? Perhaps, just like people who have left this world, they are waiting for the arrival of their loved ones! "I don't know who Jiang Yuezhao is. "Here, an anthropomorphic technique is used to write the moon with great feelings. In order to meet the person she expects, it can last forever. The poet looked up at the moon and down at the river. What a short time it is! " The deceased is like a husband; Don't give up day and night ",life, people's youth is not sent away by this turbulent current? From the infinity of time and space to the limitation of life, the poet feels mysterious and cordial, showing a deeper and broader sense of the universe. Similar moons and images of different people hide the poet's short-lived grief over life, which runs through the whole poem and creates an artistic conception with endless charm.

However, the key of the whole poem lies in the description of Sifu in the second half, who is unhappy because she is looking forward to seeing her lover. But she still believes that although they are separated from each other and can't hear each other quietly, they will definitely miss the bright moon together at this time. There is a famous saying in Qiu Ge's Song of Midnight at Four o'clock in the Southern Dynasties: lifting myself to look, I found that it was moonlight, send acacia by the moon. In this poem, the feeling of trust in the moon is changed to "May the moon shine on you", which is more intense and urgent. The word "chase" here makes the deep, persistent and passionate feelings about women more vivid, concrete and vivid, and gives readers a distinct sense of movement. It can be seen that although there is a brief sadness about life in the poem, it is only out of love and pursuit of life, and the poet has not been decadent and desperate. Its keynote is "sadness without injury", which reflects the aspirations of the early Tang Dynasty.

Of course, due to the limitations of the times and classes, this poem also has some shortcomings, and it has not completely got rid of the influence of formalism in the Six Dynasties. However, the profound feelings expressed by many colorful images in this poem are also frightening, especially the understanding and appreciation of life sentiment can arouse readers' deep thinking and sentiment. This is also the performance of the poet's superb skills, combining scenery with reason perfectly, creating a new artistic conception and giving people a new understanding and feeling.

Appreciation of moonlit flowers on the riverside

It turned out to be a pipa solo, named Sunset Flute Drum (also known as Sunset Flute Song, Xunyang Pipa, Xunyang jathyapple and Xunyang Song). About 1925, this piece was first adapted into a national orchestra. After liberation, it has been adapted by many people, which is more perfect and deeply loved by domestic and foreign audiences. Through euphemistic and simple melody, smooth and changeable rhythm, clever and delicate orchestration and clever performance, music vividly depicts the charming scenery of the riverside on a moonlit night and praises the charm of Jiangnan water town. The whole song is like a long scroll of landscape painting, with delicate strokes, soft colors, beautiful and elegant, and fascinating.

The first paragraph, "Bells and Drums in Jianglou", describes the setting sun reflected on the river, and the smoke rippled. Then, the band played a beautiful theme in unison, and the phrases were linked and euphemistic. The drums are soft and profound (fragment 1). The second and third paragraphs show the artistic conception of "Mount Dongshan on the Moon" (the second paragraph) and "Wind returns to water". Then, if you see the river blowing gently, flowers swaying, reflections in the water, layers of trance. Entering the fifth stage of "deep clouds", the magnificent scenery of "there is no dust in the sky on the river, and there is a solitary moon wheel in the sky" arises spontaneously. The band played in unison, speeding up the pace, just like the picture of white sails, fishing songs in the distance, singing one by one from far and near. In the seventh paragraph, the pipa is played with a sweeping wheel, just like a fishing boat breaking through the water and setting off waves lapping on the shore. The climax of the whole song is the ninth paragraph "Alas, it is to return to the ship", which shows the artistic conception of "Alas, yes" from far and near by breaking water and splashing waves. Returning to the boat, all is silent, and the river is even more quiet. The whole song ends in a melodious and slow melody, which makes people memorable.

Xin Qiji: These two sentences are from Xin Qiji's "Partridge to Send People". The original intention is that water meets the sky, and the trees on the shore are endless, and the clouds are lingering, covering the middle of the mountain. These two sentences probably describe what people see on the boat: the water is very wide and far away, connected with the sky, sitting on the boat, only to see the endless trees on the shore drifting with the tide, as if they had been sent away by the water, and the mountains in the distance are shrouded in clouds, and the whole mountain is covered by half.

Huang: In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong (1082), Huang Tingjian was appointed as a magistrate in Taihe County, Jizhou (now Taihe County, Jiangxi Province). In his spare time, the poet often goes to "Tsinghua Pavilion, named after the mountains and rivers of Chengjiang" (Qing Yi governs Ji 'an House). This famous tune is to write out what you have seen and felt temporarily. It embodies the poet's aesthetic taste and artistic thought, so it is often cited as a representative by critics.

Generally speaking, the beginning of an article or poem is often so difficult that some writers often cut it off, because at the beginning, the author has not integrated with the situation of the work, so it is easy to pose. Huang's poems begin with colloquial expressions, but they can be wonderfully conceived and fascinating. The poet said, I, fool, boarded the express booth after finishing my official business. In the afterglow of sunset, I leaned against the fence and looked out. These two sentences, seemingly simple and popular, contain extremely rich contents: the first sentence is based on a sentence by Xia Houdun in Fu Xianchuan, the Book of Jin, "It is not easy to be an official although having children is crazy." "If you sit in a daze, you will hear it again soon!" The latter sentence uses Du Fu's "Pay attention to Leng Jiang's leaning against the mountain pavilion" and Li Shangyin's "The eternal chastity soul leans against the sunset glow", and there are many amazing transformations. The word "idiot" reverses the meaning of predecessors and directly admits that he is "idiot", which is one of the humors; The word "let it go" renders the poet's happy mood of relief, echoes the "fast" darkness of "fast songs" and increases the sense of unity. This is the second wonderful use; The word "leaning on yat sen villa" is beyond the previous stereotype. The "leaning" and leaning against the mountain pavilion in Du Fu's poems are plain descriptions of the real situation; Li's "leaning", whose theme is "eternal chastity soul", is an illusory reality; The "leaning" of Huang's poems can be described as the combination of reality and reality; The poet's leaning is a real scene, but he leans on the boundless twilight sky. Look at these three schools, just like an artistic photography. In the afterglow of the sunset, poets and pavilions are behind them. ......

Not only that, the word "leaning on the sunset glow" also paved the way for the description of the next sentence, which made the poet generate sing the swan song of "the mountains in front are vast and the rivers are bright". Looking at countless autumn mountains from afar, the fallen leaves on the mountains have fallen, and the vast sky is wider at this time. Clear as jade, the Chengjiang River flows under the pavilion, and a crescent moon is reflected on the river, which is even more ethereal and clear. This is a description of the scenery the poet visited when he first boarded the pavilion, and it is also a portrayal of the poet's mind. Reading such poems can't help but remind people of Du Fu's famous sentences: "Leaves are falling like a waterfall, but I think the long river is always rolling in" and Xie Tiao's "Yu Xia is scattered into Qi, and Chengjiang is as clean as practice". And this sentence of Huang Gu not only absorbs the nutrients of predecessors to exercise and melt, but also represents a new realm. Therefore, predecessors have commented on this sentence: "Its artistic conception is epoch-making, so it can really split the secrets of ancient and modern times." (Zhang "Lu Zhai Xue Ji Ji Ji")

Five or six sentences are the middle sentences in which the poet skillfully uses allusions. In the previous sentence, I thanked my bosom friend with Boya holding the piano. "Lu Chunqiu's original taste" contains: "If you die, you will lose your piano and string, and you will never play the piano for life, thinking that the world is not enough to be a drummer." The last sentence uses Ruan Ji's blue eyes. Historically, Ruan Ji was good at blue eyes. "When you see people with customs, you should look at them with white eyes." See the person you like "jealous" (Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin). The poet's two sentences mean that because my bosom friend was absent, I broke the Zhu string on the piano and stopped playing, so I had to clear a bottle of wine to relieve my worries. The word "horizontal" is used incisively and vividly here, showing the image of the poet's helplessness, loneliness and boredom.

The poet said that he hoped to board the boat, play the melodious flute and return to his distant hometown-my heart, which had already made a covenant with Bai Ou. Judging from the structure of the whole poem, the ending is quite wonderful: first of all, the poet talks about "giving up his official duties for idiots", showing his boredom with his official career and his desire to enjoy the natural scenery in the pavilion; Then, gradually getting better, the poet was intoxicated by the beautiful moonlight in Qian Shan and Chengjiang, which was in sharp contrast with the "ending" of the beginning "business"; In the beautiful scenery, the worries in the poet's heart come for no reason, and the poet feels the pain that his ambition cannot be realized and his heart is not understood. So where is the way out? This naturally leads to the poets' thoughts of "returning to the ship" and "Bai Ou". This ending not only echoes the beginning, but also ends with the trend, giving people a feeling of "hovering down in one breath" (Pan Boying's comments). And it is meaningful and imaginative.

This poem was highly praised by later generations. Yao Nai called this poem "majestic and rhythmic, this move is too white, and it is sung in seven methods"; Fang commented: "start with four sentences, write them, one sentence is expensive, and five or six sentences are vulgar." Relax. This so-called "one-way street" is the combination of couples. " These comments are very pertinent. Weng Fanggang commented on the poem of Huangshan Canyon like this: "Apart from Pogong, there is such an extremely high power, an extremely great realm, and the vitality of nature is exhausted." Reciting this poem is well deserved.

Wang Shizhen: The trees with red leaves line up on the mountain, overlooking the past, and the mountains are immersed in the afterglow of the sunset. It makes people feel refreshed, uncomfortable and happy.

Wang Wei: The poet focused his pen and ink on what he is best at winning-writing landscapes. The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate. In particular, the link of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "the wonders of the ages" by Wang Guowei. The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but it gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless. The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery. The forty-eighth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions said: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." . How straight do you want to smoke? The sun is naturally round. The word' straight' seems unreasonable, and the word' round' seems too vulgar. When I closed the book and remembered, I seemed to have seen this scene. You have to look for two more words of these two, but you can't find two words. The advantage of "this is" poetry is indescribable, but it is vivid when you want to leave; "It seems unreasonable, and it is reasonable to want to go." This passage also reveals the superb artistic realm of these two poems.