A brief introduction to Gan Ning in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. .

Gan Ning (? - 222), named Xingba, was a native of Linjiang (Zhongxian County, Chongqing), Bajun, Eastern Han Dynasty. A general of the state of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. He was a powerful young man and read various scholars. When he was about 17 years old, he served as the Prime Minister of Shu County. He had a grudge against Ling Tong for killing his father. In 204 AD, he led eight hundred athletes to follow Liu Biao, but because he lived in Nanyang, he could not be used. In 205 AD, it was entrusted to Huang Zu, who again treated humans and animals as slaves. He returned to Wu in 208 AD and was used by Sun Quan, who made great achievements. After Huang Zu broke the Chu Pass, he attacked Cao Ren and captured Yiling, suppressed Yiyang and resisted Guan Yu, defended Xiling and captured Zhu Guang, attacked Hefei and retreated Zhang Liao, and attacked Cao Ying with hundreds of cavalry. Sun Quan said: "Meng De has Zhang Liao, and Gan Xingba is alone. He is worthy of the enemy." He is both wise and brave, and has outstanding military exploits. Loyalty and wealth. He won the support of the soldiers and the appreciation of the Lord of Wu. He was named the governor of Xiling by Sun Quan and defeated the general Chong (always victorious). He died in the battle of Wu Shu Yiling in the spring and February of 222 AD, and was buried in Ganning Town.

Historical records record it in detail

Gan Ning "had little strength but was good at rangers" ("Three Kingdoms·Wu Shu·Biography of Gan Ning"). But he is not doing his job properly. He often gathers a group of frivolous young people and appoints himself as the leader. They wandered around in groups, carrying bows and arrows, with bird feathers on their heads and bells on their bodies. At that time, when the people heard the bell ringing, they knew that Gan Ning and his gang had arrived. At that time, people called him the "Jinfan Thief".

Gan Ning was well-known in the county as a light knight who killed people and fled in hiding. Every time he came in or out, he was majestic and majestic. On the walking side, there are vehicles and horses, and on the water side, there are canoes. The attendants are clothed in beautiful clothes, and wherever they go, they shine with splendor. When staying, brocade is often used to maintain the boat, and when leaving, it is cut off and discarded to show its wealth and luxury.

If the local officials of the city or those who interacted with him received him ceremoniously, Gan Ning would be in love with him and would go through fire and water for him; if the etiquette was not good, Gan Ning would indulge his men in looting. He steals the other party's property and even steals and harms officials. This situation has lasted for more than twenty years. Later Gan Ning stopped attacking and plundering others. He read some books and studied the theories of various schools of thought. Wanting to make a difference, he led more than 800 people to rely on Liu Biao and stay in Nanyang.

Liu Biao was one of the famous "Eight Heroes" in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was the governor of Jingzhou at that time. But just as Zhuge Liang analyzed in "Longzhong Dui" that Liu Biao could not hold Jingzhou in the end, Gan Ning also discovered that Liu Biao was not good at military affairs. Under the situation of unrest and disputes among the heroes at that time, he would ultimately fail. At this time, he heard that Sun Quan was "recruiting handsome men and famous people in Jiangdong, and Lu Su, Zhuge Jin and others were the first guests" ("Three Kingdoms·Wu Shu·Biography of Lord Wu"), so he decided to go and serve.

About the eighth year of Jian'an (203), Ganning passed through Xiakou (today's Wuhan, Hubei) and was persuaded by Huang Zu, the prefect of Jiangxia, to stay for three years. Huang Zu left Gan Ning behind, but treated him as a "mortal". Huang Zu's subordinate Su Fei recommended Gan Ning several times, but Huang Zu not only refused to appoint him, but instead sent people to seduce Gan Ning's subordinates, causing some of Gan Ning's subordinates to gradually leave. Gan Ning knew that Huang Xuanxuan could no longer stay, and wanted to abandon him, but there was no sure way, so he was alone in sorrow and depression, with nothing to do.

In the twelfth year of Jian'an (207), Sun Quan led his troops to attack Jiangxia westward. Huang Zu was defeated and fled in embarrassment. Gan Ning sent troops to cut off his rear. He was calm and collected, raised his bow and shot hard, killing Sun Quan's captain Ling Cao. Sun Jun did not dare to pursue anymore, and Huang Zu's life was saved. Gan Ning made great achievements, but Huang Zu still didn't take him seriously, so Gan Ning decided to leave.

Su Fei understood Gan Ning’s intentions and invited Gan Ning to have a banquet. While the wine was in full swing, he said to him: "I have recommended you several times, but the Lord refuses to appoint you. As the days and months pass, life changes. How? You should make long-term plans and find a confidant to make it a big deal!" Gan Ning paused for a while and said, "I want to leave too, but I don't have the right opportunity." Su Fei said, "I'll ask the Lord to send you." If you want to be the chief of Zhu (now northwest of Huanggang, Hubei Province), you can decide on your own." Gan Ning was very happy.

So Su Fei proposed to let Gan Ning be the chief of Zhu, and Huang Zu agreed. Gan Ning recruited some of his subordinates who had left, gathered some who were willing to follow him, and took them to defect to Sun Liaoquan.

Due to the recommendation of Zhou Yu and Lu Meng, Sun Quan valued Gan Ning very much and treated him like the old officials. Gan Ning was in a happy mood and immediately offered advice to Sun Quan: "Now that the Han Dynasty is declining, Cao Cao will eventually become a usurper and thief. The land of Nanjing, with its mountains and hills and flowing rivers, is truly the western power of the country. Ning has already observed Liu Biao, It's not too far away. The son is not good enough to carry on the inheritance. The supreme leader should decide it early and don't make any plans later. It is better to take Huang Zu first. They are deceitful, they are busy with profit, they invade the officials, and the officials are resentful. The boats and war equipment are useless, and they are lazy in farming. The army is unable to fight, and it will be destroyed. Defeat the ancestral army, march to the west with drums, and seize the Chu Pass in the west. The general situation will become wider, and we can gradually control Ba and Shu" ("Three Kingdoms·Wu Shu·Gan Ning Biography"). Sun Quan appreciated this opinion very much and strengthened his determination to use troops.

Zhang Zhao was present and disagreed with Gan Ning's opinion. He said: "Wu Xia's industry, if the army is successful, it may lead to chaos." Gan Ning retorted unceremoniously: "The country has given Xiao Hezhi to the emperor, and the emperor is still worried about chaos. Is it because he hopes to admire the ancients?" Sun Quan saw two When someone was arguing, he would raise his glass to Gan Ning and say: "Xingba, I will beg for it this year. I have drank so much, so I will pay it to you. You should encourage me to build strategies, and your orders will defeat your ancestors. Then why do you blame your merits?" What Zhang Changshi said" ("Three Kingdoms·Wu Shu·Gan Ning Biography").

In the spring of the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208 years), Sun Quan ordered Gan Ning to march westward to Jiangxia. As expected, Huang Zu was captured and all his tribesmen were defeated and captured.

After the victory, Sun Quan assigned a force to Gan Ning to command and garrison troops.

When Sun Quan defeated Huang Zu, he made two boxes to hold the heads of Huang Zu and Su Fei. Su Fei asked someone to ask Gan Ning for help. Gan Ning said, "Even if Su Fei didn't say anything, would I, Gan Ning, have forgotten his kindness?" At that time, Sun Quan served wine to celebrate the generals' success. Gan Ning walked down from his seat and kowtowed to Sun Quan, exchanged blood and tears, and told Sun Quan about Su Fei's kindness to him in the past, and explained: "Gan Ning, if I had not met Su Fei, I would have filled the gap long ago, and of course I would not be able to serve you with all my loyalty. Now that Su Fei deserves to be executed, I take the liberty to plead with you to spare his life." Sun Quan was moved and said, "I can let him go, but what if he escapes?" Gan Ning assured, "Su Fei will be spared." If I am beheaded and resurrected by you, even if I drive him away, he will not leave. There is no reason to escape! If he runs away, I will put my head in the box instead of his!" Sun Quan agreed. Ning's request pardoned Su Fei.

In the winter of the same year, Cao Cao entered Jingzhou, and Gan Ning followed Zhou Yu to defeat Cao Cao in Wulin (see the Battle of Chibi) and achieved military exploits. Then, he went to Nanjun to attack Cao Ren, but failed to capture it. Gan Ning suggested that he lead his troops to Yiling (today's Yichang, Hubei Province) on the upper reaches of Jiangling via a small road, so as to attack Cao Ren from the east to the west and force him to retreat north. Zhou Yu ordered him to lead his troops there, and Gan Ning marched day and night. As expected, he captured the city in one fell swoop and defended the city.

Seeing that the situation was not good, Cao Ren immediately sent five to six thousand men to besiege Yiling in an attempt to recapture this strategic location in one fell swoop. At that time, Gan Ning only had a few hundred sergeants under his command, and including the new soldiers who broke into the city, there were only about a thousand soldiers. Cao Jun set up a high platform outside the city. For several days, he shot arrows into the city from above. The arrows were as dense as rain. The soldiers were frightened, but Gan Ning was talking and laughing calmly. Gan Ning sent people out of the city to ask Zhou Yu for help. Zhou Yu adopted Lu Meng's plan and led his generals to relieve the siege of Yiling. Cao Ren's troops lost more than half and fled overnight. On the way, they were intercepted again and more than 300 horses were lost. Gan Ning took advantage of the victory and pursued, preparing to fight Cao's army. Cao Ren did not dare to fight anymore and the entire army retreated to the north.

After the Battle of Chibi, Zhou Yu and Gan Ning urged Sun Quan to take Bashu from the west. Sun Quan hesitated and went to seek Liu Bei's opinion. Liu Bei had long planned to occupy Bashu, so he cleverly dissuaded him. Sun Quan missed a good opportunity, causing Western Shu to fall into the hands of Liu Bei, and regretted it too late.

Later Gan Ning followed Lu Su to guard Yiyang (now in Hunan) to resist Guan Yu. At that time, Guan Yu's army was strong, numbering 30,000, and he selected 5,000 elite soldiers. They gathered in a shoal more than ten miles upstream, claiming that they would make the transition on foot at night. Lu Su summoned the generals to discuss countermeasures. Gan Ning had 300 soldiers at that time, and said: "You can use 500 more to help me, and I will go to confront them. When Baoyu hears my cough, he dare not wade into the water. If you wade into the water, you will be my bird." ("Three Kingdoms·Wu Shu" ·The Biography of Gan Ning"). Lu Su immediately selected a thousand people for him. Gan Ning rushed upstream overnight to set up defenses. When Guan Yu heard about Gan Ning's arrival and saw that Gan Ning was prepared, he gave up his plan to cross the river and bundled firewood on the bank as a military camp. Later generations called this place "Guan Yulai". Sun Quan commended Gan Ning for his contribution and appointed him as the prefect of Xiling, taking over the two counties of Yangxin and Xiazhi.

In the first month of the eighteenth year of Jian'an (213), Cao Cao led 400,000 horses to attack Ruxukou (south of today's Chaoxian County, Anhui) and drink from the Yangtze River. Sun Quan led 70,000 troops to attack, and sent Gan Ning to lead 3,000 people as front commander. Sun Quan secretly ordered Gan Ning to attack Cao's camp at night to weaken his spirit, and gave him special rice wine for this purpose. Gan Ning selected more than a hundred elite soldiers to eat. After eating, Gan Ning poured wine from a silver bowl. He drank two bowls himself first, and then poured the wine for his subordinate governor. The governor knelt on the ground and refused to accept the drink. Gan Ning drew his sword, placed it on his knees, and shouted sternly: "You know the Supreme, who is Gan Ning? Gan Ning is not willing to die, why should you only cherish death?" ("Three Kingdoms·Wu Shu·Biography of Gan Ning")? Seeing Gan Ning's stern look, the governor immediately stood up and saluted, respectfully took the wine glass and drank it. Then he poured wine for the soldiers, each with a silver bowl. At the second watch, Gan Ning led his men, wrapped in armor and carrying coins, to sneak under Cao Cao's camp, pull out the antlers, and rush into Cao Cao's camp. Cao's army was in chaos. Gan Ning took advantage of the chaos and took the lead. He led his troops to fight out of Cao's camp and returned without losing a single soldier. Sun Quan was overjoyed and rewarded him with 1,000 pieces of Gan Ning silk, 100 swords, and 2,000 additional troops. Seeing that it was difficult to win, Cao Cao stayed there for more than a month and then retreated to the north. From then on, Sun Quan valued Gan Ning even more.

In the spring of the 19th year of Jian'an (214), Cao Cao sent Zhu Guang as the prefect of Lujiang, stationed in Wancheng (now Qianshan, Anhui), opened rice fields, produced military aircraft, and secretly sent spies across the river to recruit soldiers. The forces opposed to Sun Quan in Duyang (now Jiangxi) were tempted to try to cooperate with the outside and attack Sun Quan. After Lu Meng learned the information, he suggested to Sun Quan: "The land in Wancheng is fertile. If it is harvested in one season, Cao Cao's power will inevitably increase. If it is harvested for several seasons in a row, it will definitely cause serious trouble. In my opinion, we should get rid of it immediately. "Sun Quan adopted this suggestion and personally conquered Wancheng. Sun Quan asked the generals for advice. Everyone says that to capture a fortified city, you have to build mountains of earth and use attacking tools. Lü Meng stood up against all opinions and said: "It will take a lot of time to build mountains of earth and prepare attacking tools. It will be more difficult to capture the lower courtyard city once the Cao army's reinforcements arrive. The only way is to attack Anhui by force and capture Wancheng in one fell swoop." Lü Meng Gan Ning was recommended to be promoted to city governor.

During the siege, Lü Meng personally beat the drums to cheer. Gan Ning held a rope in his hands, led the local soldiers, climbed up the city, and finally captured Wancheng and captured Zhu Guang. Upon hearing this, Zhang Liao led reinforcements and arrived at Jiashi (north of today's Tongcheng). He heard that Wancheng had been lost, so he had to retreat. After the war, Gan Ning ranked second in merit evaluation, second only to Lu Meng, and was worshiped as General Zhechong.

Gan Ning "Although he is rough and fierce and easy to kill, he is cheerful and strategic. He respects scholars lightly, and can raise healthy children well. The healthy children are also happy to serve their lives" ("Three Kingdoms·Wu Shu·Gan Ning Biography") .

In the twentieth year of Jian'an (215), Gan Ning followed Sun Quan to attack Hefei (see the Battle of Hefei). The war was not going well, and the plague was prevalent in the army, so he had to order the withdrawal. The bulk of the troops have withdrawn from the battle. Only Lu Meng, Jiang Qin, Ling Tong, Gan Ning and more than a thousand soldiers under the chariot followed Sun Quan and were stationed in the north of Xiaoyaojin (now east of Hefei, Anhui).

Cao Cao's general Zhang Liao was on the lookout and took the opportunity to launch an attack with his infantry and cavalry. Chen Wu died in the battle. Sun Quan's generals Gan Ning and Lu Meng resisted with all their strength, and his general Ling led his guards to fight to the death. During the battle, Gan Ning drew his bow and shot at the enemy, and asked sternly why the war drums were not sounding. He was determined and brave. Sun Quan witnessed all this and his respect for Gan Ning increased. Under the heroic resistance of Gan Ning and others, Cao Jun's attack slowed down. Ling Tong led three hundred troops to protect Sun Quan and break out of the siege. Sun Quan fled to Xiaoyaojin. At that time, the river bridge was half demolished and there was no board for more than ten feet. Sun Quan's horse galloped past. General He Qi led 3,000 men to support him in the south of Xiaoyao Jin, and Sun Quan was lucky enough to escape. After the battle, except for Ling Tong, none of the three hundred soldiers survived.

Ling Tong was the son of Ling Cao, and Ling Cao was shot to death by Gan Ning when he attacked Huang Zu. Ling and Gan had deep conflicts because of their father's murder. Gan Ning was also wary of Ling Tong and tried to avoid meeting him. Sun Quan ordered Ling Tong not to enmity with Gan Ning.

Once, Gan Ning and Ling Tong were drinking at Lü Meng’s place. The wine was so hot that Ling Tong stood up to dance with his sword. Gan Ning also stood up and said, "I can dance with two halberds!" Lü Meng saw that the two of them were fighting. He stood in the middle and said, "Although Gan Ning can dance, he is still not as good as me." So he used his sword and shield to separate the two. Later, Sun Quan knew that Ling Tong could not forget his father's hatred, so he asked Gan Ning to lead his troops to Banzhou. But at this critical moment when the enemy is facing a great enemy, it is commendable that the two of them can put aside their personal grudges and unite to fight against the enemy.

Gan Ning has a rough temperament and is easy to kill. The child in the kitchen made a mistake. He fled to Lü Meng. Lü Meng was afraid that Gan Ning would kill him, so he hid him and did not send him back immediately. Later, Gan Ning came to visit Lü Meng's mother with gifts. When he was about to go to the hall to see his mother, Lü Meng called the boy to return it to Gan Ning. Gan Ning promised not to kill him. However, after a while, when he returned to the boat, Gan Ning tied the child to a mulberry tree and shot him to death with his own bow. Then, he ordered the people on the ship to strengthen the ship's cables, took off his clothes and lay down in the ship. Lü Meng was furious, sounded drums and gathered his troops, preparing to board the ship to attack Gan Ning. When Gan Ning heard the noise, he deliberately lay down and refused to get up. Lü Meng's mother ran barefoot to dissuade Lü Meng: "The Supreme Being treats you like flesh and blood, and important matters belong to you. Why would you want to attack and kill Gan Ning out of personal anger? I would rather die. Even if the Supreme Being does not ask, you are doing something illegal for me." ." Lu Meng was usually very filial, but after hearing his mother's words, he understood. He personally came to Gan Ning's boat and greeted him with a smile: "Xingba, my mother is waiting for you to eat, hurry up!" Gan Ning was ashamed, shed tears and choked Lu Meng and said: "I have failed you" ("Three Kingdoms·Wu Shu· "The Biography of Gan Ning"). So, he went to see Lü Meng's mother and had a feast with Lü Meng all day long.

When Gan Ning died, Sun Quan deeply regretted it.

Gan Ning had an impetuous temperament and was easily agitated. When angry, he would often beat or even kill people, and sometimes he would not fully obey Sun Quan's orders. But he is brave and resolute, forthright and cheerful, resourceful, values ??talents, cares about his subordinates, and his soldiers are willing to obey orders. Sun Quan was good at using people. He "didn't seek to prepare for one person" and was able to "forget his shortcomings and make use of his strengths." Under Sun Quan, Gan Ning developed his strengths and strengths and became a famous "fighting general" during the Three Kingdoms era.

Three Kingdoms records

Gan Ning was named Xingba and was a native of Linjiang, Ba County. A man with little strength but a good knight-errant recruits frivolous young men and makes them his commanders. They gather together and follow him, armed with bows and crossbows, carrying spears and bells. When the people hear the sound of the bells, they know that they are peaceful. When he meets someone, he is a city official, and if he receives a warm reception, he has sex with him. If he fails to do so, he will release his generals and seize his goods, and he will be harmed by thieves in the official circles, and he will be blamed for more than twenty years. . When Zhi failed to attack the robbery, he read many scholars and went to rely on Liu Biao. Because he lived in Nanyang and saw no use for it, he later transferred it to Huang Zu, who also treated him as a mortal.

So he returned to Wu. Zhou Yu and Lu Meng were both recommended by the emperor, and Sun Quan added differences and was the same as the old ministers. Ning Chen Ji said: "Now that the Han Dynasty is declining, Cao Cao is in trouble, and he will eventually usurp and steal. The land of Nanjing. The mountains and hills are convenient, and the rivers and rivers flow. It is the western power of the country. Ning has looked at Liu Biao, and he is not far away. The son is inferior and cannot inherit the inheritance. The supreme leader should decide it early and not make any plans later. It is better to take Huang Zu first. The ancestor is old, very old, and has no money and grain. He is being deceived. He was busy with goods and profits, and invaded the officials. The officials were resentful, and the boats and war equipment were abandoned and neglected to farm. Go west and seize the Chu Pass in the west. The situation will become wider and wider, and you can gradually control Bashu. "The power is deep and accepted." Zhang Zhaoshi was sitting, and Nan said: "Wu Xia is doing business. If the army is successful, it may lead to chaos." Ning said to Zhao, "The country has given Xiao He the responsibility of entrusting the king. The king is still guarding and worrying about chaos. Is it because he hopes to admire the ancients?" Chou Ning held up the wine and said: "Xingba, we are going to fight this year. I have drank so much, so I will pay it to you. You should encourage me to build a strategy, and your orders will defeat your ancestors. Then your achievements will not be dissatisfied with Zhang Changshi's words." Quan then went to the west, and the fruit and bird ancestors captured all his scholars. Then he was assigned to Ningbing and stationed at Dangkou.

Later, Zhou Yu refused to attack Duke Cao in Wulin. Attacking Cao Ren in Nanjun, but before taking out, Ning Jian planned to advance directly to Yiling and capture the city immediately, so he could enter and defend it. At that time, he had hundreds of soldiers, and with the new acquisitions, he only had a thousand soldiers. Cao Ren ordered five to six thousand people to surround Ning.

Ning is tired of being attacked for days, the enemy builds high buildings, rain falls on the city, and all the soldiers are afraid, but Ning talks and laughs calmly. He sent an envoy to report to Yu, and Yu used Lu Meng's plan to lead the generals to rescue the siege. Later, Lu Su followed Yiyang and rejected Guan Yu. There are 30,000 people in Yuhao, and 5,000 elite soldiers of their own choice. They go to the upper stream of the county for more than ten miles to Qianse, and Yun Yu wades across it at night. Su discussed with the generals. Ningshi had 300 soldiers, so he said: "You can use 500 more to help me. I will go to fight against them. Baoyu will hear my cough and dare not wade into the water. Wading in the water will be my bird." Su then selected a thousand soldiers. Yining, Ning is going at night. When Yu heard about it, he couldn't live across the river and built a firewood camp. Now he named this place Guan Yulai. Quan Jianinggong worshiped the governor of Xiling and led Yangxin and Xiazhi counties.

Later he attacked Anhui and was promoted to city governor. Ning holds his hands and practices, and is close to the city. He is the leader of the officials and soldiers, and his soldiers defeat Zhu Guang. In terms of merit, Lü Meng was the best. Ning takes second place and pays homage to General Chong.

Later Cao Gong went out to Ruxu, Ning became the governor of the front department, and was ordered to go out to kill the enemy's front camp. Quan Te gave rice, wine and food, while Ning Nai Material gave food to more than a hundred of his men. After eating, I would rather drink wine from a silver bowl first, drink two bowls myself, and then drink with the governor. The commander was lying down and refused to hold on. Ning Yin put the white slices on his knees and said to him: "You see and know the Supreme, and you are familiar with Gan Ning? Gan Ning is not willing to die, why do you only cherish death?" When the governor saw Ning's serious look, he stood up to worship and hold the wine. , Tongzuo soldiers each have a silver bowl. At the second watch, he went out to kill the enemy. The enemy was alarmed and retreated. Ning Yiguichou added 2,000 troops.

Once upon a time, Ning’s servant turned to Lü Meng. Meng was afraid that he would rather kill him, so he did not return immediately. Later, Ning paid homage to his mother, and when he was about to be promoted to the hall, he went out to cook and serve his son to return Ning. I would rather Xu Meng not kill him. He must return the boat, tie up a mulberry tree, draw his bow and shoot it. After that, he ordered the boatmen to add more ropes, take off their clothes and lie down in the boat. Meng was furious, beating drums to gather troops, and wanted to take the ship to attack Ning. I would rather hear it than lie down. Meng's mother went out to admonish Meng and said: "The Supreme Lord treats you as if he were flesh and blood, and important matters belong to you. Why would you want to attack and kill Gan Ning out of personal anger? If you would rather die, even if the Supreme Lord does not ask, you are doing the wrong thing for me." Meng Su was extremely filial. When he heard his mother's words, he suddenly understood. He came to Ning's boat and shouted with a smile: "Xingba, my mother is waiting for you to eat, hurry up!" Ning burst into tears and said: "I'm sorry for you." Together with Meng. I saw my mother again and had a great feast.

Want to die, Quan deplores it. Zi Zhen moved to Kuaiji because of his crime, but he died without much success.

Folklore

Gan Ning Xueyi

On the left side of Qinglong Waterfall surrounded by mountains, there is a Dapingba with a radius of several miles. The land is fertile, and there are hundreds of households living here. The men farm and the women weave. They have no worries about food and clothing. It is very enviable. They are often robbed by bandits, oppressed by the rich, and violently expropriated by the government, making it difficult for the villagers to survive.

Once upon a time, there was a newlywed couple here. The man was Gan Tian and the woman was Zhi Niang. They were diligent and frugal and lived a very sweet life. Soon, he gave birth to a son, named "Gan Ning". When he was twelve or three years old, he had read the Four Books and Five Classics, and the villagers in the surrounding area praised him for his intelligence.

As everyone knows, the good times did not last long. Just like the other villagers, Gan Tian and his wife sneaked into their house one night. During the fight with Gan Tian, ??they were outnumbered and killed. Their food and supplies were robbed. Gan Ning and his mother and son also died. He was tied up by Wu Hua Da, but thanks to the neighbors who came to rescue him, Gan Tian was buried. After the mother and son bid farewell to the villagers in tears, the young Gan Ning said to his mother: "It is difficult for the poor to survive in this world. I plan to find a master to learn martial arts, get rid of the evil spirits for my father and fellow villagers, and avenge my father." Zhi Niang heard this. Then he said: "That's good, but you are still young and don't have real skills. You can't fight hard!". That night, Zhi Niang cut off a lock of her long hair, mixed it with green flax and beat it into a pair of straw sandals. She boiled more than a dozen eggs and wrapped them for her son. Early the next morning, Zhi Niang sent her son on his way. Carrying his ancestral bow and arrows and holding a hunting dog in his hand, Gan Ning bid farewell to Zhi Niang and walked straight into the mountains. He turned one bend after another, climbed one mountain after another, climbed steep walls, and climbed over cliffs. He came to Yunfeng Temple with great energy. He saw that the mountains were covered with clouds and mist, and there was no way to go. Gan Ning was worried when an old woman came towards him. The old woman asked, "My child, where are you going with such a big cloud and mist?" Gan Ning said, "Mother-in-law, I went up the mountain to learn from an immortal master." The old woman said: "It's hard to find an immortal master. I advise you to go back as soon as possible!" Gan Ning said firmly: "No matter how difficult or painful it is, I will definitely ask you to learn skills!" After explaining it in detail, the old woman was moved and pointed towards the top of the mountain and said, "Go ahead. There is a small temple not far ahead. There is an old Taoist in the temple who is very skilled in martial arts. Please ask him to teach you!" After that, The old woman is gone. Gan Ning was wondering when suddenly the clouds cleared and a small temple appeared in front of him. He quickened his pace and went straight to the small temple.

When I entered the temple, I saw an old Taoist and a young disciple hammering a bow and arrow on a red stove. The newly made bow and arrow were still red, so they held the Taoist priest in their hands, opening the bow and setting the arrow. , aimed at three big sticks of incense, and fired three arrows in a row with "swish, swish, swish", without leaning to any side, the arrows came out and the incense went out. Gan Ning was stunned and immediately knelt down in front of the old Taoist: "I hope Master will accept the disciple's bowing ceremony!" The old Taoist hurriedly stepped forward to help Gan Ning up and asked, "Are you Gan Tian's son?" "That's right." After Gan Ning reported his future intentions to his master, the old Taoist nodded in agreement and said, "I already know that you want to learn skills to eliminate harm for the people." After saying that, he immediately ordered Xiaodao to put away his arrows and went into the house to bring out food to entertain Gan Ning.

From then on, Gan Ning studied hard with his master. Under the careful teaching of the old Taoist, after ninety-nine and eighty-one days of hard training, Gan Ning made rapid progress. Excellent skills in thirty-six sets of boxing techniques.

The old Taoist said to Gan Ning with great satisfaction: "Okay, let's go and get rid of the harm to the villagers!"

Gan Ning said goodbye to his master and drove back on a starry night. When he got home, it was already the rooster's dawn time. Zhi Niang was very happy to see her son coming back with a quiver on his back, so powerful that she quickly lit a fire to cook. After Gan Ning reported the experience of finding a teacher and learning the art to his mother, he recruited his classmates and friends to recruit 30 or 40 aspiring young people to practice together for nearly two months. The first was to fight against bandits and achieve a gratifying record of victory; the second was to fight against the rich and help the poor, kill the "local snakes" who oppressed the people in Bashang, open the bullies' granaries and distribute them to the villagers; the third was to repel the intrusions of officers and soldiers many times. , was called the "Jinfan Thief" by the Wanzhou officials, and no longer dared to levy excessive grain taxes. This has enabled local people to live a peaceful life.

After that, Gan Ning was determined to serve his country, so he took his troops to join Shu army generals Huang Zu and Liu Biao, but they were both regarded as "thieves" by the government. Gan Ning was so angry that he defected to neighboring Soochow. During the battle with Wei, he led a hundred cavalry to attack Cao Ying at night and won a great victory. He was promoted to a general guarding the border of Soochow, guarding Yiyang and Xiling many times. He repelled the invasion of famous Shu generals such as Huang Zu and Liu Biao, and became a famous handsome general in Soochow.

Later, in order to commemorate Gan Ning's achievements in eradicating violence and calming the people, people named the place where he was born "Ganning Dam" and "Ganning Township". The reservoir here is also called "Ganning Reservoir" ”, which has been followed to this day. His tomb is now in Fuchi Town, Yangxin, Hubei Province.

Gan Ning's Tomb

During the Three Kingdoms period, Gan Ning, the general of the Eastern Wu Dynasty, was unfortunately shot and killed by an arrow while guarding the border of Yiling. The people in his hometown defied the government ban and built a tomb in memory of Gan Ning. Although the civilians and officials were destroyed, this tomb still contains a touching story of a battle of wits and officialdom!

According to legend, the bad news that General Soochow was killed by an arrow spread. When the people in his hometown were spontaneously building a large tomb for Gan Ning, the governor of Wanzhou, the state of Shu, learned of the news and sent a government official. Ban came to dig the grave and destroy the corpse, destroying the big tomb.

The local people were very angry at the inhumane practices of the government, so they secretly discussed how to deal with the state officials. One night, the craftsmen gathered around Sister Gan Ning to discuss, each showed their skills, and came up with a clever plan to build a fake tomb to deal with the government. Carpenters made coffins, painters painted coffins, tailors made clothes, shoemakers made old shoes, coppersmiths made copper heads, blacksmiths made iron arrows, bamboo craftsmen made wreaths, stonemasons made stone strips... The whole dam people acted together, from Ganning's hometown to the post road On both sides, tombs were built for Gan Ning. From the first watch of the day to the gong sounding at the fifth watch, seven or forty-nine fake tombs were built in one night, plus one real tomb, no more, no less, exactly five. Ten large tombs.

The next day, when the state official brought a group of officers to dig Gan Ning’s last grave, he saw that there were so many graves of Gan Ning, so he ordered the officers to dig one after another. From morning to night, they dug out all the forty-nine earthen tombs. Strangely enough, when they were about to dig the last one again the next day, the forty-nine tombs that were dug up the day before were closed again, and the earthen tombs were covered with dirt. The tomb became a stone tomb. The cunning state official thought to himself: It must be the common people who are causing trouble. On this day, they sent people to drive away the local people viciously, came to command and supervise the formation in person, and dug up all the forty-nine stone graves. When it was getting dark, there was sudden thunder and lightning in the sky, and heavy rain poured down. The remaining one was nowhere to be found. He had no choice but to return to the state capital with his servants, preparing to come back tomorrow.

The people in Bashang were anxious. Gan Ning's uncle came to tell everyone: "The goddess of Wushan said to me in my dream last night, 'If you want General Gan Ning to be safe, plant silk grass on his grave.' We It's better to do this..." So everyone took action again and built the tombs. They found silk grass and planted them on the tops of seven or forty-nine graves. The blacksmiths also made many iron thin swords overnight and inserted them into each grave. Among the bushes of the grave.

The next day, Wanzhou Prefecture officials brought their servants and dug up the graves again. They found that the forty-nine stone graves had been closed again, and the graves were covered with green silk hair like swords. After taking a closer look, they realized that they were clumps of green silk grass. Even when the officers went to the grave to pull out clumps of silk grass, they were happy when they heard every officer say "ouch" in surprise. He screamed, and when he looked back, all his fingers were cut and bleeding.

The state official asked in surprise: "What, what did you encounter?"

"Silk-haired sword..." The officers all responded in pain.

The state official said: "I don't believe it. How could this soft silk grass turn into a sharp sword?" When he stretched out his hand to pull it out, the pull was not tight, and all five fingers were broken. The blood was dripping, "Ouch, ouch..." He was so painful that he called out his father and mother. He hurriedly ran back to his house and never dared to dig Gan Ning's grave again.

The King of Shu was very dissatisfied with the Wanzhou officials and went on a killing spree. He replaced the Wanzhou officials one term after another, which became a major concern for the government. He first killed all the nine tribes of the Gan family and used fire. After burning the grave grass, they then used explosives to blow up the grave, finally destroying it.

In order to never forget Gan Ning’s achievements in eradicating violence and calming the people, the people in his hometown hid the stele, stone strips and other objects of Gan Ning’s tomb in their own homes, and built an earthen tomb with the government behind them. They changed dynasties many times. , this tomb has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. As long as the government does not investigate it, people will use the preserved stone tablets and stone strips to make a tomb. It has been repaired and destroyed several times, and it has been passed down from generation to generation to this day. Now the people's government will represent the wishes of the people and rebuild this tomb so that the people can remember General Gan Ning.

Poetry of Gan Ning

Gan Xingba of Wu County, a boat with a brocade mantle on the Yangtze River,

Reward the king and respect his confidant, avenge his friends and turn them into enemies.

The generals who rob the stronghold will ride lightly, and drive the soldiers to drink from the giant pot.

The divine crow can show the saint, and the incense will last forever.

Part 2

The sound of drums and drums shook the ground, and Master Wu was mourned by ghosts and gods everywhere!

Bailing goes straight through Cao's village, showing that Gan Ning is a tiger general.