Brief introduction of Luzhou, Sichuan. (high score)

Luzhou is a municipality directly under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Province, located at the junction of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces in the southeast of Sichuan Province. The geographical coordinates are 27 39 ′-29 20 ′ north latitude, east longitude105 08 ′ 41″-106 28 ′, east-west width 1.64km, and north-south length 65438+. With a population of 4.8 million, it is 267 kilometers away from the provincial capital Chengdu. It borders Chongqing and Guizhou in the east, Guizhou and Yunnan in the south, Yibin and Zigong in the west and Chongqing and Neijiang in the north. It has jurisdiction over Jiangyang District, Longmatan District, Naxi District, Lu Xian County, Hejiang County, xuyong county County and Gulin County. Located in the transition zone between the southern margin of Sichuan Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the terrain is low in the north and high in the south. There are river valleys, middle and low mountains and flat dams in the north, which is a land of plenty. The south is connected with Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, belonging to the northern foot of Dalou Mountain, with low mountains, deep rivers and steep valleys, and rich forest and mineral resources. 240-520 meters above sea level. ? The nine-story rock in Hejiang County is 203 meters above sea level, which is the lowest point. Xuyong county Luohanlin Yangziwan Liangzi main peak elevation1902m, the highest point.

The climate is mild and the four seasons are distinct. The northern part belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate; The climate in southern mountainous areas can be divided into middle subtropical zone, north subtropical zone, south temperate zone and north temperate zone, which has the characteristics of three-dimensional climate in mountainous areas. Annual average temperature17.1℃-18.5℃, annual average rainfall 748.4- 1 184.2mm, sunshine1200-14000. The land is fertile and rich in products. It has the Jiangnan characteristics of spring, Xia Yan, autumn fruit and winter show. ?

The Yangtze River traverses the territory from west to east, and the Tuojiang River, Yongning River, Chishui River, Laixi River and Longxi River are interwoven into a network. China's Yangtze waterway is1.33km, with an inflow of 242.08 billion cubic meters and an outflow of 269 1 100 million cubic meters. In recent 30 years, the highest flood level of the Yangtze River is 18.86 meters.

climate

1. Climate characteristics and their causes in Luzhou, and the influence of climate on economic development.

The general climate characteristics are: the whole city belongs to subtropical humid climate zone, and the three-dimensional climate in the southern mountainous area is obvious. High temperature, abundant sunshine, abundant rainfall, four distinct seasons, long frost-free period, warm light and water in the same season, obvious monsoon climate, warm spring and autumn, hot summer and not too cold winter.

The main reasons are:

Topographic influence: Different microclimate zones have been formed in the whole city due to the blocking effect of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinba Mountain Area and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The influence of atmospheric circulation: it is mainly influenced by the alternating activities of dry and cold monsoon in the northern mainland and warm and wet monsoon in the southern ocean. The winter half year is mainly controlled by the continental dry and cold air mass from northwest Russia, Mongolia to southeast Xinjiang. The summer half year is mainly controlled by the western Pacific subtropical high and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau high.

The influence of climate on economic development;

In winter and spring, affected by the dry and cold air mass with high in the north and low in the south, there is little rain in winter and spring, followed by drought in winter and spring. Spring sowing period is often affected by the invasion of cold air from the north to the south, resulting in cold wave or low temperature and rainy weather, which leads to rotten seeds and seedlings and affects the timely transplanting of rice.

Early summer: When the high pressure activity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is frequent, it is often sunny and rainy, resulting in summer drought, which is not good for the growth of planted rice.

Midsummer: The western Pacific high extends westward and northward, and the whole city is controlled by the western part of the western Pacific high ridge, resulting in drought and high temperature in summer and great losses to agricultural production. When the subtropical high retreats from east to south, our city is prone to severe weather such as rainstorm, flood and strong wind.

Autumn: Cold air from the north begins to invade the south. Under the control of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, cold and warm air masses meet over southern Sichuan, resulting in low temperature and rainy weather, which is not conducive to autumn harvest and autumn planting, and is also not conducive to the accumulation of organic matter in autumn harvest crops, affecting yield and quality.

In winter and spring, when strong cold air affects our city, the weather is cold and the number of tourists drops sharply. When the subtropical high in midsummer controlled our city, the weather was sultry and the number of tourists was relatively reduced.

Second, the characteristics of average temperature and temperature difference

The annual average temperature 17.5- 18.0℃, the interannual variation 16.8- 18.6℃, and the annual temperature difference 1.8℃ are the highest in Leng Yue (1 month).

The annual average temperature is about 7℃, the average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 27.5℃, and that in annual range (the difference between the average temperature in the hottest month and that in Leng Yue).

It is about 20.5℃, and the extreme maximum temperature can reach 40℃.

The extreme minimum temperature can reach about-65438 0℃. The temperature change is the smallest in July and August, and in winter (1February-February).

The temperature has not changed much. The temperature rises sharply in spring and drops rapidly in autumn.

Daily range (the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in a day) The annual daily range is about 6℃, the largest month is August, and the average daily range is above 8℃.

The minimum monthly average daily range of 65438+February is about 4℃.

Three, sunshine hours, average accumulated temperature

Table 1 sunshine hours in each county

County (district) name Naxi, Jiangyang District? Lu Xian county? Hejiang Gu Lin Xuyong

The sunshine hours are1289.81210.71434.21348.9131./kloc.

? Table 2? Average accumulated temperature in each county (≥ 10℃ accumulated temperature)

Is the county (district) Lu Xian County or Jiangyang District? Naxi? Hejiang? Gu Lin? Xu Yong?

The average accumulated temperature is 5789.4 5783.3 5616.8 5898 438+05627.4 5750.3℃

Four. rain

Table 3 Average Rainfall of Counties

Is the county (district) Lu Xian County or Jiangyang District? Naxi Hejiang? Gu Lin? Xuyong

The average decrease is1142.317.81182.0184.2 748.4/kloc-0.

Rainfall (mm)

Table four? Maximum rainfall

Name of county (district) Lu Xian Jiangyang District Naxi Hejiang Gu Lin Xuyong?

The biggest drop is1455.81464.51437.71529.01247.21499.0.

Rainfall (mm)

Table 5? Minimum rainfall

County (District) Name: Naxi Hejiang, Lu Xian County, Jiangyang District? Gu Lin Xuyong

At least 778.0 664.2 789.4 867.3 554.5 947.0.

Rainfall (mm)

Table 6 Seasonal Distribution of Rainfall

? Time spring? Summer and fall

Rainfall (mm)? (March-May) (June-August) (September-165438+1October)

236.4? 535.0 282.6?

Annual percentage (%) 20.7 46.8 24.7

? Winter time? Winter half a year? summer half year

Rainfall (mm) (65438+February-February) (11-April) (5-65438+1October)?

88.4 238. 1? 904.2

Annual percentage (%) 7.7 20.8 79.2

Five, frost period, snowfall period

Luzhou City has a frost-free period of more than 300 days, with little snowfall, and some years are frost-free and snow-free, which is suitable for a long growing period of crops.

Six, monsoon, wind direction, wind power

Luzhou belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, and the instantaneous wind speed is ≥ 17m/s, which is called disastrous gale. The probability of gale in February is small, and it is mostly cold wave gale in spring and autumn, with northerly wind direction, strong wind force, long duration and wide range, and thunderstorm gale in summer, which is caused by this thunderstorm.

Seven, the main meteorological disasters and their impact on economic development.

According to the analysis of (6 1-96) meteorological data, the biggest threat to agricultural production in Luzhou city is high temperature and drought in July and August, sunny and drought in May and June, followed by low temperature and rainy weather in March, May and September, floods, hail and strong winds. They occur frequently, with a wide range of harm and serious consequences. In recent years, their intensity has changed greatly, which is the main meteorological disaster in Luzhou City and the main factor restricting the agricultural development in Luzhou City.

June 5438+0 and April-May are seasons alternating, and cold and warm air alternately affects Luzhou City. There are many strong convective weather, which is prone to strong winds and hail, with a frequency of 42%. At this time, the crops in Xiao Chun are being grouted, matured and harvested. Therefore, strong winds and hail are the most harmful to Xiaochun agricultural crops. For example, 1989' s Luzhou "4.20" and 1993' s Lu Xian "4.24" are still fresh in everyone's memory, which not only caused great losses to agriculture, but also threatened people's lives and property.

February, May-June is the time when summer drought occurs (except Xuyong), and the frequency of summer drought is over 30%, with Gu Lin reaching as high as 59%. At this time, rice seedlings will wither and die soon after planting, and the summer drought of 1969 will last for more than 60 days, which will seriously affect the production of Da Chun.

From March to August, the frequency of summer drought exceeded 42%, and Hejiang was as high as 7 1%, which was the most harmful to crops in Da Chun, resulting in reduced production or no harvest. 197 1 The annual summer drought lasted for more than 46 days.

4. Low temperature and rainy weather is the internal injury of agricultural production, which is the most harmful to agricultural production, especially for early rice, ratooning rice and late rice. The frequency of low temperature and rainy weather in May was 47.5%, and Hejiang was as high as 66.7%. The frequency of occurrence in September was 65.5%. 1September, 1994, low temperature and rainy weather occurred, resulting in a large area of yield reduction of ratooning rice and late rice.

5. Heavy rain mainly occurs from June to August, with the frequency exceeding 56%, causing floods, landslides and mudslides, washing away crops and farmland, and bringing huge losses to economic construction. 1On July 2, 968, the rainfall in most parts of the city reached 170mm, of which the urban area reached 239.0 mm

ecological environment

Luzhou City is located in the southern margin of Sichuan Basin, with abundant sunshine, abundant rainfall, warm and humid, four distinct seasons, and a quasi-South Asian tropical climate. It is precisely because of this unique climate resources, coupled with fertile land and fertile soil that Luzhou City has been prosperous for six years, with abundant crops and beautiful scenery. Known as "the land of fish and rice in southern Sichuan", it is a unique treasure in Sichuan.

There are more than 70 rivers in the jurisdiction, surrounded by red and green mountains. More than 400 large and small reservoirs, like bright pearls, are embedded in this land of 12242 square kilometers. There are many kinds of aquatic creatures living in the waters, among which there are many rare fish.

The topography of the city is high in the south and low in the north, with flat dams, shallow hills, deep hills and mountains alternating. There are abundant bamboo and wood resources on the mountain, well-preserved virgin forests at the same latitude on the earth, and a variety of precious tree species and rare wild animals in the forest, which are praised by experts as the rare "subtropical broad-leaved forest natural botanical garden" on the earth. The industrious 4.5 million Luzhou people actively responded to the Party's call, vigorously planted trees and basically restored the destroyed forests. At present, the forest coverage rate in the city is 26.73%, which has played a great role in water conservation, soil and water conservation, climate regulation and species protection, and contributed to maintaining ecological balance. Its ecological benefits greatly exceed economic benefits.

The territory is rich in mineral resources, especially the coal and pyrite in ancient Syria occupy an important position in the province and even the whole country. The country has included the development of coal and pyrite in ancient Syria in the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the 20 10 Plan, and put them on the important agenda. However, due to the complex geological conditions in this area, the intense rainstorm in summer, the scouring of rivers and streams, and the influence of human activities, natural environmental disasters such as landslides, collapses and mudslides occur from time to time, which have a certain impact on the natural ecological environment.

To sum up, the general characteristics of the ecological environment in Luzhou City are: rational land development, increasing forest coverage rate year by year, basically controlling soil erosion, protecting wildlife, developing resources in a planned way, developing natural disasters, and urgently strengthening the construction of nature reserves.

nature reserve

1. Attractions: There are 15 scenic spots in the city, including 1 at the national level, 2 at the provincial level, 9 at the municipal level and 3 at the county level. They are distributed in the four counties and three districts under their jurisdiction, forming the unique style of each scenic spot, which can be summarized as the following natural landscapes.

1, Mountain Landscape: Luzhou City is located in the transition zone from the bottom of Sichuan Basin to the mountainous area on the edge of the basin. This area is composed of a series of fold belts with nearly east-west strike, and limestone is distributed in a large area. Under the action of structure and flowing water, hills, low mountains, Zhongshan and karst landforms are interlaced, and some famous mountains and peaks have become outstanding representatives of mountain landscape. The picturesque Zhongshan Mountain, the majestic Yuchan Mountain, the majestic Fangshan Mountain, the beautiful Bijia Mountain, the cliff-towering Hongyan Mountain, the strange rocks and rocks, like people, animals, bamboo shoots, and thousands of gestures, like the caves of the sculpture Xuyong Tiansheng Bridge, constitute various underground wonders.

2. Waterscape: The waters of Luzhou City are mainly composed of two major water systems, the Yangtze River and the Tuojiang River, and numerous natural and artificial lakes. Their shape, sound, color, light and shadow constitute a unique natural style, which has strong ornamental value.

Due to the steep mountains in the southern mountainous area of Luzhou, rivers pass through the mountains, forming canyons and waterfalls, adding poetry to the natural scenery there. Bajiedong Waterfall in Huangjing Township, Gulin County has all kinds of mountains, forests, water and caves, which are beautiful, elegant and unique. The water attractions in the suburbs, such as Longmatan, Fenghuang Lake and Yulong Lake, are full of lakes and mountains, and the mountains are reflected on the lake. During the boating, it is like entering a paradise.

3. Climate landscape: Due to the change of climate, the organic combination of sun, moon, stars, clouds, fog, snow and geographical landscape has produced various meteorological wonders. For example, "Fangshan Sea of Clouds" in Naxi, "Ji Snow in Yan Dan" in Xuyong and "Baita Zhao Xia" in Jiangyang District are all scenic spots in Luzhou.

4. Biological landscape: Precious animals and rare plants constitute the unique natural landscape of Luzhou, giving people beautiful enjoyment. Fu Bao in Hejiang and Vitex negundo in Gu Lin have the best preserved virgin forests in the same latitude on the earth. There are lush forests, towering old trees, thousands of vines and vines that cover the sky. There are rare tree species in the forest, such as Alsophila spinulosa, Davidia involucrata, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cinnamomum camphora, Phoebe bournei, Red Bean and Ginkgo biloba. Among them, Alsophila spinulosa, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Taiwania flousiana are national key protected plants.

Hongyan Mountain in Xuyong has ancient and rare tree species such as Qianshan Ginkgo biloba, which not only has high economic value, scientific research value, but also has ornamental value. There are leopards, clouded leopards, bison, bears, roes, gazelles, flying foxes and other rare animals in the forest. At the same time, leopards, clouded leopards and bison are precious animals protected by the state. In some low mountainous areas, natural plants and artificial vegetation are very lush, and the municipal and county governments have taken practical measures to protect them, and the natural ecological environment is very pleasant.

5. Cultural relics and historical sites: Luzhou ancient city has left many cultural relics and historical sites and heroic achievements against imperialism and feudalism after more than 2,000 years. The statue of Mo Yan in Yuchan Mountain is vivid, and the Gratitude Pagoda has the architectural characteristics of the Tang Dynasty. Chunqiu Ancestral Hall is full of the essence of carving art in Qing Dynasty. Longnao Bridge is famous for its exquisite stone carving art, magnificent modeling and peculiar layout. LU ZHOU LAO JIAO CO.,LTD Co., Ltd., founded in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, has a cellar age of more than 400 years and is world-famous. In Naxi, General Cai E and Marshal Zhu De led the national defense forces to launch the war of "protecting the country and seeking yuan" and defeated the Beiyang Army's "Mianpogu battlefield"; In Jiangyang District, there is Zhu De Memorial Hall; In Gu Lin, the Red Army crossed the Chishui Ferry, and there were residences of central leaders such as the CPC Central Committee and Mao Zedong during the Long March. These cultural relics are listed as national, provincial and municipal cultural relics protection units respectively.

2. Forest Parks: There are currently/kloc-0 national forest parks, 3 provincial forest parks and 5 municipal forest parks in Luzhou, with a total area of 20 1 0.2 million mu. Fu Bao is a national forest park, Fangshan and Yuhuangguan are provincial forest parks, and Yuchan Mountain, Bijia Mountain, Mars Mountain and Honglonghu Lake are municipal forest parks. Except for the last three, they are all scenic spots.

Three. Proposed Nature Reserve: The construction of Luzhou Nature Reserve is still in its infancy. Fu Bao in Hejiang is a national forest park, and Huang Jing and Sun Zishan in Gu Lin are applying for provincial nature reserves.

Urban greening construction

Luzhou City not only strengthened the construction of the original Zhongshan Park, but also built new scenic spots such as Longmatan Park, Guanshan Park and Jiushishan Tourist Area. At present, the construction of Jiangbei Park is in progress. At the same time, with the development of urban road construction, urban road greening projects are gradually improved. Binjiang road, Cultural Square, Jiangyang Road and other urban road greening facilities have been built, and flowers and trees have become a good place for urban people to play and stay. 1986 in the ten years since the implementation of the urban master plan, the urban landscaping area has reached 698.6 hectares, and the urban greening coverage rate has reached 29.2%. The per capita area of public green space has increased from 2. 1 square meter in 1986 to 3.32 square meters in 1997, and Luzhou has been rated as an advanced city in landscaping in the whole province. In the future urban construction, greening construction will continue to be placed in a very important position. There will be 15 parks in the city, and urban residents can reach the corresponding green environment within 15 minutes. Urban green space will account for 18.7% of urban construction land.

The per capita public green area can reach 12.2 square meters.