Who is a hero who does not bow his head?

Wen Tianxiang (1236— 1283) was an outstanding national hero [1] and a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Han nationality, Luling (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province), formerly known as Sun Yun, was named Wenshan and Fuxiu Taoist. His works include The Complete Works of Wenshan and Wenshan Yuefu, and his famous works include Song Zhengqi and Crossing the Zero and Ding Yang. Song Lizong was the top scholar in the fourth year of Baoyu (1256), and was also called "the three outstanding men in the late Song Dynasty" with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie. His poems in his later years are impassioned, desolate and tragic, with strong appeal, reflecting his loyal national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit. 128365438+1passed away generously in Chaishikou, Beijing on October 9 (December 9 of the lunar calendar) at the age of 47. Wen Tianxiang wrote a lot of poems in prison, and his works such as Crossing Ding Yang and Song Zhengqi have become the last words of the ages and are symbols of the Chinese national spirit.

[Edit this paragraph] Life introduction

19 years old, Wen Tianxiang won the first place in Luling Township School Examination. The following year (the fourth year of Baoyu), he entered Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi), and in the same year he chose Gong from Jizhou, and went to Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, with his father to take the exam. In the imperial examination, he pertinently put forward the "imperial examination strategy", put forward the reform plan and expressed his political ambition. Song Lizong was the first in the pro-election, and he became Jia Sidao's favorite pupil. Examiner Wang Yinglin said, "He is like a turtle mirror, loyal to his liver as a stone, and dares to congratulate others." But four days later, his father died, and Wen Tianxiang went home to mourn for three years. In the early Qing Dynasty (1259), Mongolian troops attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and eunuch Dong asked to move the capital to avoid the enemy's front. Wen Tianxiang invited Dong to cut it to boost people's hearts and offer a plan to defend against the enemy, which was not adopted. Later, he successively went to Zhongshu, and served as a naval officer, a punishments officer, a Jiangxi officer, a Shangshu Zuosi officer, a Hunan officer and a Ganzhou officer. In the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he was dismissed for offending the traitor Jia Sidao.

In the first month of the first year of Deyou, Song Gongdi (1275), due to the massive attack of the Yuan army, the defense line of the Yangtze River in Song Jun collapsed, and the imperial court ordered various places to organize military forces and soldiers to be loyal to him. Wen Tianxiang immediately donated his fortune as a military expense, recruited local heroes, and formed a rebel army of more than 10,000 people to go to Lin 'an. In Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the magistrate of Pingjiang Prefecture, ordered to send troops to rescue Changzhou, and then ordered him to rescue Shangguan alone. Because of the fierce offensive of the Yuan Army, Jiangxi rebels fought bravely, but failed to stop the Yuan Army in the end.

In the first month of the following year, the Yuan army arrived in Lin 'an, and civil and military officials fled. Empress Xie appointed Wen Tianxiang as the right prime minister and special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and sent him out of the city to negotiate in an attempt to make peace with the Yuan Army. Wen Tianxiang arrived at the Yuan Army Camp, but was detained by Bo Yan. Seeing that the tide had run out, Empress Xie had to give up the city and surrender to the Yuan Army.

The Yuan Army occupied Lin 'an, but Huaihe River, Jiangnan, Fujian and Guangxi were not completely controlled and occupied by the Yuan Army. So, Bo Yan tried to seduce Wen Tianxiang and use his reputation to clean up the mess as soon as possible. Wen Tianxiang would rather die than surrender, so Bo Yan had to escort him to the north. Wen Tianxiang ventured to flee on his way to Zhenjiang. After many difficulties and obstacles, he arrived in Fuzhou on May 26th, the first year of Jingyan (1276), and was appointed as the right prime minister by Zhao Yun, the little emperor of Song Duanzong.

In July, Wen Tianxiang was very dissatisfied with Zhang Shijie's autocratic state affairs, and was at odds with Chen, so he left the Southern Song Dynasty for the DPRK. As a viceroy, he assembled troops in Nanjian Prefecture (now Nanping, Fujian Province) to command the anti-Yuan, and later entered the Qing Dynasty to write the poem "Lady Diao Huili":

Millions of dogs and sheep were swept away, and Jiashan Wan Li was sealed; If a man is unfair and strong, he will die ashamed of Mingxi Shenqi Niang.

10, Wen Tianxiang moved to Tingzhou, Liancheng and other places, and sent Counsellor Wu Jun to contact the anti-Yuan rebels all over the country to persist in the struggle.

In the second year of Jingyan (1277), Yuan soldiers marched in and Wen Tianxiang tried to repel the enemy according to Liancheng. Huang Qu, the governor of Tingzhou, heard that the emperor sailed into the sea and the soldiers in the county were unfaithful. Wen Tianxiang moved to Longyan one by one. In February, Wen Tianxiang led an army to attack Meizhou. In April, after killing two overbearing generals, Zhixia sent troops from Meizhou to attack Jiangxi. At this time, the national heroes responded to the anti-yuan, and the order was spread to Jianghuai. After winning a great victory in Yidu (now Du Yu, Jiangxi), he moved to Ganzhou. In Yuan Dynasty, Xuanwei of Jiangxi made Hengli launch a counterattack in Xingguo County. Wen Tianxiang was defeated, his wife and children were separated, and the remnants were taken in. He followed his mother back to Liancheng and asked the soldiers for help. Later, he moved to Zhou Xun.

In the summer of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), Wen Tianxiang learned that Duanzong had died, and his younger brother Zhao Min, who succeeded to the throne, moved to Yashan, and was ordered to take care of him less and believe in lord protector. In order to get rid of the predicament, he asked to lead the army to join the Southern Song Dynasty. Due to Zhang Shijie's resolute opposition, Wen Tianxiang had to give up and lead the army back to Chaoyang County. In the winter of the same year, the Yuan Army launched a massive attack, and Wen Tianxiang was attacked by Zhang Hongfan, a general of the Yuan Army, on his way to Haifeng, and was defeated and captured.

Wen Tianxiang attempted suicide by taking poison, and was taken to Yashan by Zhang Hongfan, asking him to write a letter and give birth to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang said, "I can't protect my parents. Can I teach others to betray their parents? " Zhang Hongfan didn't listen, forcing Wen Tianxiang to write again and again. Wen Tianxiang also copied a poem he wrote a few days ago, Crossing Ding Yang, to Zhang Hongfan. Zhang Hongfan read that "life has never died since ancient times, and it needs a heart to shine." Two words, can not help but also moved, no longer forced Wen Tianxiang.

Twenty days after writing Crossing the Zero Ocean, Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with his 8-year-old young emperor Zhao Min on his back, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished. Zhang Hongfan asked Yuan Shizu how to deal with Wen Tianxiang, and Yuan Shizu said, "Who doesn't have a loyal minister?" Zhang Hongfan was ordered to treat Wen Tianxiang with courtesy, send Wen Tianxiang to Dadu (now Beijing), and put him under house arrest, determined to surrender to Wen Tianxiang.

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Little guy, September 26, 2009

1, Wen Tianxiang: A red heart shines in history. 2. Tao Yuanming: Don't bend over for five buckets of rice. 3. Boyi: After Shang Yang's death, Shu Qi lived in seclusion in shouyangshan, determined not to eat Zhou Su. 4. Great musician in the Western Jin Dynasty: Ji Kang, the leader of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", would rather be beheaded in the east of Luoyang than used by Sima Chao. Before the execution, he also played his famous song Guangling San in public. 5. Tao Yuanming (Tao Qian), a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, said: Five buckets of rice can't be bent, and boxing is a matter for villains in the village. 6. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "When we walk out of the sky with a smile, are we Artemisia selengensis people?" "When we are intoxicated in the temple, it will cause Gao Lishi to take off his boots." "If you play games, you will treat your friends like dirt." He held high his personality, declared that "you can't learn cockfighting, sit with a runny nose and play with a rainbow" and sang "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those high officials who will never be seen with an honest face"! 7. Zheng Xie: Banqiao No.1, a scholar in the first year of Qianlong, served as a magistrate in Fanxian County and wei county. Later, because the peasants asked for relief, they offended a rich official, complained and dismissed the official, "throwing away the gauze hat and not being an official", living in seclusion in Yangzhou and adapting to poetry and painting. 8. Lu Xun: "Look at a thousand fingers coldly", frequently waving "spears" at reactionary authorities and all evil forces. His pride in upholding the truth for power, country and people is simply made of stone. 9. Zhu Ziqing: I'd rather starve to death than eat "food from nowhere"-American relief food. 10, Mei Lanfang: Don't act for the Japanese aggressors.

Sophia Holly

Lu xiufu

(1236— 1279) was a famous anti-Yuan minister in the Southern Song Dynasty. Han nationality, the word Junshi, is from Changjianli, Yancheng, Chuzhou (now Jianyang Town, jianhu county, Jiangsu Province). Song Lizong Bao You Jinshi. At first, he served as Li Tingzhi's chief of staff, and later served as assistant minister of does. After the fall of Lin 'an, he went to Fuzhou and became Emperor Zhaoyun with Zhang Shijie. After Zhao Min's death, he embraced Zhao Min and became Prime Minister Zuo, continuing to organize anti-Yuan. In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), the naval battle of Yashan was defeated by the Yuan Army, and Zhao Min committed suicide by throwing himself into the sea. There is a collection of Lu Zhonglie's public legacy.

Li Tingzhi was appointed as the ambassador of Huaidong, and he was appointed as the Senate. In the first year of Deyou in Song Gongdi (1275), the Yuan army descended along the Yangtze River, and the situation in Yangzhou was tense. Most of his family members fled, and Lu Xiufu and others stuck to their posts and did not waver. Li Tingzhi recommended him to the imperial court, but he was transferred to Lin 'an. Deyou two years, served as assistant minister does. After Empress Dowager Song Gongdi surrendered, he and General Su Liuyi retreated to Wenzhou. Soon, together with Chen and Zhang Shijie, he established Wang Zhaoyun as emperor in Fuzhou, rebuilt the Song court, appointed him as a bachelor of Duanmingtang, and signed a book for the Privy Council. Yuan soldiers entered Fujian, and Song Junchen sailed south to Guangdong. The following year, Guangzhou fell to Yuan, Song Ting moved to Jing 'ao (now under Nanda Island in Zhongshan County, Guangdong Province), and Chen fled to Zhancheng (now south-central Vietnam). At the beginning of the third year of Jingyan (1278), Zhao Yun died and the temple was named Duanzong. Lu Xiufu encouraged ministers to re-establish Zhao Min as emperor and move to Yashan (now Nanhai, Xinhui, Guangdong). Lu Xiufu remained as prime minister and was in charge of state affairs with Zhang Shijie. In the second year of Xiangxing (1279, the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty), Zhang Hongfan attacked the cliff mountain in Yuan Dynasty, and Song Jun was defeated. Lu Xiufu said to Zhao Min, "Emperor Deyou was humiliated. Your majesty can't humiliate him any more. " Resolutely carrying Zhao Min jumped into the sea to sacrifice. There is a collection of works handed down from ancient times by Lu Zhonglie.

[Edit this paragraph] Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty at the time of crisis

At the turn of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, when the empresses and ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty bowed to the Yuan Dynasty and swallowed their words to survive, a large number of loyal ministers stood out in the burning land of the southeast coast. They wrote one magnificent poem after another with their lives. Lu Xiufu, who was ordered to face danger, is the representative of this desperate group.

[Edit this paragraph] first appeared; Ambition is hard to stretch.

Lu Xiufu was born in Duanping for three years (1236) and died in Xiangxing for two years (1279). Born in Yancheng, Chuzhou (now Jianhu, Jiangsu), he moved to Jingkou, Jiangnan (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) with his parents at the age of three. He has been very clever since he was a child. He studied in a rural school and was often praised by school teachers: "Xiufu is the only outstanding one among more than 100 Mongolian children." A little longer, I like reading books about patriotism for the people, and my thinking is becoming more and more agile. At the age of seven, I was able to write poetry: 19 was admitted to the Jinshi examination, and I was on the same list as Wen Tianxiang, leaving an epigram: "No one has died in life since ancient times, but I keep my heart in mind." Li Tingzhi, the commander-in-chief in charge of Huainan at that time, was famous for recruiting talents. When he learned that Xiufu was young and promising, he was hired to serve in his shogunate. Huainan was a place where talented people gathered in the world at that time, and was known as the "small court", so Lu Xiufu was like a duck to water here.

Few people can match Lu Xiufu's clever mind, but he is not proud of it. He is quiet and doesn't like publicity. Whenever those officials come to visit and the two sides talk happily, Lu Xiufu is the only one who is silent. Sometimes there is a banquet and wine at home, and Lu Xiufu sits at the table, reserved and solemn. Without saying a word, people think he is eccentric and inaccessible, so few people get along with him. However, Lu Xiufu's shrewdness, steadiness and ability won the appreciation and respect of Li Tingzhi. Even if the official position is promoted, you are not allowed to leave. In this way, Xiufu's position in the imperial court became higher and higher until he was in charge of the appropriate writing.

In the first year of Deyou (1275), the military and horses of the Yuan Dynasty attacked the Southern Song Dynasty on a large scale, and the situation in the Huai and Huai regions became more urgent. Lee's shogunate fell apart and his aides resigned, but Lu Xiufu was fearless in the face of difficulties and regarded Li Tingzhi as dead. Li Tingzhi was deeply moved by his valuable character and thought he was a rare and loyal person. I reluctantly gave up my love and recommended him as a mainstay to the imperial court, the official assistant minister of rites.

At this time, the situation in the Southern Song Dynasty was even worse. At that time, the Yuan Army was led by Lu, a rebel in the Song Dynasty, down the river. The generals along the Yangtze River are all Lu's songs. They hope the wind will fall. For example, Jiangzhou Zhifu Qian and Anqing Zhifu Fan successively entered the city to surrender. Jia Sidao, who had been afraid to go to war, was forced to go to war by himself because of the situation. Although he came to Wuhu, he didn't want to fight, but dreamed of peace. If you can't make peace, you must run away. Jia Sidao sent Sun Huchen to lead more than 70,000 infantry troops to Ding Jiazhou, Xia Gui crossed the river with 2,500 warships, and Jia Sidao personally led the rear troops to camp in Lugang, southwest of Wuhu. When the two sides were at war, Sun Huchen's qualifications and prestige were not enough to convince the public, so the attack on the Yuan Army did not strike back at all, and it soon became chaotic; In ruins. Jia Shidao more panic, Song Jun from beginning to end. Song Jun was killed and drowned when the Yuan army chased him. The water was dyed red with blood, and all military equipment was acquired by the Yuan Army. The fiasco of Dingjiazhou and Lugang made Song Jun's main force suffer heavy losses.

Jia Sidao just started his career, and the DPRK was dominated by his confidants Wang Entropy and Chen. Although Lu Xiufu wrote many times, delivered a declamatory speech, and requested to go to the front to organize anti-Yuan, all of them were rejected. Unfortunately, Lu Xiufu had an empty ambition to serve the country, but he was blocked by traitors and could not display it. In March of this year, Bo Yan led the Yuan Army into Jiankang, threatening Lin 'an. When he heard about Lu Xiufu and other loyal ministers, he couldn't help admiring: "There were such loyal ministers in the Song Dynasty, but I didn't know how to reuse them. If I reuse them, will I still be here? "

After the defeat of the Battle of Lugang, Jia Sidao was dismissed from office and died in Mumian Temple in Zhangzhou, Fujian in September of that year. However, the fate of the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty is now irreversible.

When the Yuan army approached Lin 'an, the Southern Song court immediately fell into extreme chaos. As timid as a mouse, civilian commanders are always in a state of fear, jittery and anticlimactic. Liu, the left prime minister who was afraid of death, took the lead in abandoning his official position and fleeing. Six officials (officials, households, rituals, soldiers, criminals and workers) followed suit and left their hometowns. Privy Council officials in charge of military aircraft and border defense affairs, such as Wen Wo-weng and Nip, were afraid of being branded as chicken out, so they colluded with the supervisory organs and begged the suggestion to shirk the excuse of robbing bullets to dismiss them. However, they were afraid of the court's mercy to retain them, and often fled the capital without waiting for the book to be played. A few days later, there was a wind of "hanging the crown", and the Zhao Dynasty suddenly became "less and less horses and chariots in front of the door". Even when the emperor summoned the minister and ordered him to take over as Prime Minister Zuo, there were only six civil servants present.

Xie Daoqing, the 72-year-old Regent's mother, was guarding Zhao Xian, the five-year-old Song Gongzong. Facing the unstable political situation, she is very worried. Helpless orphans and widows finally came up with countermeasures. In the name of the Xie family, she posted an imperial edict on the court to the effect that: "The Great Song Dynasty has won the world for more than 300 years and has always been kind to the intellectuals. Now I'm in trouble with the young emperor, and all the officials have turned a blind eye. No one has the wisdom to save the country. " The court officials neglected their duties, the state guards abandoned the imperial seal and lost the city, and the prime minister was in poor governance, so the unruly people cooperated with the outside world and plotted to escape at night. You claim to read sage books and understand things on weekdays, but you have made such a contemptuous scandal at a time when this country is in trouble. How can you be alive? After death, what qualifications do you have to meet the first emperor! The national law of the Song Dynasty has not changed, but it still exists. From now on, all civil and military officials who fulfill their duties will be promoted to two levels: if they abandon their officials in the face of difficulties, the censor will investigate and punish them severely. "

Empress Dowager Tai, who used to be cocky and ready to deal with it, came to the country in danger, and when there was nothing she could do, it was inevitable that she would call heaven and earth. Whether she lured officials with high salaries or threatened with torture, it didn't help to tell the ministers who had turned their backs on Germany. The imperial edict, which once made ministers respect each other, has now become an original paper, stuck on the wall of the imperial court and eroded by wind and rain.

The Empress Dowager Tai, who was trapped in internal and external difficulties, was frightened by the threat of force from the Yuan army, which was overwhelmed by Mount Tai. Finally, she agreed with the right-hand Prime Minister Chen to take the road of negotiation and begging for surrender. She first sent Liu Yue and other three people to Bo Yan camp, and offered to call my nephew or grandnephew and accept the humiliating conditions of money, demanding a truce and peace in the Yuan Dynasty. Bo Yan immediately refused. Later, he sent Liu, a military supervisor, to the camp to "serve" and promised to pay 252,000 silver and 250,000 silk horses every year, hoping to exchange this heavy price for the only corner of the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court. Bo Yan refused to give in, but insisted that the Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty personally come forward to demand surrender. When the news came back to Lin 'an, Chen was afraid of being detained by the Yuan Army, sent to Dadu (Beijing) in the north, and fled to Wenzhou overnight, thus breaking the contract in the Southern Song Dynasty. Bo Yan was furious and ordered the Yuan Army to enter Gaoting Mountain, three miles outside Lin 'an, as a warning. Empress Dowager Tai appointed Wen Tianxiang as the right prime minister and special envoy of the Tang Dynasty to make peace with Bo Yan. But Wen Tianxiang was detained by Bo Yan. Empress Dowager Tai is helpless. She used the name of the little emperor Zhao Xian to "pay homage" to Yuan, automatically cut off the name of the emperor, renamed it "Lord of the country", and sent Yang Yingkui, the supervisor of the army, to the camp with the imperial edict of the Song Dynasty to hand over all the remaining rivers and mountains. Declare the complete end of the partial security situation in Jiangnan in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Before the Yuan Army entered Lin 'an, the stormy court of the Southern Song Dynasty hastily appointed Zhao Min, the seven-year-old king of Kyrgyzstan, as the beneficial king and appointed him as the judge of Fuzhou. At the same time, Zhao Min, a four-year-old letter king, was appointed as Wang Guang and ordered to be sentenced to Quanzhou. When Lin 'an was about to fall, the two kings left the capital and, under the escort of Yang Zhen, a captain of Xu, went to Wenzhou via Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang). Bo Yan, who wanted to uproot the Song Dynasty, sent troops to recover it, but failed.

Iron clank, turn the tide.

After the fall of Lin 'an, some civil servants and military commanders in the Southern Song Dynasty who didn't want to submit to humiliation learned that wangyi and Wang Guang had arrived in Wenzhou, and they all went to defect with the feeling of making a comeback. At that time, Lu Xiufu came to Wenzhou. Subsequently, a water army led by Zhang Shijie also set sail. The flight of Chen's fleet happened to be parked at the Youth Olympic Games near Wenzhou. As a result, this group of important officials in the Song Dynasty are now gathered under the authority of two kings. After deliberation, Lu Xiufu, Chen, Zhang and others agreed to rebuild the imperial court and Gankun. Then, in the Jiangxin Temple in Wenzhou, Wang was appointed as the Grand Marshal and Deputy Marshal. At the same time, the publication of obituaries shows that loyal officials and righteous people everywhere are eager to work hard and recover the past. At this time, Empress Dowager Tai, who has been reduced to a prisoner, sent two eunuchs to lead hundreds of soldiers to Wenzhou to prepare for the return of the two kings to Lin 'an to lower the yuan. Lu Xiufu and others refused to return, so they supported the two kings to go to sea and came to Fuzhou.

In the second year of Deyou (1276), on the first day of May, Zhao Yun officially ascended the throne in Fuzhou and changed to Jingyan. At the same time, his brother Zhao Min was named Wang Wei, and his mother Yang was the Empress Dowager. And formed a cabinet headed by Chen, Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu, rallied and rallied. For the Southern Song Dynasty, the establishment of Fuzhou regime is the hope of its revival, but the hope is very slim. In the imperial court, although there were loyal ministers like Lu Xiufu who tried their best to save the situation, there were more immoral and incompetent people like Chen.

At that time, the Fuzhou regime was called "going to the DPRK by sea" and it was just an exiled government. At the beginning of the establishment of this regime, ministers and servants could still work together, but conflicts soon occurred. Yang Liangjie, a consort, pretends to be a national uncle and "holds power in the palm". Zhang Shijie and Chen disagree; Wen Tianxiang was also excluded from the court because of his disagreement with Chen; Su Lieyi was suppressed and depressed; Lu Xiufu is even more ambitious, difficult to stretch, and is squeezed out by Chen everywhere. At first, Chen thought that Lu Xiufu "had been in the army for a long time and knew the military" and attached great importance to him. And Lu Xiufu "also praised carefully, all committed suicide". But soon, Lu Xiufu and Chen disagreed, and Chen instructed Taiwan Province's remonstrator to impeach Lu Xiufu and dismiss him. Zhang Shijie was very dissatisfied when he learned about it. He said to Chen, "What time is it? Do you always fire people? " Chen recalled Lu Xiufu as a last resort. But it can be seen that it is impossible for Zhao Min to exile the imperial court.

1 1 month, the yuan army attacked Fuzhou, Zhang Shijie led170,000 loyalists and 300,000 militiamen escorted the little emperors Zhao Min and Zhao Min into the sea and sailed for Quanzhou. At that time, the most powerful person in Quanzhou was Pu Shougeng, a wealthy Arab businessman. This person lived in China for many years, and also obtained the position of ambassador of the Song Dynasty (responsible for inspecting foreign ships entering and leaving the port, collecting customs duties, purchasing imperial monopoly goods and managing foreign businessmen, etc.). He controls a large number of seagoing ships, monopolizes local maritime trade, bullies the market and makes illegal windfalls. After Duanzong and his party broke down in Quanzhou, Zhang Shijie, eager to expand the imperial power, ordered the seizure of Pu Shougeng's ships and assets, which angered Pu Shougeng, who was plotting to reduce the yuan, and accelerated his anti-Song movement. Because the DPRK was unable to entangle with it, it had to leave Quanzhou and go to Jiazimen, Huizhou (now Haifeng East Haikou, Guangdong) via Chaozhou. In September of the second year of Jingyan (1277), she moved to Repulse Bay (now Nanhai Island, Raoping, Guangdong). Lu Xiufu resumed signing books for the Privy Council, and Empress Yang listened to politics. When talking to his ministers, I still call myself a slave. Every season, when Lu Xiufu attended the court meeting, he was "just like standing up straight, just like ruling the court". Sometimes in court meetings, Xiufu would burst into tears and wipe his tears with his clothes, which made the ministers very sad. However, the Song Dynasty was still dying step by step. Although Wen Tianxiang, Li Fei and others fought extremely hard in the local area, most of them did nothing because of their own weakness.

Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu learned that the "maritime court" in the Southern Song Dynasty was not destroyed, and it still haunts the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong. He immediately ordered the fight against Chu, Hengli and Lu Shifang. To cross Yuling, I am busy with Wutai, Suodu, Pu Shougeng and Liu Shen. , and led the sailors into the sea, take a two-pronged approach to suppress the south. 1 1 month, Liu Shen attacked Repulse Bay. Facing the unfavorable situation, Zhang Shijie went to Jing 'ao (now an island in the South China Sea of Zhongshan, Guangdong) under the escort of Lu Xiufu. Seeing the tense situation, Chen Zhongyi fled and took the city (an ancient country name in today's Vietnam). /kloc-in October/February, a hurricane hit Beijing-Austria, and it rained heavily. The mast broke, the boat capsized and more than half of the soldiers drowned. Although Zhao Yun's dragon boat and ministers' boats survived, they were also in danger, which made young Zhao Yun sick with fear. After the hurricane, Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu were busy leading the troops to clean up the mess. Liu Shen took advantage of the gap to command the navy to chase after him, and the Korean army was forced to move hastily to Xie Nv Gorge outside the Pearl River Estuary.

In March of the third year of Jingyan (1278), after more than 100 days of bumpy trip to the DPRK, she finally found her resting place-Zhou Gang (now an island in the southeast sea off leizhou bay, Guangdong). However, there was another storm on the flat ground. Zhao Yun, who was only ten years old, died suddenly in April and the name of the temple was terminated. In the eyes of some officers and men, this is an ominous sign that the life of the "maritime court" has run out. In order to avoid mutually assured destruction, they demanded to find their own way of survival. At this critical juncture, Lu Xiufu stepped forward with great righteousness and encouraged the people: "Duanzong is dead, but Wang Wei is still here. At that time, Shao Kang had 500 troops and 10 miles of Fiona Fang, which could revive the Xia Dynasty. Can't our civil and military officials rely on hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians to revive the foundation of the Song Dynasty for 300 years? " Inspired by the ZTE spirit advocated by Lu Xiufu, ministers were deeply moved and expressed their determination to revive the Da Song Dynasty. Then, Lu Xiufu discussed with ministers that Wang Wei and Zhao Min should be the emperor and Empress Yang should be in charge. In May, it will be Yuan Xiangxing. Lu Xiufu was in this crisis and was ordered to take over as Prime Minister Zuo. Zhang Shijie saved the day and * * * supported the crisis. In June, in the army, despite my tight schedule, I moved my trip to Guoshan.

[Edit this paragraph] There is nothing to do after the defeat.

In today's Caspian Sea in the south of Xinhui, Guangdong Province, compared with Kistler Mountain, it is like two gates, with turbulent tides around it and difficult navigation. It is a natural fortress that can be adhered to according to risks, so it was selected by the visiting dynasty. After the fleet landed, Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu immediately sent people into the mountains to cut down trees, and built 30 palaces and 3 dry rooms on the island for the monarch and his subjects to live in. The remaining 200,000 infantry continue to live on the ship. In order to meet the expected life-and-death struggle, army craftsmen were asked to build ships and capture weapons.

Just then, Yuan returned to Zhang Hongfan to report to Kublai Khan, and said in his speech: "Zhang Shijie re-established Zhao Min as emperor, and the people of Fujian and Guangxi rose up to respond. If it is not eliminated in time, it will inevitably lead to great disaster. " Kublai Khan was deeply impressed by this, and immediately appointed Zhang Hongfan as the marshal, and gave him the sword above, making him go all out to suppress it. Zhang Hongfan recommended Hengli as the deputy governor, and sent 20,000 sailors and marines to Yangzhou. 10, Zhang Hongfan led sailors to attack Zhangzhou, Chaoshan and Huizhou by sea, and set out from Meiling to attack Guangzhou, trying to narrow and cut off the connection between the coastal land and the "maritime court" in the Southern Song Dynasty.

In the first month of the second year of Xiangxing (1279), Zhang Hongfan led a boat division to attack Mount Li. At this moment, someone entered the palace in Zhang Shijie: "The Yuan Army has blocked Haikou with warships, which puts me in a dilemma. It is better to break through as soon as possible and choose another way to land. Even if you can't win, there is still room for manoeuvre and you can still lead the troops to the west. " Zhang Shijie knew that foot soldiers had lived at sea for a long time, the war was hard and the morale was floating. Once it lands, it will inevitably fall apart, so he replied, "When will our army retreat after fighting at sea for so many years? It is better to take this opportunity to compete with the Yuan Army. " Then resolutely ordered the burning of the palace and military residence on the island, and everyone boarded the ship again. Then, facing the mountains and seas, the dry combat ship is connected into a long snake array with thick ropes, surrounded by cabinets, just like city walls, with Zhao Min's boat in the middle, indicating the survival of soldiers and ships.

The mountains are shallow in the north, and big ships are very easy to hit the rocks. So Zhang Hongfan transferred his shipmaster to the depths of the South China Sea to fight with Zhang Shijie's water army, and cut off the passage of fresh water to North Korea. Zhang Hongfan found that Song Jun warships were assembled and it was inconvenient to cruise, so he used several canoes, filled with ointment and firewood, and set fire to the camp in an attempt to win in one fell swoop. I never thought that Zhang Shijie was ready. He painted mud on the boat in advance, and the well was tied with long wooden strips and extended forward, making it impossible for the Yuan army's fireboat to enter and the fire attack failed. In desperation, Zhang Hongfan sent more sailors to besiege Haikou, which caused Song Jun to eat dry food for more than ten days and quench its thirst with seawater. He was exhausted and fell ill one after another. At this point, Hengli led the troops from Guangzhou to meet Zhang Hongfan in Jianshan, and Zhang Hongfan ordered him to control the sea surface in the north of Jianshan, preparing for a north-south attack.

At the dawn of the sixth day of February, the sky was covered with dark clouds, the wind roared and the tsunami was terrible. The Yuan Army chose such a bad weather to launch a general attack, just to crush the exhausted Song Jun mentally. Before the war, Zhang Hongfan divided the elite of Yuan Army into four roads, all led by himself. When deploying the attack route to the general school, he said: "Song warships are anchored in the west of the mountain, and will inevitably drift eastward after the high tide. Our army should seize this favorable day to launch a storm. Sailors of all walks of life take the handsome boat and drum music as the number, and they can't make mistakes when they hear the wind. People who violate the order are embarrassed! " Subsequently, Hengli led a boat division all the way, taking advantage of the early tide and low tide, the water flowed from north to south, and tentatively attacked the downstream Song Jun to expose the strength of Song Jun. Zhang Shijie led his troops to fight bravely, and the two sides fought constantly. After several contests, the outcome is regardless. At noon, the tide rose and the Song Jun really moved eastward. When Zhang Hongfan saw that the time had come, he ordered the handsome ship to drum; Zhang Shijie didn't know that this was a signal that the Yuan Army was attacking again, and he mistakenly thought that the officers and men of the enemy ships were drinking and having fun in the battle and were unprepared. Unexpectedly, the Yuan army rushed from the north and south sides at the same time in the sound of drums, forcing Song Jun to be caught between Scylla and Charybdis and meet them quickly. Due to years of hard work at sea, Song Jun could not rest, and most of his infantry were exhausted. Suddenly, I was attacked sharply, and my morale was hard to lift. If one link collapses at this time, the whole line of defense will collapse. It was in this decisive battle that affected the fate of the Southern Song Dynasty that unfortunate things finally happened. Under the storm of the Yuan navy, the masthead rope of a warship in the fleet suddenly broke, and in an instant, the flags of several warships also landed one after another. Zhang Shijie saw that the flag had fallen and the tide had gone. He hurriedly mobilized Qin Bing to cut off the ship's cable and prepare to fight our way out lightly, deus ex.

[Edit this paragraph] The negative emperor threw himself into the sea and sacrificed heroically.

Near dusk, the wind and rain are blowing hard and the scenery is difficult to distinguish. Zhang Shijie took advantage of the chaos at sea to let people drive canoes to the young emperor Zhao Min's boat to pick him out of danger, so as to find a safe transfer. Lu Xiufu, who had been observing the situation on the boat, knew that it was too late. He was afraid that the spies would take the opportunity to take credit from the sellers of the Yuan Army, and he was worried that the canoe would be difficult to avoid the ships dotted by the Yuan Army, which led to the capture or death of the emperor at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, so he flatly refused the request of the newcomer. But he also knew that Zhao Min's ship was very heavy, and it was difficult to sail because it was tied to other ships. Lu Xiufu estimated that he could no longer protect Zhao Min, so he decided to die. Dressed in royal robes, he first held a sword and urged his wife to throw herself into the sea. Then he persuaded Zhao Min: "The state affairs have been a complete failure so far, and Your Majesty should die for his country. Never repeat the mistakes of Emperor Deyou. Emperor Deyou was humiliated in most places, and your majesty must not be humiliated by others. " Say that finish, he put the eight-year-old Zhao Min on his back, tied his body tightly with plain white ribbons, and then walked towards the string step by step, taking his young master to the last mile of Wang Yang sea from Lin 'an to Jianshan. ...

Empress Yang was heartbroken when she heard that her son Zhao Min had died, so she jumped into the sea and committed suicide. After that, at least1000000 imperial court ministers and harem wives jumped into the sea and died.

Zhang Shijie didn't see Zhao Min's canoe return for a long time, knowing that he had run away, so he broke through decisively and went all the way under the night. A few days later, many soldiers who had survived gathered around Zhang Shijie's boat and anchored at the foot of Hailing Mountain in Nan 'en (now Yangjiang, Guangdong). Some of them brought Zhang Shijie the bad news that Lu Xiufu and Zhao Min were martyred together. Zhang Shijie was devastated. Then, the hurricane came again. The officers and men on board advised him to go ashore for temporary shelter. Zhang Shijie replied in despair, "It's no use. Or share weal and woe with you! " Then, with heavy steps, he climbed up the rudder building with difficulty, looked down painfully at the sunken ship in Song Jun, burned incense and prayed to God, saying, "I have done my best for the survival of Zhao Jiangshan. A monarch died, and now he is dead, and there is no monarch in DaSong. I didn't die in Jianshan, but I hoped that the Yuan army would retreat, set up another monarch and recover the Song Dynasty. However, the development of state affairs is so disappointing. Is this an act of God? " When Zhang Shijie said this, he suddenly fell into the sea, and the rolling waves accepted a generation of Yingjie ... Lu Xiufu Cemetery.

The Battle of Kameyama ended in Song Jun's complete failure, which marked the final collapse of the government in exile and the final demise of the Song Dynasty, which lasted for 320 years.

After the Lushan War, Zhang Hongfan got carried away, and sent someone to engrave the words "Zhang Hongfan, the general of the town, destroyed the Song Dynasty here" on the stone wall in the north of Lishan Mountain, hoping to make great contributions. However, people from the Central Plains and southerners do the opposite. Although under the high-handed politics of the Yuan Dynasty, people dared to be angry and dare not speak, but Lu Xiufu was always on their minds. Whenever they see or think of Lushan Mountain, they can't help chanting "Lu Xiufu, the prime minister of Zuo Song Dynasty, died here". After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to express the wishes of our predecessors and ourselves, people angrily shoveled out the lettering that praised Zhang Hongfan in those days, and instead engraved the nine Chinese characters "Lu Xiufu, the Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty, died here", in order to forever commemorate this famous minister who suffered misfortune and heroic martyrdom.

Lu Xiufu is a great patriot in the history of our country. At the time of crisis, he struggled and drifted from place to place, trying to turn the tide and safeguard DaSong. However, can the corrupt Southern Song Dynasty be saved by personal strength? He finally repaid his country with his loyalty. Although his efforts failed to restore the Song Dynasty, his patriotic spirit of loyalty to the country was touching.