In history, Napoleon, the French Empire, Hitler and Nazi Germany waged wars against Russia and Soviet Russia respectively, but they were all defeated. Why?

1 Russia has a vast territory.

Strategically speaking, the combat effectiveness of the troops is inversely proportional to the square of the departure distance. After going deep into the enemy country, if the occupied area cannot be effectively digested, the long supply line is simply the best goal, and the limited combat troops can only maintain the safety of the traffic line at most.

Russia's vast territory is an extreme. According to the memoirs of many German soldiers, after entering Russia, you have to move on. You can only see the same scenery, and all the battles can only be carried out along the traffic line. It is also necessary to deploy a large number of troops in the rear to deal with guerrillas and maintain communication lines. Due to the narrow track of Russian railway, which is different from that of Western Europe, there was a serious shortage of train wagons after the war began.

As for the transportation capacity in Napoleon's time, it was a complete tragedy. Because of Cossack's harassment, the French army at the front went bankrupt directly.

2 climate

Russia's climate is extreme, and its European part belongs to temperate and sub-frigid continental climate. Winter is long, dry and cold, summer is short and warm, and spring and autumn are fleeting.

In addition to the impressive average temperature of MINUS 20 degrees, and occasionally MINUS 30-40 degrees in winter, I will focus on wonderful spring and autumn.

In spring, the snow will melt and the land will become muddy. In autumn, it is the rainy season. At that time, the tank was the only field equipment that could be started, dragging three cars slowly. Soldiers should get used to waist-high mud, and mules and horses who pull guns will die if they can't stand it.

Up to now, it is estimated that many people have seen the road conditions from garbage to explosion in Russia, and the huge ship of field troops is, well, dedicated to garbage roads.

In summer, besides mosquitoes, it's not bad to get into trouble in the swamp occasionally.

It is extremely unreliable in any way.

3 Military temperament

With a vast territory and harsh climate, Mongolians, Turks, Poles and Swedes have all lived in this land, and finally there is only a big empire left. The fighting temperament of Russians can be imagined.

In the two wars, Russians with large population advantages showed the spirit of courage and fearlessness.

During the Napoleonic period, the Russian army was mainly composed of serfs and Cossacks. They may all be illiterate, but their biggest feature is that they are devout Orthodox Christians, and they are not afraid of death in battle (think of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards who joined hands in the Iran-Iraq War).

During World War II, although the training level of soldiers was not high, as a socialist country, the Russian army showed a strong fighting spirit after recovering lost territory. Brave and good at fighting troops are called guards, and the impact of artillery+tank sea+sea of people is impressive.